فهرست مطالب ali saffari

Success in the reintegration of prisoners into society is dependent on various factors, and recent research in this field has explored different aspects. One overlooked dimension, until now, by criminologists is financial literacy and its relationship with crime recidivism rates and return to prison. The primary hypothesis of this research is that financial literacy, as a crucial economic concept, is inversely related to the rate of crime recidivism. Individuals with better financial literacy are capable of managing wealth effectively and improving their economic status, potentially reducing the likelihood of committing crimes, especially those related to economic needs. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed to examine the main and sub-hypotheses. The research utilized the Shapiro-Wilk test on a community sample, and all stages were executed using SPSS24 software. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between examined variables, including education level, age, marital status, and financial literacy. Furthermore, the results demonstrate an inverse relationship between financial literacy and the rate of crime recidivism and return to prison. The study also reveals that criminals involved in fraud have higher levels of financial literacy compared to thieves. It appears that providing financial and economic literacy education alongside vocational skills training constitutes a significant portion of effective rehabilitation programs. This education equips prisoners with the necessary skills for managing limited financial resources and prevents them from falling into immediate hardships upon release.

warning citizens about the passing of preventive text messages is considered as one of the passive or passive prevention measures. Prevention and self-protection are taught to the citizens. Currently, FATA police and the Vice-President of Social Affairs and Crime Prevention of the Judiciary, with such an approach, are trying to avoid sending text messages containing warnings, the ability of citizens when It increases exposure to criminal attacks and provides opportunities to prevent crime or reduce the harmful effects of crime. Despite this, there are questions that basically, how do citizens deal with warning and preventive text messages? Is the citizens' view of these text messages learning and educational?

In this article, using a self-made questionnaire and a survey of 177 residents of Tehran, an attempt was made to determine people's views on the crime prevention messages produced and sent by the police or the social and crime prevention department. be evaluated.

The findings of the study show three types of reactions from citizens to preventive text messages. A group of citizens, while positively evaluating these text messages, increase the awareness and level of caution of citizens from the beneficial consequences of text messages. The second category, by emphasizing the negative and harmful effects of sending text messages, are against their educational and preventive consequences, and on the contrary, the bulk sending of text messages and their receipt by criminals leads to the development of criminal creativity and They consider the change and development of criminal methods, and finally, the third category's approach is neutral towards text messages.

The present research evaluates the feedback of warning text messages among citizens, the necessity of improving the quality of preventive teachings by improving the content of text messages, creating a basic distinction between preventive warnings and promotional text messages sent to citizens and building trust in the use of these It emphasizes text messages.

 The outbreak of Covid-19 has severely affected the world since 2020, and preliminary evidence suggests that one of these effects is a reduction or increase in crime rates. It affected his life and daily activities. Because the issuance and execution of these orders at different times and in different ways influenced people's lifestyles, a natural laboratory was created to test some related criminological theories to explain the changing rate of "crimes".

In the present paper, the effect of health protocol implementation, especially social distance, on the rates of child abuse, theft, punishment, punishment and harassment, conflict and network fraud (computer) in the provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchestan has been studied by examining a number of criminological theories. The data of the above crimes are related to both the period before and after the outbreak of Covid 19, which were obtained through the Statistics and Information Technology Center of the Judiciary. Intermittent time series method has been used to analyze the data. 

 Based on the research findings, the percentage of decrease or increase in crimes studied during the two periods before and after the outbreak of the disease shows that the average for the three crimes of child abuse (-8/75), conflict (-8/29), bag Obligatory women (-26/01) show a decreasing trend. That is, the mentioned crimes have decreased in the post-epidemic period based on the average obtained in all the studied provinces. However, when examining the provinces, it is clear that some provinces, such as Kurdistan (in terms of child abuse and quality of women and forced labor), Mazandaran (in terms of conflict crimes and the quality of women in the post-conflict period, in East and South Africa) Have increased. In contrast, the average for all the provinces studied, for the two crimes of robbery (3/34) and network fraud (16/03), has increased in the post-outbreak period of 19. It turns out that the rate of these two crimes in the provinces of Khorasan Razavi, Sistan and Baluchestan and Mazandaran has decreased in the post-outbreak period.

Finally, it is concluded that the prevalence of Covid 19 and social distancing have changed the pattern of daily activities and the opportunity structures created as a result of these changes have changed the rates of child crime, harassment, punishing, and impunity and conflict, as opposed to cybercrime. And رTheft has been committed during the two periods before and after the outbreak of the coup d'état.

