ali sabernejad alavian

As an attractive, accessible and inclusive environment, the cyberspace has many capacities for the development and expansion of basic human rights and demands regarding them. But in reality and action, the mentioned space has become a tool to violate these rights, and the politicians of "authoritarian" States, with the help of the capacities of this space - especially social networks -, have violated the basic human rights including privacy, right to freedom of information and freedom of expression. The present article, employing the descriptive-analytical methods and with rational induction in the performance of some authoritarian States in the cyberspace, constitutes an attempt in finding cases of human rights violated by the "cyber authoritarianism" of the mentioned governments and the optimal understanding of the threats to the human rights using new technologies and artificial intelligence. The findings of the research indicate that cyber authoritarianism has fundamentally violated human rights by violating data privacy and security, denying free access to information, spreading false information and limiting the right to freedom of expression and that nowadays many states have been busy with establishing grounds in cyberspace for continuation of their authoritarianism by forming special malicious cyber groups such as "Keyboard Army" and using "Trolls" in the way of engineering public opinion and thought, hiding information and giving false information.

Equity has an important role in fulfilling lack of rules in continental shelf.Equity and developments of this principle in delimitation of the continental shelf is indebted to judicial procedure which International Court of Justice in its judicial procedure has presented it with different approaches that has clear crystallized it and has provided high potency of it in absence of rules. In this research, development of equity in delimitation of the continental shelf  from judicial decisions perspectives have been investigated and by reasoning in international court decisions, it was determined that international judicial decisions in presentation and progressive development has had a vital role in the principle discussed and by considering Equity of results-oriented and its  reform approach and with employing new Modified Equity approach of has make ruling, development and making it more practical in delimitation in the zone mentioned.

“Proportionality” has an important role in In implementing the "Equity" in the delimitation of the Maritime Boundaries. This principle is considered as a measure of equitable for Maritime delimitation. Proportionality and developments of this principle in delimitation of Maritime Boundaries is indebted to judicial procedure which International Court of Justice and other courts and tribunlas in its judicial procedure has presented it with different approaches and with transit through different stages, crystallized its.In this research, development of Proportionality in delimitation of Maritime Boundaries from judicial decisions perspectives have been investigated and by reasoning in international court decisions, it was determined that international judicial decisions in presentation and progressive development has had a vital role in the principle discussed and has made it as an equitable standard of delimitation of Maritime Boundaries.