ali safavi

 Diabetes is one of the main problems of health systems and a global threat to public health that has increased dramatically over the past two decades. Patients with diabetes are susceptible to multiple complications, such as diabetic foot ulcers. A diabetic foot ulcer is a common diabetes complication that has shown an increasing trend over the past decades. In treating diabetic foot ulcers, using ulcers with wound treatment is one of the critical challenges for therapists. So far, the dressing that meets all the requirements for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers has not been produced, and the proper choice of sauce depends on the type and stage of the wound, the spread of the injury, the patient's condition, and the tissues involved.

 The present study was conducted using the one-blind clinical work method on 80 diabetic patients referred to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences supervised clinics; 40 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated and compared to algae, and 40 patients with alginate dressing. The information collected was analyzed using Chi-Square and T statistical tests.

There were no significant differences in gender, education level, marital condition, land disease, wound time, size, and secretion. In comparing the body mass index, there was no significant difference between the two groups in consequence of wound healing. The recovery percentage in the Alji Pad group was significantly better than in the alginate group. Also, the number of sessions for each patient in the Alji Pad group was considerably lower than in the alginate group. In reviewing the Push scoring process, we evaluated the fifth referral. Because in both groups, most people went to the fifth session. We used repeated measurement analysis. The results showed that the recovery process was good in the two groups (P <0.001), but the recovery in the Alji Pad group was significantly faster than in the alginate group.

 Algae Pad dressing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is a simple and practical method that, according to the study of the cost of treatment, the duration of treatment is preferable to the conventional alginate dressing method.

Problem StatementWhile cycling in Iran has received the verbal attention of some managers in recent years, in practice, the necessary physical and cultural changes are not observed in cities. Some larger cities are trying to invest more in cycling development, seeking to develop better infrastructure standards and improve the cultural environment. Facilitating cycling for children is of strategic importance in the development of cycling culture. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to issues such as reforming protection laws, social incentives, separating the bike path and improving the quality of infrastructure, in the form of a comprehensive program.Research GoalThe main purpose of this research is the pathology of cycling development in the native conditions of the country with emphasis on primary schools. In this research, by identifying obstacles and offering suggestions in the field of improving cultural and social conditions, quality of roads, creating a parking lot for bicycles and some other cases, attempts are made to find realistic solutions to improve the attitude of adults to encourage their children to use bicycles for school and in-neighborhood access.Research MethodsThrough documentary studies and frameless interviews, 14 variables in children's cycling preferences were identified. Then, through a structured questionnaire, with the participation of 256 respondents from 7 schools, the variables were statistically measured and by exploratory factor analysis, the topics were analyzed based on 4 factors; individual, environmental, social and functional.Findings and ResultsFunctional factors not only had the greatest impact on the development of cycling, but also on the promotion of other indicators. Also at the end, through explanatory-exploratory analyzes, a model for improving children's cycling preferences was designed and explained.

Increasing the number of vehicles on the streets is called the problem of urban traffic congestion. One way to solve this problem is to control the timing of traffic lights. In this research, the model used is the green-red space model and the yellow light as a third color has been added to the modeling. To control the illuminated intersection, a fuzzy amplifier-learning controller is used, the core of which is the Fuzzy Q-Iteration algorithm. The length of each street queue is considered as a fuzzy variable. The controller generates a control signal according to the length of the queue behind the light. The output control signal is the duration of the green light on each street during a cycle. The results show that the proposed controller had a similar or better performance than the fixed time controller ratio with the vehicle waiting time criterion. At high input current rates, controller performance has improved significantly in reducing waiting times. In addition, the queue length on streets with high input flow rates is reduced because the agent tries to generate a larger control signal on high flow rates streets, which means more green time for that street. According to the proposed model, the number of cars on each street of the smart intersection does not exceed about 30 cars.

Place attachment is one of the fundamental concepts in people-place relations, which has attracted many Iranian researchers in recent years. These studies began in the 2000s, with each researcher having their own views about the concept. A coherent, systematic approach is, therefore, missing, with some aspects widely studied and others neglected altogether.The present study seeks to systematically provide a comprehensive picture of knowledge about this concept, through a survey of 32 Iranian articles in the field, spotting less developed dimensions. These papers include all the articles published in domestic scientific journals with a focus on place attachment since 2009. The research uses meta study strategy throughout.The results indicate that the highest attention is paid to individual and social dimensions of place attachment, with those focusing on the place and process of attachment overlooked. Most of the studies are on the neighbourhood scale, followed by residential complex and city scales. Most recurring are topics concerning identification and assessment of factors, and others include relations between place attachment and other concepts, models for processes of place attachment, and the consequences.

