فهرست مطالب ali shahnazari

Irrigation and drainage networks contribute to the balance between water resources management and sustainable agricultural development and have valuable effects on the economy and society. Participation of farmers in irrigation and drainage networks increases water productivity and improves agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the participation of users in irrigation network plans is essential as a new approach in water management. In this regard, a research was conducted with the aim of investigating social and economic characteristics and their impact on the participation and success of irrigation and drainage networks, focusing on the Alborz Dam network. The statistical population of this study included 72 farmers who participated in the irrigation and drainage network of Alborz Dam. The results showed that, in terms of social security, the implementation of irrigation network projects has reduced disputes and anomalies among the villagers. In terms of social literacy, farmers have considered the implementation of irrigation network projects to increase awareness in the field of strengthening local institutions. In terms of social participation, the implementation of irrigation network projects has not led to the participation of villagers in other village affairs. In general, the implementation of network projects has led to an increase in the price of agricultural land and the growth and revival of agricultural land.

Many theories are found for subsurface drainage system design (Kumar et al., 2013). These were formulated by some of the soil characteristics that are important in designing and operating drainage systems. Most of these formulas have simplified and just involved flow parameters or assumed soil media as a maximum of two layers. In paddy fields, used equations for water table depth prediction have no accordance with field condition. Due to specific flow situations in these fields, much difference was observed in results (Darzi-Naftchali et al., 2013). The differences were because of special layered soil in paddy fields and soil hydraulic characteristics, hardpan layer existence formed in long cultivation and tillage, its effect on flow, and of course, lack of a suitable formula for these fields. So, designing rules for subsurface drainage in paddy fields needs investigation and implementation of new relations to predict the flow pattern suitably. Determination of design criteria and suitable formulas needed to predict flow network around drain tubes. Jafari-Talukolaee et al. (2017) reported in predicting water table profile between bilevel subsurface drainage in paddy fields due to the existence of resistance in vertical flow direction based on soil layers, and field results have no suitable agreement with analytical solution. Darzi-Naftchali et al. (2013), analyzing the effect of subsurface drainage systems on water balance and water table in paddy fields for a successive rice and canola cultivation season, obtained that shallow drainage systems were more influenced than deep drainage systems in water table control. The flow pattern of water towards the drain tube and the components of the flow network are the basis of the drainage system design. By determining the flow path towards the drains and the water table profile variation, the distance and depth of the drains in paddy fields can be determined with greater accuracy.

The present study aimed at investigating the productivity and energy indicators of rice, wheat, fodder corn, seed corn and citrus fruits in Tajan Plain during 2022-03. Sampling was done based on 300 designed questionnaires. The collected information included man-days, working hours of machinery, fuel consumption of machinery, application of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium fertilizers, application of various types of chemical pesticides, including herbicides (in L/ha), the amount of applied water (m3/ha), the amount of seeds (k/ha), and the crop yield (k/ha). Results showed that the highest amount of energy in the input energy sector for rice was (593256 mega Joules per hectare, (MJ/ha), output energy for fodder corn (141795 MJ/ha), net energy for fodder corn (110758.53 MJ/ha) and energy efficiency was also for fodder corn (1.1 kg/MJ). Also, it was found that in all the products, the four inputs of water consumption, nitrogen fertilizer, machinery and fuel had the highest amounts. Results of water showed that the highest productivity in the Tajan plain was related to fodder corn and citrus (6.3 and 5.3 kg/m3), and the lowest productivity was related to rice (0.5 kg/m3). Also, the productivity of wheat and grain corn was 2.6 and 1.8 kg/m3, respectively. In general, to increase the productivity of lands and products in terms of productivity and energy indicators, it is necessary to use plants with appropriate yield, highest level of productivity, and lowest level of input consumption. Among the researched products, fodder corn had more suitable conditions than other products for increasing the cultivated area, due to its great impact on ensuring food security and reducing the need for livestock and poultry consumption inputs.

The purpose of the current research was to present a model of individual and social ethics education that is the basis for the emergence based on the identification of the dimensions and components of the individual and social ethics education that is the basis for the emergence.

From the point of view of the nature and method of data collection, the current research is descriptive-survey and the research strategy is mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The studied community were the experts of religious and cultural organizations and sampling was done in a targeted way and a total of 25 people were selected. After defining the subject and conducting exploratory, library and analytical studies of Islamic texts related to moral education, the dimensions and components of the variables were collected through the Delphi method and a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed based on qualitative statistical methods by the software (Spss 22) and finally The fit of the model reached the consensus of the experts. Further, the confirmatory factor analysis of each of the research variables was performed by software (PLS 3).

