ali rasouli

Local dynasties, especially in the periods of intercession, have been important influential factors in the historical developments of southern Iran and the Persian Gulf. The current research deals with one of the lesser known Sheikhs of the interval between the collapse of the Afshar government and the establishment of the Zand government, Sheikh Hajar Kangani, who gained local authority in Kangan port. The research focuses on: "Why did Kangan Port become a platform for the formation of local power by Sheikh Hajar? What ups and downs did his power go through and how did he face the foreign powers present in the Persian Gulf and Karim Khan Zand?" Studying the evidence confirms that Kangan port achieved relative superiority in commercial prosperity due to increased insecurity in other ports, its geographical and strategic location in the light of Sheikh Hajar's actions became important as one of the connection points between Shiraz and the Persian Gulf. So Sheikh Hajar became an important local power. But his tension with the British, refusing to participate in the war with Mir Mahna and resisting the tax demands of the Zand government led to the darkness of Sheikh Hajar's relations with it, Zand Corps’ military attack to Kangan and the end of his work. The method of this historical research is descriptive and analytical. Data Collection done mainly in a library style, and as the case, using oral history and surveying works.

Historical geographical manuscripts are crucial for social, cultural, and linguistic research. One such significant text is "Ahsan Al-Taqɑsim fi Maʔrefat Al-Aqɑlim" by Abuʔabdallɑh Moḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Maqdesi, which provides a detailed description of languages and dialects in Muslim communities in the 10th century. We aimed to investigate the significance of this manuscript in understanding the sociolinguistic status of Islamic communities in that era through these research questions: what is the linguistic value of Maqdesi’s reports? How do they aid in recognizing the language usage, distribution and variation in Muslim communities? A descriptive-analytic analysis was conducted on the linguistic reports from a historical sociolinguistic perspective to identify sociolinguistic themes and classify the relevant content for further interpretation. The analysis revealed that Maqdesi has studied the linguistic status of the Islamic world in a systematic and well-thought plan, and, his observations yielded a relatively clear picture of the linguistic landscape, dialectal differences, language choices and usages, and social attitude towards languages, especially in the eastern regions of the Islamic world in the 10th century. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of comprehensive and well-categorized historical-geographical language descriptions and the necessity of reanalyzing historical-geographical manuscripts to better understand the historical sociolinguistic status of Iranian languages.

The experience of cardiovascular diseases affects various physical, psychological, social and existential aspects of the patient. But, after studying the research background, it was found that Each of the conducted studies have studied only one of these dimensions. Therefore, the absence of a research that examines all the mentioned components in relation to each other is a sign of the existence of a scientific gap in this field.

The present research was conducted with the aim of studying the "disease experience" in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

In this qualitative research, interpretive phenomenological method was used. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method and in order to collect data, a semi-structured interview based on the axes proposed by Spradley (2016) was conducted individually with 16 cardiovascular patients. The data were analyzed based on the 6-step strategy of Smith, Larkin and Flowers (2021) and using MAXQDA-2020 software.

From the analysis of the findings, the central category of "Disease-caused Transformations" was identified, which includes five main categories of phenomenal body, agency barrier, communication interference, difficult emotional experiences, and existential challenges.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that cardiovascular diseases cause profound changes in various aspects of the patients' personal and social life. Using the categories identified in the current research can be a guide for specialists to evaluate that In which of the categories of "pathological changes" does the cardiovascular patient have more serious problems and as a result, it can help specialists in designing and implementing interventions according to the same category.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) have always been considered as the vector/s of viral and parasitic diseases. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive survey on the species composition, spatial distribution, and biodiversity indices of mosquitoes in Kurdistan Province, western Iran.

This study was carried out in 10 counties of Kurdistan Province. The immature stages of mosquitoes were collected monthly from June to September. ArcGIS software was used to spatial analysis and create maps. Alpha diversity indices were calculated using the related formula.

Totally, 5831 larvae belonging to the family Culicidae were collected. Twelve species were identified including: Anopheles claviger, An. maculipennis s.l, An. superpictus s.l, Culiseta. longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, Culex hortensis, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. modestus and Cx. territans. Based on this analysis, the high-risk areas of the province are determined as Anopheles in the west, Culex in the north, and the Culiseta in the south of the province. Analyzing the Alpha biodiversity indices showed Baneh and Sarabad had the maximum and Bijar had the minimum mosquito biodiversity.