Intelligent transportation system is an effort to reduce traffic, travel time, thereby reducing environmental pollution. One of the solutions to reduce transportation pollution is to make the transportation system smart for users to find the optimal route, because multi-modal transportation plays an important role in passenger movement. It also manages transportation and reduces travel demand. Intelligent transportation systems have made it possible for different sectors to interact with each other. This paper aims to identify contributions of IoT factors in multi-modal mobility to find the optimal path using an umbrella review method. To achieve this, a set of studies focusing on the Internet of Things in multi-modal mobility in different fields were investigated. The sample includes 14 qualitative and 14 quantitative papers. For qualitative papers, conceptual codes were extracted. Then the significance coefficient of each variable was measured using Shannon entropy coefficient. For quantitative papers, after extracting codes and conducting inferential analysis of data using funnel plot, Egger's linear regression, publication bias and heterogeneity Q test, the effect of each of the independent variables along with the dependent variable was measured. Findings reveal that in qualitative papers, "geographical information and timetable for mobility modes" are ranked first and "the amount of electronic facilities and equipment" and "reducing route length and distance" are ranked second. In quantitative papers, the "time to reach destination", "time and volume of traffic", "number of public and private transportation stations", and "reduction in route length and distance" appeared to have a great effect on mobility.

The importance of inclusive access to urban spaces has become important due to the rapid growth of urbanization in recent years. Inclusive design and planning create equal opportunities for all groups of citizens, regardless of their personal limitations and abilities. According to the principles of inclusive cities, all groups of citizens, including people with disabilities (PWDs), should have equal rights to access urban spaces. According to the rules of inclusive cities, all groups of citizens, including PWDs, should have the right to access and be present in urban spaces; but this is not the case in cities of our country, including Tehran.

This research aims to investigate the role of technology in urban inclusiveness, with an emphasis on the presence of PWDs in urban spaces.

The research goal is met by using a descriptive-survey research method following two main consecutive steps: meta-analysis and review of the international library documents related to the research subject and then analysis of the findings of a questionnaire with 80 participants with disabilities in Tehran city.

The research findings confirm that all participants in the study face many challenges in participating in urban spaces. The results of the questionnaire show that 82% of the participants use smart electronic devices more than five times a day, and the examples of using assistive technology are attractive to over 90%. Finally, it is anticipated that the use of such technologies will facilitate accessibility and increase the presence of PWDs in the city. This article introduces three new approaches: inclusive smart city (ISC), application of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and E-inclusion.

The chaos of urban facades in the current state of Tehran is exposed to the eyes of citizens. To tackle this problem, many articles and books have been written and several national conferences have been held. With the initial search and review of these studies, it can be seen that most of them focus on the desirable quality of urban facades and have neglected the facade production process and its procedural dimensions. In this regard, the main goal of this article is to identify and explain the position of human resources and organizations involved in the process of constructing urban views and analyzing procedural challenges in it. For this purpose, in this article, articles related to urban views in Iran were extracted by reviewing databases such as Civilica, Mogiran, Nurmagz, Jihad Academici, and Google search engines. In the next step, considering the titles of the articles and reviewing their abstracts, the articles related to the process of facade productionwere separated and evaluated. In addition to categorizing the content of related articles and evaluating and analyzing their content, a questionnaire with open and closed questions has been randomly completed in Tehran to complete and stabilize the obtained information. The obtained information is analyzed by methods such as exploratory factor analysis, PCA method, and Friedman’s test is used to prioritize these factors. Also, the thematic analysis method and the usage of Atlas Ti9 software are used to analyze the open questions. Finally, concerning the analysis, human resources and organizations involved in the process of constructing urban facades and their areas in three dimensions, management-executive (urban management and executives and contractors), cultural-educational (people and designers), and economic (investors) have been categorized and prioritized and the challenges related to each of the human factors and intervening organizations have been identified separately.

Visiting the family can have a great impact on hospitalized patients. Investigation of these effects is necessary to provide better care for patients admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU).

This randomized clinical trial study was performed in the Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. Sixty-two CCU patients were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The scheduled family visit was performed twice a day, 60 minutes each time, for 3 days in the evening and night shifts for the intervention group. The routine family visit was used for the control group. Data were collected by a satisfaction questionnaire and a checklist on vital signs. Data were analyzed using the chi‑square, t-test, and generalized estimating equations (GEE).

In the intervention group, unlike the control group, there was a significant difference between the mean heart rate and systolic blood pressure of patients during different times (P < 0.000). Also, the level of satisfaction was higher in the intervention group than controls (P < 0.000).

This study demonstrated that scheduled family visits not only did not interfere with patients' vital signs but also increased their satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to design appropriate visitation policies for patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit.