According to the findings, the model of human excellence has 5 dimensions (individual ethics, social ethics, social behavior, social cognition and social feeling) with 18 components (individual piety, individual guidance, compliance with duties and mustahabbs, modesty, perseverance, raising the level of education and refinement, love among people, respect and trust among people, scientific and intellectual growth of people, unity and non-divisiveness, comprehensive justice, fighting against class privileges, confronting racial discrimination, eliminating luxury and all-round security, behavioral characteristics, cognitive characteristics and the characteristics of the sense of social ethics).

Since the construction of cross-validity, composite reliability and average variances extracted in the research model were at an acceptable level, a suitable model was recognized.

Investigating the effect of agricultural management methods on the amount of nitrate and urea in the soil has special importance. The purpose of this study is to model and investigate the interrelation of hydraulic, reactivity, and solute absorption variables of different soil depths collected in the year of (2020-2021) from the pilot rice farm located in the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran province, with an area of 0.6 hectares. In this study, the residual moisture of the soil (θr), nitrification rate (kn), and urea hydrolysis rate (kh) variables were modeled based on four, four, and two defined scenarios, respectively, using Wavelet-Artificial Neural Network (WANN), Wavelet- Artificial Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (WANFIS), and Wavelet-Gene Expression Programming (WGEP) models. The results showed that the performance improvement percentage of WGEP models compared to WANFIS and WANFIS model compared to WANN considering the RMSE evaluation index were obtained (16.96, 41.87), (85.72, 1.00), and (20.37, 3.27) for three variables of θr, kn, and kh, respectively. the volumetric residual moisture in the soil, and the urea hydrolysis rate variable is also highly dependent on the residual moisture in the soil. Also, the results showed that the hydraulic variables, reactivity and absorption of soil solutes can be affected by the climatic conditions of the region. Therefore, providing intelligent applicable models to estimate nitrate and urea variables in soil can help managers and farmers in proper management of water and soil resources and optimal use of nitrogen fertilizer with less time and cost.

The increase in the human population and the growth in water consumption on one hand, and the rise in sewage production on the other hand, have led to the expansion of environmental pollution threats. The objectives of the present study include launching a pilot project for the localization of knowledge in the design of artificial wetlands in accordance with the quantitative and qualitative conditions of domestic sewage in Iran (specifically, the dormitory of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in Sari) and investigating the possibility of replacing wetland systems with conventional domestic sewage treatment systems in the country.

This study was conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in Sari, involving the construction of six artificial wetlands, each with a length of 3 meters, width of 2 meters, and a height of 1.5 meters, using reinforced concrete. One of the ponds was excluded from the system due to leakage. Inside the ponds, artificial filters at different depths (1 meter: d1 and 1 meter and 30 centimeters: d2) and plant filters (Phragmites australis: p1 and Arundo donax: p2) were filled and planted. D10 and the coefficient of unifo rmity (CU) of the substrate materials were obtained as 2 millimeters and 3.625, respectively, from the grain size analysis. The hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the substrate were 2.523 cm/s and 39.2%, respectively. The specific surface area (SSA) of the substrate materials was calculated as 1.336 m²/kg (2245 m²/m³ of substrate materials). The effluent from the septic tank of the dormitory's baffled septic tank was injected onto the beds after a settling and dilution stage using a pump. In the initial loading, the beds were submerged below the surface, and a three-day retention time was allowed for the first sampling. Quality parameters of the wastewater, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform (FC), and total coliform (TC), were monitored to assess the performance of the treatment system.

Although the injected wastewater was diluted up to 25%, a significant removal efficiency of 51 to 55, 41 to 79, 74 to 89, 70 to 95.3, and 78 to 95 percent was achieved for BOD, COD, TSS, FC, and TC, respectively, in different treatments. Among the treatments, the weakest performance was associated with treatment P1D2, while the best purification performance was observed in treatment P2D1. This indicates the dominance of the physical characteristics of the systems at the beginning of the startup period on the purification performance. However, the initial performance of the treatment system was very promising and the removal of some parameters such as TSS and FC was at the average level of a full-fledged wetland treatment system.

This wastewater treatment technology is recommended for all managers and experts in the country's wastewater industry, especially in rural areas with inexpensive land and a population of fewer than 5000 people. These conditions encompass all towns, universities, military barracks, and military facilities as well.