The prevalence of Covid-19 infectious disease and social distance have had a profound effect on the rates of various crimes. In this article, we try to influence the current situation on the rates of some crimes such as Theft, Intentional serious bodily injury, Drug addiction, Organized fraud, Disruption of public order and comfort, Child abuse, Participation in mass conflict, Snatching and pick pocketing in Tehran province and severa l important cities of this province, namely Tehran, Damavand, Shahr-e Rey, Shahriyar, Pakdasht, Islamshahr, Varamin and Mallard should be studied. Initially, the data related to the crimes studied in this study, which were reported to the police in Tehran province in the days after the spread of the disease and the beginning of measures related to social distancing and in the period from March 2019 to the end of October 2020, were collected through official institutions. Then, the available data related to the mentioned crimes with the same period in the previous year, i.e., the beginning of July 2019 to the end of February 2019 were collected in the same province. In order to better understand how the current situation affects the crime rate, the data related to several important cities of this province were separated from each other and then both periods were compared in terms of changes in the number of crimes studied in the cities in this study. Descriptive statistics method was used to analyze the data. To compare the situation of cities and Tehran province in terms of crime before and after the corona, the index of relative growth of crime in the post-corona period compared to before the corona has been calculated. The prevalence of Covid-19 disease and the social order of social distancing have had different effects on different crimes. During the outbreak of this disease, all the crimes studied in the present study in Tehran province decreased and only the crime of drug addiction increased. The change in crime rates, both in Tehran province and in different cities of this province, varies depending on the type of crime. Findings confirm that social constraints have changed the patterns of daily activities and the opportunity structures created as a result of these changes have changed the crime rate. These findings underscore the need for public awareness of the increased risk of domestic violence, especially child abuse during outbreaks, the need to strengthen education on how to respond more effectively and safely to social emergency requests, and the encouragement of domestic violence reporting, provide facilities for faster reporting of domestic violence and child abuse, launch online social assistance services, build happy television programs, and increase alternative forms of empowering community observers.

Considering the increasing rate of juvenile delinquency in today's societies, recognizing the causes and factors of their delinquency and preventing it is one of the most important policy priorities of countries. To find out the causes of their delinquency, theorists have speculated and put forward various reasons, the most important of which is childhood victimization. Depending on the extent of the damage to the physical, mental, and emotional health levels of children and adolescents, victimization can lead them directly to commit a crime or indirectly cause their delinquency through the destructive psychological and physical effects it leaves behind.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and to prove the research claim, a review was conducted by reviewing the theoretical foundations and using a descriptive-analytical method. Also, 74 children and adolescents of Tehran Correctional Center were interviewed in the year and a standard questionnaire was distributed to assess the level of victimization, self-esteem and anger management skills. Data obtained using Spss software.

After proving the correlation between victimization and juvenile delinquency, measures were taken to prevent the initial and recurrent victimization of this group and prevent the aggravation of injuries and the effects of victimization on them. Also, solutions have been proposed that can prevent their delinquency in the future. Finally, considering that providing a solution without knowing the way to reach it and the institutions in charge of its implementation, has no practical and practical application. Institutions that can play a key role in implementing preventive approaches were introduced

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental disorders and drug abuse in prisoners who commit violent crimes. In the present study, two groups of violent crime prisoners without drug abuse (58 people) or with drug abuse (137 people) were studied as a sample. The statistical population of the present study consisted of prisoners in Mashhad Central Prison.

Data analysis was performed using discriminant analysis and binomial test. The research tool was Millon questionnaire and data analysis was performed with SPSS.25 software.

Based on the findings, it was found that the difference between the ratio of violent crime prisoners with drug abuse and without drug abuse is statistically significant (P<0.01). Also, the present study showed that there is a significant difference in prisoners of violent crimes without drug abuse and with drug abuse in all mental disorders (P<0.01). In schizoid, antisocial, paranoid, anxiety, and depressive disorders, violent inmates with drug abuse have a higher average than inmates without drug abuse. Ethical considerations: In all stages of writing the present study, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have also been observed.

The results showed that mental disorders, especially antisocial and paranoid disorders, had the power to predict drug abuse. Thus, there is a significant relationship between mental disorders, drug abuse and committing violent crimes. According to this fact that this relationship is criminalized, it should be considered by the criminal justice system.

Rationality is the factor which can limit the beneficial interventions and interference of the authorized politicians. However, although all different political systems are influenced by rationality, super rationalization makes the process of criminal policy making inefficient. Super rationalization is the result of extreme attention to some limited aspects of rationality while ignoring the other aspects of it by the politicians for interests of their own and their political parties. This is caused by the subjective prejudices of those politicians. In sum, the present article with regard to the theory of mixed rationality heavy of Snellen tries to study and investigate the position of rationality in the process of policy making of Iran. The aim is to discuss the arise of super rationalization. The results suggest that “super rationality” has, at least in some cases, made Iran's criminal policy system effective by maximizing the intervention of political leaders in the policy-making process and the application of super political, moral, and religious rationality. In a way, rational criminal policy has changed the nature of irrational criminal policy. Accordingly, the application of “mixed rationality” through reviewing the traditional elements of policy-making and strengthening the presence of professional elites and civil society in it, can be a solution to the problem of super rationality in the Iranian policy-making system

According to one of the accepted principles of criminal law, the principle of the coincidence of the material and mental element, the mere existence of these two does not suffice for the fulfillment of the crimes that require both elements, but their coincidence is also necessary. On the other hand, the logic is scientific that keeps ideas from falling into error by providing a proper definition of surrounding concepts. The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of the coincidence between elements in some of the logical ideas presented by the elders to determine which of them provides a better concept than coincidence for lawmaking. It helps to protect the realities and social interests while protecting the basic principles of criminal law and the penal system would be better achieved with its supreme goal of justice. Thus, in this article, first, some logical ideas are expressed and then the concept of coincidence is considered from the perspective of these logical ideas. Finally, it becomes clear what logical thought, with its definition of the concept of coincidence, provides context to supply community interests and criminal justice.