Iranian Islamic culture can be appointed as an opportunity to promote urban design projects’ quality of implementation. Every community’s cultural brief can be traced in its economical, social structure. Theoretical and practical principals of Islam religion in compound with cultural conditions could lead to some executive policies in different important arena such as economical, political and social. These can promote each countries development in different aspects. Urban design projects needs efficient, smart and keen observing management system to be implemented well. Complicated process of an urban design project can be fulfilled and delivered only in this condition.
“Urban Design is a political and not a technical issue. The technical aspects are very simple. The difficult decisions relate to who is going to benefit from the models adopted”. ENRIQUE PENALOSA says. In Iran urban management system as the only permissive system for defining and ratifying urban design projects, has the main role to have these projects implemented. Municipalities as the most important external parable of urban management system must define the projects on the base of real scope of the city, for instance considering the environmental, infrastructural, social and economical conditions and capacities of a city. So you can predict a project as a feasible plan.
Scrutinizing the main challenges of implementation of urban Design plans and the feasibility of them in Iran, some points can be mentioned such as; weaknesses of the quality of implementation, over length of the implementing process or even not finishing or abandoning a project, and in many cases providing several parallel plans for some specified subjects of urban design project. This condition leads to consuming so much time and expenses and other sources in vein. So the subject of plans feasibility in urban design, as a main part of urban design process, is considered not only un-negligible but also vital.
Research method On the base of the researches done by the author, the organizational system of urban developing management, due to its important role of coordinating other Interfering factors in development of the city, can be identified as the most important and influencing factor of urban design implementation process. In this article for increasing the validity of results, several methods have been used for collecting data. Studying related law materials and urban design projects, interviewing urban managers and professionals and experts. The qualitative and quantitative data and facts which have been collected and analyzed and presented via different tablets and models tells us that urban management system due to its important role of coordinating other interfering factors in the process of physical development of the city is that important if you ignore it, you might lose the best opportunities to promote the urban public spaces quality. Via the capabilities of the knowledge of urban design as an effective tool our cities can turn into better places to live. Of course it depends on how well you interface the cultural context of the area that is to be designed. Not studying well about social and cultural context of a society not only leads to spending time and money in vein but also by spoiling the knowledge of urban design and its policies for developing some area of a city can lead to a mall urban design project that ruins the townscape. Consequently people in this situation are unsatisfied with their cities decision makers and everyone who is concerned with the problem. In this condition the city managers would lose their social supports for the other coming projects.
Defining the Problem Achieving good urban space is based on handling good urban design that is based on how deep we think about and how serious we take the procedural aspects of this interdisciplinary knowledge- profession. According to Lang (1994) a complete urban design process includes five steps; 1- intelligence that involves perception of problem,2- goals and design program 3- design that present different possible solutions 4- choice; prediction and evaluation of performances 5- implementation. Operation and post operation evaluation. Considering this kind of classifying we can see that the role of urban development management system can be recognized in each very step. The quality and intelligence of this management system and how it deals with these five steps defines and guarantees the quality of design outcome and the quality of city spaces. A smart urban manager must be keen observer to the cultural and social context of the city. Evidences show that in Iran and other developing courtiers lots of efforts have been taken to rectify the operation of urban management system, specifically thorough promoting related law materials. In this research we are trying to patalogize the challenges of this subject in one hand and in the other hand presenting some suggestion to improving and rectifying this interaction.
Literature Review Considering the main axis of urban design programs’ feasibility, the effectiveness of management can be ranked as the most important factor. In reality the urban design output in the form of maps and plans get delivered to the urban management system to be implemented. So that’s why the effectiveness of management can be ranked as the most important factor. Nevertheless the management system isn’t disconnected with the process of providing and ratifying the urban design plans, but its main role is when a plan is going to be implemented.
Some urban design pioneers have pointed to different aspects of this subject especially after the 1970’s. In fact the first important step the hold of a conference named “urban design in practice” in 1982. Most of the participants such as Lynch, Pitas and Robertson were emphasizing on promoting some kind of more practical thought about urban design. They were all agreed that educational system must take the executive issues and law materials more serious in urban design university courses. Hildebrand is also in the book of “urban design; toward a more sustainable form” has emphasized on the necessity of political support for implementing urban design projects. In this book it been noticed that implementing a strategic urban design plan like a regeneration plan might takes time more than 20 years. So implementation of such a plan doubtlessly needs the political support of urban management authorities.
Punter and Carmona have also pointed to this matter in their book “The design dimensions of planning” (1997) they introduced urban design as a highly contentious action. They believe that only a good urban design governance can mediate between different contradictory stakeholders property by studying cultural and social context deeply. However at the end we point to the perfect word of sophie (2005) says; space is not just a passive place for supporting social interaction, but it is shaped by peoples behavior. In fact it means that space is simultaneously the vein and the consequent of social interaction so that it is important for urban mangers and also urban designer and the planners to study about social and cultural context of the area of selected urban design site.

