فهرست مطالب ali reza ebadollahi natanzi

With the subsidence of the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and its end, despite the identification of many strengths and weaknesses  of using virtual methods of education at that time, it was expected that this path would have received more attention and transformation. Examining the archive list of journals shows a decrease in articles in this field and it seems that research is moving away from this issue. The past has shown that big events sometimes appear unexpectedly, so the opportunity should not be missed. In the post-corona situation, when tranquillity has been established in the communities, it is the best time to continue planning in order to strengthen the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the best possible application of virtual training and develop appropriate programs and protocols with the approach of medical education. In this regard, we can benefit from the experiences of universities that have been pioneers in this matter in the past. Also, with field research by professors and students, appropriate solutions were adopted to improve the development of educational systems based on virtual space. Also, research in this field can be presented as a lesson unit in students' educational programs.

New attacks of microorganisms have occurred following coronavirus attacks across the world. Millions of people became infected or died during the pandemic. The daily lives of the people were influenced by the consequences on one side and health, economic, social, educational, political, and communicational areas experienced drastic changes on the other side. For this purpose, World Health Organization put on the agenda of social distancing, quarantine, and health protocols to reduce the consequences. On the other hand, the educational and research systems of universities were also affected by the situation. According to the health authorities' instructions, in-person education would be replaced with virtual and distance education and scientific meetings would be held through webinars and video conferences. They had strengths and weaknesses that need further investigation. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for universities to take a different approach to deal with such incidents by integrating lessons learned in the pandemic and addressing weaknesses in education and research.

Carotenoids are pigments with important physiological effects in the human body that are involved in strengthening the immune system and reducing the risk of many diseases, including cancer.

With regard to the importance of these substances and the high content of them in carrots (Daucus carota L.), and in order to identify the most suitable geographical area for obtaining the products with the highest levels of these compounds, the present study was carried out.

Samples were collected and investigated from six major carrot cultivation regions, located in Khuzestan and Isfahan provinces. The effects of climate changes on the amount of these substances were also studied. The extracts were prepared from the samples and the experiments were performed by spectrophotometric method at 663, 645, 480 and 436 nm wavelength, repectively.

The highest mean of total chlorophyll content in leaves (1.42 mg/g) and total carotenoids (54.62 μg/g) and beta-carotene (24.97 μg/g) in plant roots were related to Andimeshk in Khuzestan province, and the lowest amounts of them was related to Dastgerd in Isfahan province with average of 0.61 mg/g, 18.72 μg/g and 1.98 μg/g, respectively.

The results of this study showed that in Khuzestan province, parameters such as temperature (23.5-25 °C), relative humidity (49.5-58 percent) and rainfall (260-570 mm/year) had better conditions for carrot metabolic activity and consequently having caused a significant increase in carotenoids and beta carotene in this plant product.

Considering the trust of different strata of society towards Atari as a focus of traditional herbal medicine and treatment of some unknown diseases due to the use of synthetic drugs as well as herbal compounds, it is necessary to increase the level of awareness and knowledge among Atari. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the level of awareness of Attar in laboratory results and also to identify some of the barriers to them.

 This research was a sectional study and the statistical population was consisted of 40 herbal shops. The data collection was based on questionnaire with 22 questions and included with four aspects which were scored based on Likert's scale (very high: 5, high: 4, middle: 3, low: 2, very low: 1).

 The maximum point obtained from herbalists `response, in four areas was pertained to "tendency for learning the laboratory concepts" and its average was 4.20 ± 0.339 out of 5. The minimum point was related to "the use of herbalist from laboratory results" which was equaled to 3.39 ± 0.527. The average point obtained from total responses, in four areas of study, was 83.38 ± 7.37, out of 110. There was a significant correlation between "the use of laboratory results by herbalists" and two areas: "traditional attitudes" and "their skill problems"(p-value =0.047 & p-value =0.024).

According to the results of this study, the selection of medicinal plants by Atari is not in accordance with the laboratory reports and according to the obtained results, it seems; the laboratory essential educations for herbalists by solving their skill resulting a lesser mistakes of herbalists in proposing plants compounds to people and have a significant role in community health

Psyllium seeds, produced from Plantago ovata Forsk, are an herbal treatment generally used as a laxative. They also reportedly have lowering effects on some metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, lipids and uric acid. In this paper, we report the effect of this herbal medicine in reducing serum uric acid levels, without major adverse effects, in a hyperuricemic patient. Case report: A 51-year-old patient with a history of hyperuricemia (10.5 mg/dL in a recent measurement) gave consent to undergo a 40-day treatment using psyllium seeds with dosage of 83.3 mg/kg. Treatment was given in two 20-day courses: During the first course, the seeds were given daily and during the second course, the same dosage was given every other day. Serum uric acid levels decreased to 8.1 mg/dL and 6.8 mg/dL on the 20th and 40th days, respectively. No major adverse effects were observed, such as skin rashes, digestive disorders, muscular pain, allergic manifestations, abnormalities in liver and kidney function tests, and abnormalities in blood parameters. Psyllium seeds may be effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemia patients,  and major adverse effects are not expected to occur. These data can be used for further research and designing clinical trials.