The western counties of the province are regarded as the hotspots for anopheline mosquitos. Moreover, reporting of malaria cases in the past, bordering with Iraq and the high traffic of travelers have made these areas as potential foci for malaria transmission. So that, routine entomological inspections are proposed to detect any suspicious vector or case entrance.

Adjacent radiation fields are applied in some radiotherapeutic cases. When using these radiation fields, considerable dose errors across the junction of radiation fields are possible. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the dose calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) when using the adjacent radiation fields. The present study aimed to quantify the dose calculation accuracy of ISOgray TPS for the photon-photon adjacent fields. To assess the accuracy of dose calculations, the dose profiles were first measured by a Semiflex TM31010 at 1, 1.5, 5, and 10 cm depths for different field sizes (6 × 6, 10 × 10, and 20 × 20 cm2). In the second step, corresponding data were extracted from the ISOgray TPS. Finally, the dosimetric performance of TPS was evaluated using a gamma index analysis. The overall dose calculation accuracy of ISOgray TPS was within the acceptable range for the build-up region (with acceptance criteria of dose difference (DD) = 15% and distance to agreement (DTA) =3 mm) and the depths after the build-up region (with acceptance criteria of DD = 5% and DTA = 3 mm). Moreover, the overall accuracy of dose calculations was not affected by the field size. A more detailed analysis of the findings revealed that the accuracy of dose calculations in the match line regions of the adjacent radiation fields for 1cm beam profiles was within the acceptable range; however, it declined for other depths. The findings showed that the overall dose calculation accuracy of ISOgray TPS was acceptable for evaluated adjacent radiation fields. However, the accuracy of dose calculations in the match line regions of the adjacent radiation fields for the depth after build-up was not within the acceptable range.

In this research similar joining of NiTi shape memory alloy was studied. For this purpose, NiTi alloy in the form of wires with circular cross section possessing martensitic phase structure at room temperature was used. By utilizing Nd:YAG pulsed laser welding method followed by optimizing its technical parameters, a defectless joint in terms of appearance and metallurgical properties was obtained. In the next step, the effect of various pulsed laser duration time on properties of the obtained similar joint of NiTi was investigated. Moreover, the resultant microstructures were studied using optical microscope (OP) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with chemical analysis of EDS. Furthermore, the samples prepared under different pulsed laser duration time conditions were characterized by using tensile and micro-hardness tests. Investigating the results of the performed evaluations revealed that higher levels of heat input has resulted in grain growth, dissolution of precipitations as well as reduction in hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the samples in the joint zone.

The oil shale is a prodigious immature kerogen-rich resource, which represent an outstanding potential of oil generation through thermochemical processing at ~350-530°C depending on kerogen peculiarities. Kinetic investigation is one of the fundamental approaches for quantifying and evaluation of this process. The main aim of this study is thermal and kinetic investigation on the Garau oil shale (Early Cretaceous) from Lorestan province of Iran using TGA-DTG analysis (Thermogravimetry Analysis; TGA and Differential Thermogravimetry Analysis; DTG) under three constant 5, 10, 15 °C/min heating rate from 20°C up to 900 °C. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis was used to evaluate the evolved gases during thermochemical decomposition of the Garau oil shale. The results show the combustion process of the representative sample from the Garau oil shale involves two main peaks of mass loss, which reveal two main reaction regions. The first reaction region is originated from organic matter (bitumen & kerogen) decomposition and the second reaction region is occurred as the result of calcite thermal breaking down. According to the average activation energy calculated for the organic matter decomposition (~183 kJ/mol), the Garau oil shale corresponds to medium-fast reaction rate kerogens, in consistent with IIS-kerogen reaction rate (144-218 KJ/mol).

Text-based approaches in the study of literary texts of the early twentieth century emerged under the influence of linguistics-based approaches in which The Russian linguists and the school formalism had the most contribution in the changes in literary criticism of twentieth-century. In the way that in the analysis of literary texts they believed that all the valuable things of a literary work are hidden in itself and factors such as historical containers, construction of a literary work or the purpose of it and the importance of the poet's life are the later priorities. Formalism is manifested in the literature of different nations, especially in Russian literature with the advent of great figures such as Jakobson,Shklovsky etc. and in Arab literature owes to the term oriented efforts of great figures such as Jahez and Ghodame ebne Jafar and Abdul Ghaher Jurjani. And its signs in contemporary Arab literature are visible in the works of great figures such as Amin Nakhla, SalahAbdul Saboor etc

The levels of branched-chain amino acids, an increase in obese subjects and associated with the risk of insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit resistance training on the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids and insulin resistance in in obese adolescents boys.

