فهرست مطالب ali reza najafpour

Using a rat ovary model, protective effects of nano-methoxatin (NMXTN) were studied on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Following randomization of forty-eight healthy female Wistar rats ~250 g, the animals were subjected to eight experimental groups (n = 6): Group SHAM: Only laparotomy was performed. Group IS: Only a 3-hour ischemia was performed. Group IS/Oil: Only a 3-hour ischemia was performed and 50 µl soybean oil alone (Solvent of MXTN) was administered 30 min before cessation of ischemia. Group IS/REP: The procedure included a 3-hour ischemia followed by a 3-hour reperfusion and 50 µl soybean oil alone was administered 30 min before cessation of ischemia. Group IS/MXTN: The procedure included a 3-hour ischemia only and 50 µl (0.3 mmol/l/IP) of MXTN 30 min before cessation of ischemia. Group IS/NMXTN: The procedure included a 3-hour ischemia only and 50 µl (0. 3 mmol/l/IP) of NMXTN 30 min before cessation of ischemia. Group IS/REP/MXTN: The procedure included a 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 20 µl (0.3 mmol/l) of MXTN 30 min before cessation of ischemia. Group IS/REP/NMXTN: The procedure included a 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 20 µl (0.3 mmol/l) of NMXTN 30 min before cessation of ischemia. Significantly amended development of ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury was observed in animals treated with NMXTN compared to those of other groups (p = 0.001). Mean values of biochemical indices were significantly higher than those observed for other groups (p = 0.001). Significantly lower values of MDA were observed in IS/REP/NMXTN animals compared to those of other groups (p = 0.001). Where ovarian tissue is exposed to ischemia intraperitoneal administration of NMXTN could bear clinical benefits in diminishing ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The torsion model of testis in a rat was adopted for evaluation of possible effects of propolis (Prop) on ischemia-reperfusion (IS/REP) injury. The healthy male Wistar rats (totally 24 animals) were randomized into four groups (n = 6) and animals experienced bilateral testicular torsions as follows: In sham group just, laparotomy was performed and in IS group, animals experienced a 3 hr period testicular IS. In IS/REP group, a 3 hr period of IS followed by a 3 hr period of testicular REP for left testis and a one-week testicular REP for right testis were done. In this group animals were gavaged by 1.00 mL normal saline 1 hr before the onset of IS. In IS/REP/ Prop group, the same procedures for IS/REP animals were followed as well as gavage of 1.00 mL Prop extract solution 1 hr before the onset of IS. Analyses of biochemistry, histology, inflammatory biomarkers and sperm parameters were carried out. In IS/REP/Prop group, nitric oxide synthase malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanine in IS/REP/Prop group were significantly decreased and, superoxide dismutase, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly increased compared to the other animals. In IS/REP/Prop group, seminiferous tubules (with normal spermatogenesis) showed all stages of spermatogenic cells with plentiful spermatozoa. Tubular deterioration and atrophy and spermatogenic cell loss in were seen in a limited extent. The mean concentrations of Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in IS/REP/Prop were significantly decreased. Sperm quality was significantly improved by Prop in IS/REP/Prop group. It was concluded that Prop could be supportive in diminishing IS/REP injury in testicular tissue exposed to ischemia.

The objective was to evaluate the ability of cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs) in the healing of wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) infection as well as HAMLET sensitization in rats. Fifty healthy male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10), randomly. In the NORMAL group, no infected wounds were treated with a sterile solution of saline 0.9% (0.1 ml). In the PAE group, the wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were only treated with a sterile solution of saline 0.9% (0.1 ml). In the PAE-HMLT group, HAMLET (100 µg) was used to treat infected wounds. In the PAE-CNM group, 1 mg/ml CNPs (0.1 ml) were applied topically to treat PAE-infected wounds. In the PAE-HMLT-CNM group, HAMLET (100 µg) and 1 mg/ml CNPs (0.1 ml) were applied topically to treat PAE-infected wounds. Microbiological examination, planimetric and biochemical showed a significant difference between rats in the PAE-HMT-CNM group in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CNPs could offer the potential to pay more attention to this harmless and easily available agent to be topically applied in wounds with infection.