Medicinal plants have potential to affect therapeutically procedures. In this study, the therapeutical effects of psyllium on a patient with highly increased level of uric acid, creatinine, and urea have been studied.
Case Report: The case was a 50-yr-old woman affected by diabetes mellitus. Her blood biochemical analyses, showed an increased levels of uric acid (9.70±0.30mg/dL), urea (93.00± 3.60mg/dL) and creatinine (2.30±0.20 mg/dL). She was taken allopurinol (100 mg /daily) followed by consumption of 5 gr/daily from psyllium seeds which continued for two consecutive weeks. Then, the levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine were reached the normal value so that their measured levels were 5.60±0.26; 34.00±1.73 and 1.10±0.10 mg/dL, respectively. Psyllium together with allopurinol could also reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in this patient.
We can conclude that psyllium along with allopurinol can synergistically decrease the increased levels of uric acid, creatinine, and urea.

This study investigated the effects of some important meteorological parameters and filler type compounds on phytotoxicity of captain in peach trees in the north of Iran. Captain is a phthalimide fungicide which has frequently been used in northern regions of Iran to control certain plant diseases. This fungicide has caused intense phytotoxicity in peach trees which was first observed in the northern districts of Iran in 2005. Since early research has only reported that some changes in the climate could be associated with this phytotoxic effect and little is known on phytotoxicity of filler in the formulation, therefore, we studied the role of filler in this toxic effect and also its interaction with this phytotoxicity. Filler (calcium carbonate) and climatic parameters, including minimum and maximum temperatures, relative humidity, daily precipitation, and sunshine hour, were analyzed. The means of calcium carbonate concentrations measured by atomic absorption and EDTA analyses were 17.41± 0.4 and 20.93 ± 1.25 µg /ml, respectively. The final ranges of calcium carbonate in formulation were found to be 42-43.5%. pH values were measured from 8.55 to 8.75. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between meteorological parameters in the year 2005 in comparison with previous year (P>0.05). The high amounts of calcium carbonate in the formulation of captain, resulting in alkaline hydrolysis followed by the increasing uptake of thiophosgen in peach trees and consequently interacting with meteorological parameters, have caused a broad spectrum of phytotoxicity in northern areas of Iran.

Polyphenolics form a major part of the dietary antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables have been identified as chemopreventive or anticancer agents. Hydroxychalcones are polyphenols abundantly distributed throughout the plant kingdom and are compounds with two aromatic rings (benzene or phenol) and an unsaturated side chain. In the present study, effect of phloretin (apple major flavonoid), 4-hydroxychalcone and 4' -hydroxy-chalcone were investigated against acetaminophen-induced acute liver damage. The study was designed as multiple dose pre- and post-treatments. Mice were administrated acetaminophen (1g/kg and 640 mg/kg for mortality and acute toxicity experiments, respectively). Mortality rate, serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) and histological examination were applied. Acetaminophen produced 100% mortality at the dose of 1 g/kg in mice, while pre-treatment and post-treatment (i.p., twice daily for 48 hrs) of animals with phloretin and 4-hydroxychalcone (50 mg/kg) and 4'-hydroxychalcone (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced the mortality rate. Acetaminophen produced acute toxicity at the dose of 640 mg/kg in mice, while pre- and post-treatments of animals with phloretin and hydroxychalcones significantly lowered the rise in SGOT and SGPT. Liver sections collected for histological examination showed cellular changes including centrilobular necrosis, extensive portal inflammation, and micro and macro vesicular structures in the acetaminophen group. These cellular changes were reduced following treatment of mice with Phloretin and hydroxychalcones. Taken collectively, from the results of this study it may be suggested that phloretin and hydroxychalcones have hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen liver injury in mice.

1Department of Natural Resources and medicinal plants, Agriculture center for Higher Education,Agricultural Research and Education Organization. Karaj2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.PO Box 13145-784. Tehran, IranIn this study, two different procedures; one using immunoaffinity clean – up and anotherusing mycosep clean- up columns were used. The immunoaffinity and mycosep columnsused in our study were Ochra Test; Ochraprep and the new mycosep 229 ochrarespectively. In all procedures, separations were carried out by high performance liquidchromatography and fluorescence detection. The mean recovery of OTA using theprocedure with mycosep column at spiking level of 30 and 40 µg/kg were 65.1 % with aRSD 11.92 % and 84.52 % with a RSD 9.97 % respectively. The mean recovery of OTAin the other procedures with raisin samples purified on immunoaffinity column in spikinglevels; 7.5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µg/kg varied from 50.96 % to 100.08 % with the RSDranged 5.35% to 36.43%. The limit of detection for the method of ochratoxin A in rasinpurified with mycosep and immunoaffinity column were 20 and 5 µg/kg, respectively.