33 obese adolescent boys (BMI≥30) with 14 to 17 years of age were randomly divided into two groups: Circuit resistance training group (n=16) and control group (n=17). The circuit resistance training was performed for eight-weeks, three sessions per week. The training program included 11 stations. The exercise was performed in the first 4 weeks with 2 sets with 70 -75% one repetition maximum, 10-12 repetitions, and in the second 4 weeks with 4 sets with 75-80% one repetition maximum, 6-8 replications. The rest between stations and sets was 30 and 180 seconds, respectively. HPLC method was used to measure the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids.

resistance training reduced weight (P <0.001), BMI (P <0.001), glucose (P = 0.035), valine (P = 0.007) and sum of branched-chain amino acids (P = 0.007) and insulin resistance index did not reach significant level (P = 0.083).

The circuit resistance training in obese adolescents improved levels of branched-chain amino acids, glucose, and insulin resistance. Given that obese children and adolescents are more at risk for various diseases, such as diabetes, circuit resistance training may prevent metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

The aim of this study was to estimate the delivered doses to tissues and organs around the liver tumor during radiotherapy and to determine organs with a high probability of secondary induction cancers. This study was carried out using Monte Carlo method.
The used Phantom, the ORNL phantom is for an adult female. The volume of the tumor is as much as 30% of the liver tissue.In the initial step of this study, we will focus on simulating the linear accelerator of Varian 2100 6MV and by comparing the output results with the calculated values;​​ we will make sure that the results of MCNPX code are sufficiently accurate. In the next step, the corrections are considered in phantom and Monte Carlo technique was used for radiotherapy. The dose calculations was done for 38 organs. According to the obtained results in this simulation, the reached doses to other tissues surrounding tumor was in the range of 0.01-13.07%. Among the examined organs, the healthy tissue of the liver, kidney, the left part of bone_rib cage, the right part of bone_rib cage, adrenals pancreas and lung have received 88, 24.5, 24.2, 18.8, 15.9, 7, 5 cGy, respectively. Due to the linear relationship between the dose received in each organ and the risk of cancer of the organ in subsequent years, in the BERT model, the kidneys have a higher risk of secondary cancers than other organs. In calculating of the risk by Monte Carlo method at a given time, the healthy part of the liver has the highest risk of inducing secondary cancers, and the risk of inducing secondary cancers for kidney, the right part of cage, the left part of cage and adrenal glands were 81, 48, 36 and 18 percent, respectively. Secondary cancer induction is more likely for patients who require more therapy for effective radiotherapy than other patients.

Abstract: The modern times approach is the same as Aristotle has written in the fourth book of physics: ((The 'now' is the link of time)). While Heidegger believes this understanding of time, puts the being as something present at hand for Manipulation, because the being is in now Discrete from the past and the future, and it seems that its totality is available for to be dominated. As a result of this process being is not able to revealing and uneventful world is embodied. However, in Heidegger's philosophy, something must have happened before thinking and acting in a genuine and meaningful way. But, Heidegger's suggestion for to get out of this problematic situation (uneventful world), is not the prescription of a struggle, but the abandonment of things to oneself as they are. Heidegger expresses this abandonment with the term "Gelassenheit". Some researchers from Heidegger's term "Gelassenheit" concluded some kind of inaction and numbness. However, in the present study, we will show that "Gelassenheit" is not space neutral and inaction arena, But also is itself involves activism, But at the time it belongs, The present time that is realm of past and future confluence, And Heidegger calls it the name "genuine moment", a determined moment that should be expected, And when it happened, identified the hidden event in it. The term "Gelassenheit" suggests a delayed process and thus, in the face of the objectification process in modernity.

