ali mousavizadeh

 Monetary donations from charitable individuals and organizations are one of the financial sources of health sector programs. This study sought to extract and deeply understand their views and opinions in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces.

 In this qualitative content analysis study in 2017, the data was collected through 22 in-depth interviews with donors (9 women and 13 men) living in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The interviewees were identified and selected by checking the database of the province’s Health Charity Forum and referrals from other charity organizations. The data was analyzed manually using the framework analysis method.

 The age range of the participants was 32-74. Data analysis led to five main themes and 11 subthemes. Most participants expressed their reasons for donations as intrinsic motivations and positive attitudes towards these activities. Moreover, the majority of them believed that; a sense of commitment, sense of responsibility, altruism, as well as brotherhood, and equality inherent in human beings were the main reasons for their donations. Lack of recognition and lack of trust in charitable organizations were the main obstacles to donation. Conducting appropriate advertisements, and gaining community trust in charities were the most important interventions suggested by the interviewees. Family members, especially spouses, were the most important influential group for monetary donations.

 Focusing on the feeling of inner satisfaction and having a good feeling after donating cash and highlighting it, as well as removing the stated obstacles can lead to encouraging people and society to do this behavior.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a health crisis, emphasizing the need to identify high-risk patients for effective resource allocation and prioritized hospitalization. Previous studies have been limited in their use of algorithms and variables, while this research expands to include lifestyle factors and optimizes hyperparameters for twenty machine learning algorithms, enhancing prediction accuracy and identifying key predictors.

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 207 COVID-19 patients. The Boruta algorithm was used to select the best features for twenty classification algorithms, and RandomizedSearchCV was utilized to optimize hyperparameters. The models were evaluated using performance metrics such as accuracy, f-measure, and area under the curve (AUC).

The study identified eight key predictors of COVID-19 hospitalization, which include gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, diagnosis by CT scan, mean platelet volume, mean corpuscular volume, fasting blood sugar, red blood cell count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. By optimizing the hyperparameters of twenty machine learning algorithms, the accuracy and AUC were improved. With an outstanding AUC of 81.25, the XGBClassifier model exhibited superior performance.

The findings of this study can assist clinicians in allocating resources effectively and improving patient care. Additionally, this approach can aid healthcare researchers in leveraging artificial intelligence to manage diseases.

Increasing the level of health awareness of food preparation and distribution staff can have a direct impact on improving the level of public health in the community. Education can change people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health education courses that provide integrated education as well as to other education systems, include educational inputs, processes, and outputs. The objective of this research is to evaluate these elements of the educational system of health education courses in Shiraz.

The current study evaluated the educational input, process, and output of 7 current health education institutions in Shiraz. Factors that influence the input of educational courses were evaluated using an inspection checklist of health education courses, the educational process was measured employing a satisfaction survey, and the educational output was assessed through a checklist of inspection of Article 13 of the Regulations. The health performance of 160 guild health certified units and 160 uncertified education units was analyzed as a criterion for effectiveness. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS21 software. Data related to the assessment of the input and educational process were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical tests were also used for cross-group comparisons of output evaluation data.

The findings of the educational input evaluation showed a strong correlation and a significant relationship between the overall evaluation score of the educational courses and the "observation" (0.96) "educational course principal" (0.94). Also, in the process evaluation, the "educational environment" and "general educational programs" with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.84 had the most correlation with the overall process evaluation score. In all the health fields studied, there was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the average score obtained for educational courses with and without certificates. There was a significant difference (p <0.0001) between the mean score obtained by public health with and without health certification. The average score obtained by the certified public and non-public places was 91.81 and 70.71, respectively.

Health education can have a major impact on people's health performance. Some of the elements that make up the educational output have a greater impact on achieving the desired educational output. For example, the revision and updating of the educational content and the development of the educational program according to all groups of learners can improve the performance of the learning process and the satisfaction of learners.

Avulsion of anterior teeth has a negative impact on the quality of life, performance and facial esthetics of children, decreases the children's self-confidence and imposes a financial burden on their families. School staff have a signif-icant role in management and timely referral of children with avulsed anterior teeth to health centers. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice of Yasuj primary school teachers regarding avulsed permanent teeth.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 male and female elementary school teachers in Yasuj using cluster random sam-pling. Data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire including questions on teachers' knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practice of teachers on management of children with avulsed teeth.

About 20% of teachers had good knowledge, 59% had good attitude, and only 1.2% and 8% of teachers had good practice and efficiency to manage traumatic injuries of permanent teeth, respectively. Among the study variables (age, gender, educational level, teaching experience, and teaching course(, the strongest relationship was found between the teachers' educational level and age with their knowledge, attitude, performance and efficiency using generalized linear multivariate analysis. Only the relationship between age and scores of knowledge (P=0.009) and efficiency (P=0.03) was statistically significant.