This study has been carried out in order to investigate the effects of type of phase change materials on the thermo-regulating performance of clothing. Three systems of clothing with the same construction are chosen and their effects on the temperature response of the body (skin temperature changes) during the activity under a defined scenario are investigated. One of the clothing systems is normal (without PCM, i.e. phase change material), the other one is incorporated with PCM with a melting point of 18°C and the third one is incorporated with PCM with a melting point of 28°C. The skin temperature which is mainly affected by the physiological response of the human body is recorded by an on-line measuring system in the field room. Experimental results showed that PCM can affect the thermo-regulating performance of clothing. Furthermore, PCM with a melting point of 28°C shows a more significant effect than PCM with a melting point of 18°C. On the other hand, under cold environmental conditions (-5°C) and during activity of body, PCM with a melting point of 28°C decreases the fluctuations of temperature more than PCM with a melting point of 18°C. Finally, results of this research show that the type of PCM affects the skin temperature of the body. By this method, it is possible to design smart protective clothes with desired level of comfort.

To prevent and control the cancers in Iran, the Iranian Department of Health has released the cancer rates data of the country. As the report has suggested, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer would be the most rapidly increasing among all the cancers. The study has aimed to carry out a qualitative assessment of thyroid cancer in Iran, during the 2004 to 2009, in a cross-sectional setting. The incidence rates, the trend of individual provinces, the mean age at which the disease occurred, the correlation between incidence rate and median urinary iodine concentration were the parameters evaluated in our study. The average annual incidence rate during these six years was 2.17 per 100000. Chaharmahal-o-bakhtiari, had the highest incidence rate, but the East Azerbaijan provinces had the lowest incidence rates respectively. The age of diagnosis was the lowest in Ardebil but the highest in West Azerbaijan. We have assessed the role of median urinary iodine concentration in the thyroid cancer trend, and have found a positive correlation between them (p-value=0.025). Presently, the only recognized measure procedure for reducing thyroid cancer risk would be perhaps the correction of median urinary iodine concentration. Further researches have seemed to be required for investigation the other factors, in order to introduce preventive measures in Iran.

The main purpose of this studyisinvestigated the impact of fluctuations in oil revenues and effects of tax revenues in the budget deficit simultaneously. Also in this study we has been used a multilayer neural network (MLP) as a powerful tool for the simulation of nonlinear andfluctuations behavior to simulate the impact of changes in oil and tax revenues on the budget deficit. Results showthat 13 to 26 percent increase in tax rate can improve budget deficit، in a manner that 26 percent increase in the tax rate will have the greatest improvement in the budget deficit. The budget deficit gets worse for upper than 26 percent increase in tax rate. For example 31 percent increase in tax rate can increase budget deficit in 30 percent. In other scenario we investigate that30 percent decline in oil revenues must be at best 60 percent tax rate increase to 80 percent the size of the budget deficit wills improves. This reflects theheavydependenceof budget deficit on oil revenues and the low effects of tax revenues on budget. Also in the other scenario the results show that if the oil revenue decreases 30 percent، even with a 10 percent increase in tax rate، the government deficit will increase into twice. This is due to reduced government revenues resulting from declines in oil revenues due to decreased investment and lower total production. In addition to thesefindings، the results ofthis study indicate that، the improvement in the budget deficit by growth rate increases until a threshold point. After this threshold point، the rate of improvement in the budget deficit is reduced by growth rate increases. The reason for thiscan be government expenses behavior، government spending increases withincreased in income. Assuming no changes in tax rates and oil revenues،the economic growth rate of 7. 8percent (threshold point)، budget deficit، 70 percent will improve.

The relationship between asthma and sinusitis has been proposed in many reports but the role of sinus surgery in their treatment is still controversial. Therefore, the effect of functional sinus surgery in patients with controlled asthma was evaluated. Fifty six patients with a history of sinusitis in whom maximum medical treatment had failed and also those with a history of asthma who were in a stable condition at time of surgery and were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery were selected. All those who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were re-evaluated at last one year later for pulmonary and sinus status. The patient's characteristics were prospectively recorded during the study period from January 2007 to November 2009. Finally, the results of the assessments were analyzed. Among 56 studied patients, 35 (62.5%) were female and 21 (37.5%) male. Preoperative imaging, evaluated according to Lund Mac Kay score, had a mean score of 19.5±5. The average effect of FESS in asthma improvement was 69.6%. Asthma improvement had a significant relationship with the duration of asthma and sinusitis before surgery. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery can effectively treat sinusitis in asthmatic patients. Earlier intervention in the course of pulmonary disease may warrant a better outcome.