Training with active learning approaches and student - centered are more effective to strengthen problem-solving skills in nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PBL method and lecture on nursing student's knowledge and performance in Qom Islamic Azad University.
This quasi-experimental study with two groups of pre-post test method was conducted during 2015 on 64 nursing students (in their third semester) who had chosen evaluation of health status course in Qom Islamic Azad University. The students were randomly divided into two groups of cases (32 persons). Having applied PBL and lecture during 2 week, knowledge and performance were evaluated via one questioner and checklist at the end of two months after the course. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Fisher, dependent and independent t-Test. The level of significance was 0.05.
Learning significantly increased the mean scores of knowledge (9.66 ± 1.92) and performance (4.16 ± 1.41) in the learning group based on problem solving in relation to the lecture group with (6/28± 1/9) for knowledge and (2/81 ± 1/71) for performance
There was no significant difference between the lecture group and the problem solving before the intervention in terms of level of knowledge (P = 0.574).
our results suggest that although both forms of teaching were effective, PBL seemed to be more effective than Lecture in improving knowledge and performance; because the instructor manage the process of discussion, give positive feedback, and conduct a summary.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of morphine and naloxone on epileptic activity in live brain slices taken from morphine-dependent and control infant mice.
Forty neonatal mice were randomly selected. To establish dependency, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg / kg morphine was injected subcutaneously once daily (0.1 cc) for 5 consecutive days from day 14-18 after birth. On postnatal days 19-20, brain slices were prepared and cerebrospinal fluid was perfused with low magnesium to induce experimental- epiletform activity. The effects of 10, 100 and 1000 µM concentrations of morphine and 10 µM naloxone were investigated on epileptic activity. Chenges in the number as well as onset and amplitude of activities were considered as an indicator to determine the quantity of their effect.
The results showed that morphine 100 µM increased the activity while 10 and 1000 µM concentrations of morphine and 10 µM naloxone attenuated epileptic activity in both groups. Naloxone reduced pro-seizure effect of morphine, but anti-seizure effect of morphine couldnt restored by naloxone.
Morphine has a two-phase concentration-dependent effect on epileptic activity in the infant mice; so that low and high concentrations of morphine inhibit epileptic activity, but its moderate concentration potentiates the epileptic activity. Naloxone has an anti-seizure effect.

Iron oxide is an important biological agent that has a key role in medical processes; however, the mechanism whereby it provides iron for human and animal cells and its biological uses remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of oral iron oxide on serum iron status and compare the results with those of iron sulfate as a reference salt. Fifteen adult rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 5 each: control group, iron sulfate group, and iron oxide group. The groups received doses of 3.3, 10, and 33 mg/kg in 3 experiments. Venous blood samples were obtained just before the oral administration of iron sulfate and iron oxide (3.3 mg/kg). More blood samples were taken 3 times at the time points of 1, 6, and 12 hours after the administration of the solutions. Serum was separated for the measurement of iron (Fe) and total iron-binding globulin (TIBG) with routine methods. One week later, the same experiment was repeated with 10 mg/kg of iron sulfate and iron oxide; and 1 week later after the second experiment, again the same experiment was repeated with 33 mg/kg of iron sulfate and iron oxide. The results showed that 33 mg/kg of iron sulfate 1 hour after treatment caused a significant difference in the Fe and TIBG levels between all the groups (P=0.014 for Fe and P=0.027 for TIBG). Our data showed that the absorption of iron oxide was similar to that of ferrous sulfate and in high doses was as useful as iron supplement.

The purpose of this study is to select the best place for the detector towards shield and the gamma source which have the least flux buildup factor of the photon. In this research, the flux buildup factor of gamma rays was calculated by using of MCNP-4C code for cylindrical sources 137Cs, 60Co, 16N coaxial shields made up of aluminum, iron and lead with a constant thickness 1.55 cm in detector CsI (Tl). For this purpose, detector was respectively placed at different distances from 9 to 18 cm and different angles from 30 to 150 degrees with respect to the axis of the source. In this study, we tried to assess the dependency of the buildup factor with material atomic number, gamma-ray energy, relative distance of detector-material-source and angle of detector to source. The obtained results showed that the buildup factor values are variable in a wide range from 1 to 3.5. According to the results of simulation, if the aim is reduction of the buildup factor source, shield and detector should be designed parallel and coaxial. Otherwise, whatever deviation of detector from the central axis is increased, the gamma-rays buildup factors are greater in detector.

Historical geography of Persian Gulf has still unknown points despite of conducted researches. The texts of Sif can be offered the new information about cultural interaction history of this region. Term Sif has been utilized for description of northern coasts of Persian Gulf. In other words, this term has been mentioned as Arabic word in encyclopedia.
The present study investigates not only the relationship between Sif term and the historical geography of northern coasts of Persian Gulf due to the necessity of the role of historical geography in researches related to the terms but also the examination of changes of Sif. The evidences based on linguistic, historical and geographical data reveal that term "sif" has origin in historical geography of Persian Gulf coasts and Persian language. From the 10th century, the term ''Sif'' has been altered from a term for all coasts of ancient Persia to a name for Shif district in Bushehr. This study is based on library information and oral studies with historical approach.