In the current study, the knowledge level of Yasuj primary school teach-ers about avulsed permanent teeth was poor, and their attitude and performance were moderate and very poor, respectively.

 Sexuality education is one of the most important educational needs for adolescents. Parents play a significant role in shaping healthy sexuality in adolescents. There is little evidence in Iran about sexuality education for empowering adolescences.

 This study aimed at developing, implementing, and evaluating a training program for mothers to educate sexuality matters to their adolescent girls in Mahshahr, Iran.

 This field trial was conducted among 140 mothers with 12- to 18-year-old adolescent girls in Mahshahr during the second half of 2014. The multi-stratified sampling method was performed for determining the study participants. Data was collected by using “Parent-Child Relationship: Mother” and “Knowledge and Attitude About Sexuality Education to Adolescents” questionnaires. Based on the baseline results, an educational intervention for mothers was designed and implemented. Data were collected, analyzed, and compared before and three months after the intervention implementation. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. A confidence interval of 95% with significance at P < 0.05 was used.

 Compared with the pre-intervention phase, mothers’ awareness of sexual issues significantly increased from 30.00 to 36.50 (P < 0.001). While the mean score of attitudes towards sexuality education significantly increased from 46.65 to 48.57 (P < 0.001), no significant difference was observed between mothers’ communication skills before and after the educational intervention (P = 0.98).

 The designed educational program was an effective tool to improve the knowledge and attitudes toward sexuality matters in mothers. Thus, continuous and regular programs are required to improve communication skills in mothers.

Sexuality education is one of the most important educational needs of adolescents, and mothers can have a key role in sex education of their daughters. This study aimed at developing, implementing and evaluating a skill-based training program for mothers for sexuality education of adolescent girls in Mahshahr, Iran.
This was a field trial conducted on 140 mothers having 12- to18-year-old girls between September and March 2012. Data were collected using two reliable questionnaires developed by the investigators ─ a "Parent-Child Relationship: Mother" questionnaire for assessing the mothers’ communication skills completed by the adolescent girls, and a "Knowledge and attitude about sexuality education of adolescents" questionnaire for assessing the mothers’ knowledge and attitude about sex matters and communication, skills completed by the mothers themselves. Based on the results, an educational intervention for mothers was designed consisting of three training sessions and implemented. The mothers’ knowledge, attitude and communication scores after a period of three months were compared with the respective baseline scores.
Three months after the intervention, the mean scores of mothers’ knowledge and attitude about sexuality matters increased significantly (in both cases p Based on the findings it can be concluded that the designed educational program was effective in improving the knowledge and attitudes of the mother about sexuality matters although it did not affect their communication skills. Promoting communication skills of mothers as an important factor for sexuality education of their daughters requires regular, continuous educational sessions, as well as practice and experiences.

Ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) is the result of an anatomic or a functional abnormality in the distal segment of the ureter. There are many types of UVJO, different in their cause, presentation, imaging characters, and prognosis.
The aim of this study was to discuss the postoperative natural course and prognosis of patients undergoing standard approaches on the management of primary UVJO by one surgeon in a 10-year period starting from 2004.
From January 2004 to October 2013, 64 patients who underwent ureteral tapering and stenting ureteroneocystostomy for complicated primary UVJO participated in the study.
The mean age of patients was 26 years (range: 11 months to 73 years). The mean hospital stay was 5 days (range: 4 to 7 days). The post-operative time was between 1 and 2 hours. Double J stent was left in place for 4 weeks. Post-operative follow-up was at least one year. No major complication was encountered, instead, a decrease in symptoms in all patients and an increase in renal function in 40 out of 64 (62.5%) patients were observed in the one-year follow-up of the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scanning. Only 3 patients had fever as a postoperative minor complication.
Decision making in the treatment of UVJO is somewhat a dilemma. This condition is occasionally asymptomatic and uneventful, and may be detected accidentally during an unrelated work-up; nonetheless, it may also cause serious life threatening complications. Surgical management in complicated cases may be a safe and viable treatment option both in children and in adults.

In Iran the rate of Cesarean section is reported to be 48%, which is higher than the acceptable rate recommended by WHO (15%). This study was conducted to determine the effect of an intervention based on social marketing on the reduction of intention to choose Cesarean section by primigravidae in Boyer-Ahmad County, Iran in 2015.
In this field trial 39 primigravidae three to four months pregnant who had an intention to choose Cesarean section for delivery participated. A formative research (a quantitative survey and a qualitative study) was done to achieve the social marketing mix, and based on the results a tailored intervention was designed and pretested on the subjects. The final intervention was implemented for a period of one month and its effectiveness assessed after at least one month by a proportion test.
The average age of the women was 25.82 years. The proportion of the women with a high school (or lower) and university education was 38.5% and 61.5%, respectively. One month after the intervention thirty of the pregnant women expressed willingness and intention to have a normal delivery, which was a statistically significant change (p=0.01).
An educational intervention based on the consumer-oriented social marketing theory can be effective in designing, implementing and evaluating a program aiming at reducing Cesarean section intention.