Stressing that the consequences of today's social, economic, legal and penal population inflation and overcrowding in prisons, the issue has turned into the most complex challenges in the criminal justice system, the pre-tria detention, one of the main factors is the increase in the penal population it is, in a way that almost a quarter of the total population of prisoners in Iran and the world are the accused arrested.So reducing the number and rate of pre-trial detention, to reduce congestion and improve the criminal population leads.

principles and standards as avoid pre - trial detention , custodial measures as a last resort , make maximum use of non - measures in custody, the principle of innocence , the judicial permission and minimum standards , of the most important principles governing the pre - trial detention in Iran's penal law with international patterns decisive that adherence to the principles of the decline in the intervention of the criminal law, the use of successful experiences of other countries ' policies and strategies to get out of the crisis While ensuring the rights of defendants awaiting trial.

Criminology intends, identify the causes of genesis of violence, as one of the care issues itself, to control the damage caused by violence in the light of this study the question is about the violence of soccer fans and the factors influencing it on the basis of research questions Criminology of violence, by football fans, it has many criminology dimensions.1. Violence of football fans is more legally defined in terms of crimes against property and verbal violence;2. The role of sociological and environmental factors, such as economic factors and situations.is more pronounced in the area of violent altitude of fanatics, as assumptions of research. Different theories in the area of life and society and cognitive society are presented in this regard. In Iran, the type and guilty of this, violence is not, comparable to that of the countries, of the world. However, it is not denied and as a deviate is some cases it takes a criminal color. The present study was conducted on one the methodology of the library and the media combined and integrated among 386 spectators and supports of Esteghlal and Perspolis teams.The findings show that the reasons for violence between, spectators go back to sociological and psychological, issues.Issues such as age, income, leisure time, adaptation of the goals and control and supervision of transportation vehicles and facilities of the stadium along with the views of Clarck and Robert Merton and the special features of the Iranian community can be combined as well as in dependent in the criminology of violence among football fans in Iran. The level of family control, the economic and social base has a significant negative effect and the history of fights, strife, failure and smoking and the criminal record between friends and relatives and criminal record and collective and group depart true, has a positive and significant impact on the violence of the football spectators of the Esteghlal and Perspolis teams of violence.

Smuggling is raised as a major problem in the country. The major reasons for the importance of this issue is a wide range of victims of this phenomenon, especially where the health and food security of the consumers face a serious risk. Various dimensions of quality and quantity of health-focused smuggling, physical and health losses associated with the consumption of these types of goods and the extent of risks arising from the entry, supply and illegal construction of goods in the country, the right to food security and ensuring the health of the consumer reveal the need to take differential penal policy against health-focused smuggling.

This study is of an applied and descriptive-analytic research type. The study was carried out using rules and regulations and library resources and some decrees issued by courts. This study has an educational aspect as well. Findings and

The legislator has provided special and different procedural and substantial provisions for criminal negligence in the Fighting against Smuggling Act, considering the damages and widespread and devastating hazards resulting from illegal entry of these goods, and by adopting a differential and stringent penal policy against the offender and with the approach of support for the victim, by assigning Article 27 of the Law on fight against smuggling to this issue, the perpetrators of this type of smuggling are entitled to bear the penalties for smuggling prohibited goods.

Fear of crime and feeling insecure as e result, is one of social problems in todays societies. The press can play a vital role in producing such a feeling. This paper is therefore, planned to analyze the effect of the press on violence and feeling insecure in the community by first looking at the current literature and then by a survey which tries to evaluate the effect of four variants including the level of the knowledge, sex, education in three different towns (Tehran, Mashhad, Qom) on people. This was carried out in1393 by distributing 180 questionnaires amongst people in the three mentioned towns. The data gathered was analyzed by P-Value and Chi-squared test. The result shows that some of the variants have been effective on feeling insecure and violence, but the others did not have any effect on such a feeling of people studied.

This paper attempts to critically review the existing views in relation to unrestricted right of situational prevention. In order to do this، different viewpoints in favor of the right to take unlimited preventive measures to protect fundamental rights of citizens، are explored in the lights of the legal and juridical ideas as opposed to those in which it is stated that the right to prevention should be limited. It is concluded that although the legality of taking preventive measures even those involving harm to intruders are justified، certain limitations should also be imposed to prevent excessive harm to those who may try to ignore or come over the preventive measures.