Because of the long incubation period of leprosy and disability caused by it, even mother to fetus transmission has been reported. Thus, this disease causes much alarm. Kurdistan Province, which is located in the Western part of Iran, is one of the regions that have previously suffered from endemic leprosy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the leprosy elimination campaign (LEC) on leprosy case finding in Baneh, Iran, in 2012.
This case series study was conducted in Baneh District. Case finding was performed via LEC method, which is a recommended method for leprosy case finding in endemic areas. The performed steps included public education, and screening families of ex-patients through careful examination, identification of suspected cases, and diagnosis based on specialist’s examination.
The families of ex-patients were assessed and 76 people who had prolonged exposure to ex-patients were invited to be examined by a trained general physician. Subsequently, 50 people were referred to a dermatologist for further examinations, 5 of whom and 1 unexposed person underwent bacteriological test for further evaluation. The results of all the tests were negative.
Active leprosy case finding and use of LEC method require a great deal of money and efforts to identify a small number of patients. Because a district like Baneh is in the process of eliminating leprosy and since the economic and social situation has changed greatly over the past two decades, LEC method is no longer cost effective.

Although vegetables have important role to our diets but in case of infection with microbes they can act as a source of infection for variety of intestinal diseases namely cholera. Present study aimed to figure out the status of vegetable disinfection behavior and its modifiable determinants during cholera outbreak in Qom province in 2011. In a descriptive-analytic study on 554 women (who were household-keeper), vegetable disinfection behavior and its determinants were investigated. In this study, the multistage sampling method was used. A researcher-tailored questionnaire was used to gather data. The valid and reliable questionnaire was comprised of 85 questions and was completed by subjects. Then, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and using Pearson correlation coefficient (CI=95%). The mean and standard error (SE) of age of subjects were about 31.24+-8.45 Women’s knowledge score on use of vegetable disinfectants had a mean and SE of 71.5+-11.65. Altogether, only 15.99% of women (87 persons) reported a complete disinfection of vegetables. The strongest relationship was found between Vegetable disinfection behavior and the perceived barriers that based on Pearson correlation coefficient was a significant but reverse relationship. (r=-0.567, p=0.019). Our findings showed that house-keeping women had a poor behavior regarding vegetable disinfection. Consequently, poorly-disinfected vegetables are still a prominent health problem respecting spread of intestinal diseases especially cholera.

Diabetes is considered as one of the most important health issues in 3rd millenary that the number of the patients is increasing. Self-care has been known as one of the most effective method for The prevention and control of diabetes complications. This research was performed to assess the self-caring grades in diabetic patients who come to Qom diabetes community in 1391. this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study was conducted on 251 diabetic patients referring to the Qom diabetes community and was selected randomly. Demographic and information record checklist and also standard SDSCA questionnaire were used to collect data. Obtained information was analyzed through SPSS software 18 and p value lower than 0.05 was considered as significant level. Results showed a proportion of 32.99% have never performed any self-caring activity and only 7.97% of them followed these every day. The mean values of FBS and HbA1c were 157.74 mg/dl and 7.74 mg/dl, respectively and also self-caring score was 46.53. There was observed a significant reverse association between FBS and HbA1c values. Self-caring is substantially unacceptable in diabetic patients who are under covered of Qom diabetes community and they don’t perform some self-caring actions like diary regime, appropriate exercise, control of blood glucose, foot caring and also taking medicine or insulin injection completely and regular. For this reason, these patients had inappropriate values of FBS and HbA1c.

Postpartum urinary incontinence affects an average of 10 to 40 percent of pregnant women after childbirth. This problem leads to lowering of their quality of life and spending high cost for treatment. The aim of this study was investigation the relationship between the severity of postpartum urinary incontinence and parity in multiparous women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 women who referred to AL-Zahra and Izadi clinic of Qom، Iran in 2012 for treatment of postpartum urinary incontinence. Data gathering tools were two questionnaires named UDI-6 (Urogenital Distress Inventory) and IIQ-7 (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire). Based on the research''s aims، variables such as delivery type، number of children and age were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and Pearson Correlation Coefficient test. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. From 192 studied women، 105 women (54. 7%) experienced natural delivery، and 59 women (30. 8%) experienced cesarean section and the rest were experienced both types of delivery. 66 women (34. 4%) had two children، 35 women (18. 2%) had three children and the rest had more than three children. There was a significant relationship between the severity of urinary incontinence and quality of life (p<0. 001) and the number of children (p=0. 04). Increase in the number of children is not inconsistent with the quality of life، but causes some problems in woman urogenital system. Therefore there is a need to think about increasing the power of the pelvic muscles in order to maintaining the quality of life by exercises before increasing the number of children.