Use of media education has been noted to control the problems of patients with chronic diseases by health professional staffs in recent decades. This study aimed to determine the effect of the movie- based education on sleep quality in patients with bronchial asthma.
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with bronchial asthma referred to a clinical office in Borojen city, Iran. Fifty one eligible patients were conventionally selected but were randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group using block randomization. One patient in control group was excluded because of hospitalization. Education about sleep was provided for intervention group through showing a 15 minutes film which could be simply read by computer, DVD player and cell phone. In addition to demographic information, patient's sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were collected one week before and one month after intervention. Collected data were analyzed through statistical software of SPSS, version 21, using central tendency and dispersion indices as well as statistical testes including Chi square test, independent sample test, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon test that P The results showed no statistically significant differences in the total quality of sleep and its dimensions in the test and control groups before the intervention (p>0.05). There was observed a significant difference by the total score of sleep quality and dimensions of subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbances and sleep latency in both groups post intervention (p=0.001). There was, however, observed no statistically significant differences in the scores of dimensions such as sleep duration, sleep efficiency, use of sleep medication and day time dysfunction between the test and control groups after intervention(p>0.05).
The movie-based education could improve the quality of sleep in patients with bronchial asthma. The further studies were suggested to examine its effectiveness in patients with other chronic diseases due to the ease of its implementation. If the results of this study would confirm, this method may be considered as a way to teach the patient to self-care at home

Although performing cesarean section in specific condition can save life of mother and neonate, but has considerable complications. Reducing cesarean among primigravida is one of the best strategies to reduce cesarean. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to develop a tailored intervention to promote normal vaginal delivery (NVD) among primigravida women.
This formative research was done to develop an intervention based on assessment tools pattern and social marketing response to reduce cesarean section among primigravida women in Boyer-Ahmad city in 2015. The qualitative data were collected through individual interviews and focused group discussions. The quantitative data were collected by a questionnaire based on the constructs of Theory of Planned Behavior. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16). The qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis method as manual and the quantitative data by routine descriptive statistics, logistic regression, Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests.
In qualitative part, the most important barriers for selecting NVD were: maternity being unpleasant, fear, other's recommendations, and negative experiences of referring to maternity and low level of knowledge among women. The main interventions recommended for increasing NVD were: education, counseling, making the process of NVD more pleasant. In the quantitative survey, we found that 25.2% of the women were intended to do cesarean. In quantitative part, 39 women (25.2%) had intention to perform cesarean section. The median and interquartile range of attitude was 18±4, subjective norms 16.5±3, and perceived control behavior 16±3. Attitude, subjective norms, place of residence, and the spouse's job were the main predictors in selecting the mode of delivery.
To design an effective tailored intervention to promote NVD among primigravida women, their wants and needs should be considered. Education, offering telephone counseling, and implement of brief interventions by physicians and midwives in health centers are the main elements of the tailored intervention.

Peer assisted learning (PAL) is the expansion of knowledge and abilities through active assistance and guidance among groups of people who are not trained teachers, but still assist and support one another’s learning. The aim of this study was evaluation of PAL in teaching skills and learning limb anatomy for medical students.
In this quasi-experimental study, students entering Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (YUMS) in academic year 2012-13 were allocated to two equal groups of 28 participants, with PAL as the intervention group and conventional teaching methods as the comparison group at the beginning of the fourth week of the course. The course content for the PAL group was divided into seven roughly equal parts, the duties of students were determined and the time table was the same for two groups. Formative exams from each topic and summative exams about upper and lower limb anatomy were given. Abilities and skills of peer teachers were assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire through peer assessment. Data was analyzed using a paired t-test.
The mean scores of the PAL intervention group showed a significant statistical increase on seven out of ninth formative exams in relation to the comparison group (P The mean scores of PAL group were higher than those of the comparison group. Since learning in this method occurs through debate and discussion and acquisition of skills and communication grew in students, it could be an accountable approach.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is entrapment of the median nerve in carpal tunnel of the wrist. In severe cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, or those refractory to conservative treatment, surgery is performed. The main aim of this research was to determine the incidence of recurrent and persistent rates of carpal tunnel syndrome following open surgery. This descriptive cross sectional study was performed on 105 patients having open carpal tunnel release in the range of 5 to 60 months ago. These cases were operated at Shahid Beheshti hospital in Yasuj, Iran. Assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome after open surgical release of the median nerve was done by electrodiagnostic studies and MRI. If symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome maintain after surgery, this condition is persistent and if reappearance of the syndrome 3 months or more following surgery this is recurrent. In cases of observing changes from severe to lower stages of the disease in electrodiagnostic studies, treatment is considered successful. All of 58.1% of patients had right severe carpal tunnel syndrome and 41.9 % had left severe carpal tunnel syndrome prior to surgery. The incidence of recurrent and persistent carpal tunnel syndrome following open transverse carpal release was 12.4% and 10.4%, respectively. The incidence of persistent and recurrent rates of carpal tunnel syndrome following open transverse carpal release was higher than the expected rate. These rates were dependant to the appropriate patient, the correct diagnosis and duration of symptoms before surgery.