Testicular torsion and detorsion are significant clinical issues for infertile men. Torsion of the spermatic cord is an emergency condition resulting from the rotation of the testis and epididymis around the axis of the spermatic cord. A rat testis model was used to assess the effects of polyethylene glycol on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats were used. The rats were included and randomized into four investigational groups (n = 6): Group Sham: Merely laparotomy was implemented. Group Ischemia: Merely 3-hour interval ischemia was done. Group IS/REP: A 3-hour interval ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion for left testis, one-week reperfusion for right testis were done and 20 µl normal saline was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 30 min before termination of ischemia. Group IS/REP/PEG: The same as group IS/REP as well as 20 µl PEG solution 3% (IP) 30 min before termination of ischemia. Evaluations were based on biochemical analyses and sperm parameters morphometry. Polyethylene glycol enhanced antioxidant activity and quality of sperm parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, polyethylene glycol could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in testicular tissue exposed to ischemia

One of the most common methods used in horses to restrain them is rolling up their ear’s pinna, which is involved some fracture for the animal, albeit it is convenient. The important defect of this method is the probability of fracture in the ear cartilage. Traditionally used approaches for restraining horses also possessed disadvantages for the animal such as leaving scar tissues and leading to an unfavorable appearance of the horse ear. The present study aims at employing a novel approach to prevent fracture in the horse ear as well as solving other undesirable effects on the animal’s appearance. For this purpose, 5 horses were selected to proceed this investigation, with a weight average of 450 ± 50 kg and an age average of 3-7 years old. After general anesthesia, the area of surgery was prepared and the ear cartilage was immobilized using a Kirschner wire. Afterward, the interrupted suture was utilized to stitch the ear and a radiograph was depicted from the area of Kirschner wire to reassure of proper immobilization of Kirschner wire. The area of surgery was controlled for 21 days in the terms of having infection or inflammatory, and the granulation tissue of the ear. Based on the obtained clinical results in this study, it can be stated that the employment of Kirschner wire exhibited promising results in terms of healing speed, wound quality, final scar and faster return of livestock to daily activity.

The purpose of this study is to define and design organizational learning model among the Iranian state banks employees. The research is carried out in the framework of qualitative approach by using grounded theory method. The Statistical Society of managers and staff of state banks, informants and elites of organizational learning of state banks such as university professors, researchers and those who have information from the structure of these banks which 15 people of them were selected by purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data; simultaneous analysis of interviews was performed using three stages of open, axial and selective coding. According to results, the organizational learning in the Iranian state banks was modeled in 5 category include: casual conditions(Individual skills, Mental models, Financial resources) , context(Cultural context, Political and economic context) intermediaries (Organizational rules, Common vision) , strategies(Performance management, Intellectual capital management, Create learning opportunities, Team learning, Systematic thinking) and results (Develop staff capabilities, Environmental adaption, Organizational success, Social learning).

This paper, is aimed at assessing the learning organization dimensions in Iranian public banks (Melli, Sepah, Keshavarzi, and Maskan). We applied the Watkins and Marsick model, to study the level of organizational learning in above-mentioned banks. The paper, from user view, is an applied and in terms of its goal is a descriptive-survey one. The data were collected through the standardized DLOQ questionnaire which was designed based on seven-dimensional model of Watkins and Marsick. The questionnaire was distributed among 384 of the above-mentioned bank managers and staff   working at the Tehran branches. We used the SPSS software, version 21, to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicated that the public banks in Iran could be evaluated as weak and moderate on the continuum of learning Organization and that they were far from ideal learning organizations. Finally, to deal with the nonconformities with the learning organization specifications and reduce the gap between the current state and the ideal state of learning organization, some courses of action were suggested.

Ovarian torsion must be diagnosed and treated as much early as possible. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of interaperitoneal administration of curcumin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries. Design- Experimental Study  Twent-four healthy female Wistar rats Procedures- Twent-four healthy female Wistar rats weighing approximately 260g were randomized into four experimental groups (n = 6): Group Sham: The rats underwent only laparotomy. Group I: A 3- hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and a 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/R/C: A 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 1 mg/kg interaperitoneal administration of curcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Curcumin treated animals showed significantly ameliorated development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). The significant higher values of SOD, GPO and GST were observed in I/R/C animals compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). The damage indicators (MDA) was significantly lower in I/R/C animal compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). Interaperitoneal administration of curcumin could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.

