ali molavi

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common debilitating chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Compared to the general population, MS patients are at a higher risk of contracting various diseases.

This study aimed to determine the challenges related to the injection of COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS.

In this qualitative research that was conducted on patients with MS, the data were collected in a secure environment through semi-structured interviews. We continued the interviews until data saturation, which was reached after 10 interviews, but 2 more interviews were conducted to make sure of data saturation. The duration of each interview was 30 - 45 minutes, depending on each patient’s condition. The data were managed in MAXQDA 10.

Of the participants, 66% werefemale, andthe average age of the patientswas47 years. After analyzing the interviews, 4main categories and 19 subcategories were extracted: mental concerns (hearing rumors, hearing news of death due to COVID-19, worrying about theunknownsof newvaccines, and worrying about side effects and treatment interactions), quarantine suffering(movement complications, depression, weak immune system, social distancing, and compliance with health protocols), educational resources (doctors, clinic staff, national media, cyberspace, and family) and personal experiences (effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, reduction of symptoms compared to unvaccinated people, and having no complications).

It is essential to take measures to decrease the existing challenges. For example, the patients were afraid of drug interactions and the lack of full understanding of the disease by doctors. In general, they had many questions, while they did not knowa reliable source of information. They chose doctors as themostreliable source; this choiceshowsthe importanceandcapacity of the doctor’s position in relation to vaccination, which can be used to explainandpromotevaccination in schools, offices, factories, and other parts of society. Besides, in relation to research on new diseases, a task force should be formed for each disease, and the mutual impacts of diseases and their drug interactions should be investigated; in this way, fewer concerns and problems arise during vaccination and treatment.

Extra-intestinal strains of the pathogenic Escherichia coli APEC are one of the most serious threats to the poultry industry in the world and in Iran, with extensive economic losses due to the high mortality rate in broiler herds. Molecular studies and determination of the frequency of virulence factors of APEC strains provide very useful information for designing and manufacturing vaccines against diseases caused by these strains. The aim of this study was to molecular detection of virulence genes iss and fimC in Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry with Colibacillosis in Ilam City.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on one hundred and fifty APEC isolates collected from general cases of poultry Colibacillosis in the year 1399. First, isolates were identified using selective and ‎differential culture media and standard biochemical tests. PCR test was used to determine the ‎presence of virulence genes iss and fimC among Escherichia coli isolates using a specific primer.

Results of PCR test on one hundred and fifty APEC isolates obtained from Colibacillosis cases ‎using specific primers to detect the genes encoding fimbriae type 1 fimC and the gene ‎Increased serum survival ‎iss showed that 139 isolates (92.66%) had fimC gene. Also, the results ‎showed that among the total isolates, 126 isolates (84%) have the increased serum survival iss gene.‎

The results of this study indicate the high presence of virulence genes iss and fimC in Escherichia coli isolates isolated from avian Colibacillosis in the study area. Detection of these genes can be used as diagnostic markers of pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry.

Spiritual Upbringing (Tarbiyat) is any activity quided by God, prophets and the Awliya'  (friends of Allah), in order to influence the cognition, attitude, morals, and behavior of a person, based on predetermined goals. Almighty God sent the prophets to guide and educate people so that, with seriousness, they can advance humanity on the path of tarbiyat and perfection. Surah Yunus is also full of educational teachings for the modern-thinking generation of Muslims in today's society.The current research has analyzed some of these teachings based on the needs of contemporary man in the direction of moving towards perfection and salvation from the concerns of the material world, through the descriptive-analytical method and library-software resources and referring to the verses of the Quran and traditions and the sayings of religious elders, and has achieved these results God is not in a hurry to punish the oppressors, so to give them last warning or an opportunity to return, the system of existence is not compatible with oppression, not being attached to the mortal world and using opportunities correctly, the need to use divine blessings in the way of perfection, the reflection of human behavior in the world, the Qur'an is a factor for guidance and mercy and healing of diseases, the goodness of joy and happiness by enjoying the blessings of divine knowledge, revelation and teachings, the enjoyment of the Awliya'  (friends of Allah) with human perfection and happiness, and timely repentance that saves from divine punishment.