To compare efficacy and complications of spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In a prospective randomized study, 110 patients were randomly assigned into two groups for PCNL; group 1 (n = 52) underwent general anesthesia and group 2 (n = 58) received spinal anesthesia. In group 1, PCNL was performed using standard technique under general anesthesia. In group 2, spinal anesthesia was done by injecting bupivacaine and fentanyl in spinal space L4 in sitting position. Thereafter, a urethral catheter was placed in lithotomy position, head of the bed was tilted down for 5 to 10 minutes, and the level of anesthesia was checked. Then, PCNL was done by standard technique. Complications were recorded and analyzed by SPSS software using Chi-Square and Student’s t tests. Mean stone size in groups 1 and 2 was 34.2 ± 9.8 mm and 31.3 ± 7.9 mm, respectively. Intra-operative hypotension and postoperative headache and low back pain were more in spinal group than the general group with a significant difference (P <. 05). No neurologic complication was observed in both groups. Need to narcotic medications on the day of operation in groups 1 and 2 was 12.4 ± 3.1 mg and 7.8 ± 2.3 mg of morphine sulphate, respectively (P =. 03). The cost of anesthetic drugs was 23 ± 3.7 US $ and 4.5 ± 1.3 US $ in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P =. 001). Spinal anesthesia with combined bupivacaine and fentanyl is a safe, effective, and cost-effective method for performing PCNL in adult patients.

Background and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a zoonotic disease that has been reported from different parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in high risk professions in Yasuj، Iran. The present study included 108 subjects at risk; 34 butchers، 20 slaughters، 14 slaughter-house workers، 20 waiters، and 20 housewives were randomly selected. After completing the demographic characteristics and history of febrile diseases، blood samples were obtained and specific IgG antibodies against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus were tested. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and percentages and chi-square tests. Of the 108 subjects، 5 (4. 6 percent) with positive serology were among restaurant the workers 2 (10 percent) and slaughterers 3 (15 percent)، respectively، which was statistically significant. There were no positive serologies in the other groups. The present study showed that the Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in high risk professions is not highly prevalent in Yasuj، Iran. However، the need for further surveillance and prevention programs is still recommended.

ABCG2 (ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2) gene have located in chromosome which is encoded ABCG2 protein that transports various xenobiotics, cytostatic drugs across the plasma membrane and cholesterol into milk. A single nucleotide change (A/C) in base 86 of exon 14 is capable of encoding a substitution of tyrosine to serine in the ABCG2 gene and increases milk yield and decreases fat and protein concentration. The major aim of this research is to identify ABCG2 gene polymorphism in Iranian population of Holstein bulls. Genomic DNA of 105 bulls was extracted from semen samples using high Pure PCR template preparation kit. Primers were designed with Oligo software and utilized in PCR. Then the PCR fragments were sequenced. Results of sequences were compared with NCBI sequence databases. A/C mutation in base 86 of exon 14 was observed with 2% frequency.

To evaluate ophthalmologists’ sitting position during ocular examination and surgery and to evaluate any correlation between musculoskeletal disorders and mean work time.

This cross-sectional study was performed on ophthalmologists in Isfahan, Iran in different occupational positions including the office, during slitlamp examination and in the operating room. The evaluation included neck angle, lumbar lordosis, pelvic angle and the position of lower leg and foot. Ophthalmologists were asked about spinal and shoulder pains and mean work time in the office and operating room.

Among 73 studied ophthalmologists (including 60 male and 13 female subjects), there were malpositions in neck angle in 43 (58.9%), lumbar lordosis in 36 (49.3%), hip angle in 9 (12.3%), lower leg in 49 (67.1%) and foot in 31 (42.4%) cases. Among 62 ophthalmologists who performed surgery there were malpositions in neck angle in 38 (61.3%), lumbar lordosis in 38 (61.3%), hip angle in 2 (37.1%), knee angle in 43 (69.4%) and foot in 44 (71.0%) cases. There was a significant correlation between spinal pains and mean work time in the office (P=0.02) and operating room (P=0.01).

According to the correlation between spinal pains and work time, it is necessary to educate ophthalmologists for correct sitting position during work.