To investigate effects of intraperitoneally administration of α-tocopherol loaded nanoparticles (TNP) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries.
Thirty-five healthy female Wistar rats ~250g were randomized into seven experimental groups (n = 5): Group SHAM: The rats underwent only laparotomy. Group Ischemia: A 3- hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and a 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/T: A 3-hour ischemia only and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration (IP) of α-tocopherol 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/T: A 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 100 mg/kg IP of α-tocopherol 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/TNP: A 3-hour ischemia only and 1 mg/kg IP of TNP 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/TNP: A 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 1 mg/kg IP of TNP 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia.
Animals treated with αTNP showed significantly ameliorated development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those of other groups (p=0.001). The significant higher values of SOD, tGSH, GPO, GSHRd and GST were observed in I/R/NC animals compared to those of other groups (p=0.001). Damage indicators (NOS, MDA, MPO and DNA damage level) were significantly lower in I/R/NC animal compared to those of other groups (p=0.001).
Intraperitoneal administration of TNP could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.

Objective- To studylocal effect of prostaglandin E1on sciatic nerve regeneration
Design- Experimental study
Animals- Sixty male healthy white Wistar rats
Procedures- Sixty animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 15), randomly: Trasnsected (TC), Sham-operation (SHAM), control (CHIT) and prostaglandin E1treated (CHIT/PGE) groups. In SHAM group after anesthesia left sciatic nerve was exposed through a gluteal muscle incision and after homeostasis muscle was sutured. In CHIT group the left sciatic nerve was exposed the same way and transected proximal to tibio-peroneal bifurcation leaving a 10-mm gap. Proximal and distal stumps were each inserted into a chitosan conduit and filled with 10 µL phosphate buffered solution. In CHIT/PGE group defect was bridged using a chitosan conduit filled with 10 µL PGE. Each group from four group was again subdivided into three subgroups of five animals each and were studied 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery.
Results- In all subgroups behavioral testing and sciatic nerve functional study confirmed faster and better recovery of regenerated axons in CHIT/PGE than in CHIT group (P Conclusions and Clinical Relevance- Response to local treatment of prostaglandin E1 demonstrates that it influences and improves functional recovery of peripheral nerve regeneration.

To assess the neuroprotective effects of local administration of 17- beta- estradiol on nerve regeneration.
Sixty female Wistar rats were overiectomized and divided into four experimental groups (n = 15), randomly: In autograft group a segment of sciatic nerve was transected and re-implanted reversely. In sham-surgery group sciatic nerve was exposed and manipulated. In transected group left sciatic nerve was transected and stumps were fixed in adjacent muscle. In treatment group defect was bridged using a silicon conduit filled with 10 µL (0.1 mg/mL) 17- beta- estradiol. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups of five animals each and nerve fibers were studied in a 12-week period.
Behavioral, functional, biomechanical, electrophysiological and gastrocnemius muscle mass findings and morphometric indices confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in treatment group than in other groups (p Local administration of 17-beta-estradiol improved functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. It could have clinical implications for the surgical management of patients after facial nerve transection.

To assess the effect of heparin binding neurotrophic factor (HBNF) on sciatic nerve regeneration in animal model of rat.
Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups randomly (each group containing 15 animals): Sham operation group (SHAM), autograft group (AUTO), transected control (TC), chitosan conduit (CHIT) and heparin binding neurotrophic factor treated group (CHIT/HBNF). In AUTO group a segment of sciatic nerve was transected and reimplanted reversely. In SHAM group sciatic nerve was exposed and manipulated. In transected group left sciatic nerve was transected and stumps were fixed in adjacent muscle (TC). In treatment group defect was bridged using a chitosan conduit (CHIT) filled with 10 µL (0.1 mg/mL) HBNF (CHIT/HBNF). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups of five animals each and nerve fibers were studied in a 12-week period.
Behavioral, functional, biomechanical, electrophysiological and gastrocnemius muscle mass findings and morphometric indices confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in treatment group than in CHIT group (P=0.001). Immunohistochemical reactions to S-100 in treatment group were more positive than that in CHIT group.
Local administration of HBNF improved functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. It could be considered as an effective treatment for peripheral nerve repair in practice.

The Foeniculum vulgare (FVE), known as fennel, has a long history of herbal uses as both food and medicine. The seed of this plant has been used to promote menstruation, alleviate the symptoms of female climacteric, and increase the number of ovarian follicles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fennel extract effects on serum level of oxidative stress in female mice. Totally, 28 virgin female albino mice were divided into four groups (n = 7). Groups 1 and 2 (experimental groups) were administered FVE at 100 and at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 5 days, interaperitoneally. Group 3 (negative control) received ethanol and Group 4 (positive control) received normal saline. Animals were scarified at 6th day, sera were collected and the level of oxidative stress was determination of using total antioxidant status kit. Data analysis revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean level of serum oxidative stress between four different groups. P value in experimental groups compared to the control group was (P < 0.0001). Fennel extract can decrease the serum level of oxidative factors in female mice; it can be introduced as a novel medicine for treatment of infertility

Osteoartheritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by gradual degeneration of the joint cartilage، osteophyte formation، fibrillation and articular cartilage cracks. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors and promotes regeneration of bones. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PRP on cartilage repair in the osteoarthritis model in rabbits. In this study، 25 white New Zealand rabbits of both sexes were used. The anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint was resisted under general anesthesia. Eight weeks following the operation، they were divided into five groups. The first group served as the control group that received no treatment. The rest of rabbits received autogenic PRP in their joints. The rabbits were euthanized and the joints were sampled for histopathologic study at 8 and 12 weeks post PRP injection. The results proved that the autogenic PRP is rich of growth factors and repairs the degenerated joints histology significantly compared to the control group and is useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis. PRP can be used to treat the joints affected by oateoarhteritis.

The Foeniculum vulgare (FVE) or fennel has a long history of use as both a food and medicine. The seed of this plant has been used to promote menstruation, alleviate the symptoms of female climacteric, and increase the number of ovarian follicles. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fennel extract effects on serum level of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin in female mice. A total of 28 virgin female albino mice were divided into four groups (n = 7). Groups 1 and 2 (experimental groups) were administered FVE at 100 and at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 5 days, intraperitoneally. Group 3 (negative control) received ethanol and Group 4 (positive control) received normal saline. Animals were scarified at 6th day, sera were collected and the level of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin hormones was analyzed using Elisa Kit. Data analysis revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean level of serum estrogen, progesterone and prolactin between four different groups. P value in experimental groups compared with the control groups was (P < 0.0001). Fennel extract can increase the serum level of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin in female mice; it can be introduced as a novel medicine for treatment of infertility.

Currently, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are considered most effective methods for cancer treatment, however these strategies often result in fertility problems. A favorable alternative to prevent fertility loss in cancer patients is the cryopreservation and transplantation of sexual tissues (ovaries and/or testes). There is a low rate of fertilization following cryopreservation of ovaries prior to implantation. Therefore, in our opinion, this low rate is caused by instable blood flow during organ transplantation. Thus, this study researches a canine ovarian model that focuses on direct exposure of ovaries with blood in an experimentally induced sinus-like cavity. We implanted this tissue on the muscular layer of the stomach, which is its most vascularized region. Ovarian transplantation was conducted on T1 animals (n=5), bilateral ovariectomy was performed on T2 animals (n=5), unilateral ovariectomy was conducted on T3 cases and animals in the control-sham group (n=5) did not undergo ovariectomy or transplantation. All isotransplanted ovaries survived. Ovaries resumed follicular growth and revascularization. Transplanted ovaries contained 75%-76% of survived small follicles (pre antral) after 60 days. The ovarian granulosa cells showed considerable resistance against ischemia. After day 30 no statistically significant differences in the level of estradiol and progesterone were observed between T1 animals and the T3 group. T1 animals showed considerably high levels of progesterone and estradiol in comparison to T2 cases. This study showed that using blood sinus method for ovarian isotransplantation helps ovarian tissue to survive from post implantation ischemia which confirms with normal follicles presentation and intact endocrine function of the implanted ovaries.

Nowadays it is proofed that the uterine artery plays essential role in follicular growth and/or post parturition hemorrhagic.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation (BUAL) on follicular fate and the probable histochemical changes of the carbohydrate and lipids in the ovaries of rabbits.

24 mature female rabbits randomized into two test and control-sham groups. Test group subdivided to three groups based on time. Animals in the test group under went to BUAL. The ovaries were processed to histochemical and histomorphometric analyses to evaluate the ratio of lipid carbohydrate and lipase enzyme in follicular cells.

The ovaries from test groups exhibited many atretic follicles in various sizes. BUAL significantly (p≤0.05) increased the rate of atresia in the test groups in comparison to the control-sham cases. This situation was progressed by the time. In the test groups lipid reactions were observed more remarkable in the small atretic follicles in comparison to the large atretic follicles. BUAL elevated the reaction sites for lipase enzyme in the early stages of the atresia in the test group.

Referring to our results BUAL caused significant (p≤0.05) hypo-ovulation by increasing the atresia. Also increasing lipid foci in the first stages of the apoptotic process caused cytoplasmic lipase enzyme evaluation while the lipase enzyme level was decreased by the advancement of the atresia and decreasing of the biological activities in follicular cells.