The purpose of this study is the effects of the formation of water markets on the improvement of water productivity in the Tajen catchment basin. In this research, a mathematical programming model modeling system and profit maximization objective function were used in MATLAB environment. After simulating the formation of the water market, its impact on physical and economic water productivity indicators was evaluated in two groups including: farms without water restrictions group (A) and farms with water restrictions group (B). Based on the results, forming a water market leads to a 13 percent increase in profit in group (A) and 30 percent in group (B). According to the results, the formation of the water market reduces and increases the amount of water consumption in representative farms (A) and (B), respectively. The results of the evaluation of water productivity indicators indicate that in group (A), the availability of water and consequently the increase of the cultivated area, and in group (B), the compensation of the lack of water and the increase of the cultivated area have led to an increase in physical productivity. In the farms of group (A), the sale of water and in the farms of group (B), the allocation of water to products with higher economic value has led to an increase in the economic productivity of water. In general, it can be said that forming a water market leads to an increase in productivity, but alone it does not lead to achieving sustainable agriculture and reducing water consumption at the watershed level. Therefore, the implementation of other policies such as the control of extraction from surface and underground water resources, volume delivery of water based on the pattern of optimal cultivation and allocation of water to products with higher economic value along with the water market approach can improve water productivity in addition to reducing water consumption.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the water quality characteristics and nutritional status of Miankaleh wetland using Carlson Trophy Index (TSI) and TRIX. Measurement of parameters has been done during 6 seasons and 8 sampling periods in 6 stations of Dahane-ye-chopoghli, Bandar-e-Gaz, Gharehsu, Galogah, Ismaeilsay and Miyan ghaleh. Based on the presented results, Dahane-ye-chopoghli, and Gharehsu stations respectively have the highest amounts of phosphate (0.12 mg/l), nitrate (11.04 mg/l), the lowest DO (87 mg/l) and the highest BOD (mg/l 14/77) which indicates the unfavorable condition of the wetland in terms of quality. Calculation of index (TSI) based on (TP) shows that Miankale wetland is in hypertrophic condition (70-80) in four stations and in eutrophic condition (60-70) in Bandar-e-Gaz and Ismaeilsay stations. On the other hand, based on (TN), except for Galogah station,, the rest of the stations are in acute hypertrophic condition (80-100). In general, based on the total TSI index (29.62), the status of the wetland is in the eutrophic range (60-70). The main cause of these conditions is the discharge of sewage and drains from different units on the edge of the lagoon, which contain large amounts of nitrate and phosphate compounds. Therefore, emphasizing the correct and balanced use of chemical fertilizers in accordance with soil needs in order to reduce the load of micronutrient elements should be planned.

Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the wetland. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the amount of nitrate and phosphate pollution of Miankaleh wetland using the WASP model. The input information to the model includes the data measured by the General Department of Environmental Protection of Mazandaran province in 6 stations of Dahaneh-ye-chopoghli, Mian ghaleh, Bandar-e-Gaz, Gharesu, Ismaeilsay and Galougah during 6 seasons and 8 sampling periods of lagoon water. have been collected. 4 sampling periods were considered for calibration and 4 periods for model validation. The performance of the model was evaluated based on three indicators, R2, RMSE and CP. The evaluation results of the model show the optimal performance of the model in the simulation of phosphate and nitrate parameters. According to the obtained results, the concentration of nitrates in the wetland is within the permissible limits, but it has been increasing in Dahaneh-ye-chopoghli, Mian ghaleh, Bandar-e-Gaz, Gharesu and Ismaeilsay stations. While the concentration of phosphate in all stations is more than the permissible limit. In general, the results show the deterioration of lagoon water quality. Therefore, correct management of wastewater discharge from different centers, quantitative and qualitative monitoring of wetland water, use of modeling methods in order to provide and evaluate management solutions, as well as the use of organic fertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in agricultural lands and aquaculture farms can control and not intensify the amount Phosphate and nitrate pollution in Miankala wetland.

Water ponds play an important role in providing water needed for a large part of paddy lands. In addition to providing drinking water, these native structures play an important role in feeding underground water and preventing the drop of the underground water level, so their preservation is very important. In this research, by observing the distribution map of water ponds in Mazandaran province, a range of Haraz catchment with about 41 water ponds was selected. For this purpose, 20 water ponds were examined, then the catchment runoff was calculated for different return periods using the SWMM model, and the obtained results used for all the water ponds in the project area. Based on the obtained results, improvement of all water ponds in the region from one to two meters will collect the runoff from rainfall up to the return period of 50 years and increase the cultivated area of paddy fields. Therefore, by collecting runoff in non-agricultural seasons and using it in agricultural seasons, an important step can be taken in the optimal use of water resources, as well as increasing the amount of production of the dominant crops in the region.

Climate change means any specific change in the long-term average weather state that occurs for a given location or for the entire globe (Goudarzi and Koupaei, 2020). Climate change is one of the most critical factors threatening food security, and it is expected to make food and nutrition security more challenging in the future (Carpena et al., 2019). It will affect the agricultural sector by changing the irrigation water requirements, crop yield, and water productivity (Boonwichai et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019). Rice is the third most important crop in the world, following wheat and maize (Kapela et al., 2020). The occurrence of water shortages and droughts have raised concerns about the sustainability of rice production, including the main rice cultivation production region of Mazandaran in Iran (Yosefian 2018). Most studies have reported that rice production will decrease in the future due to a projected increase in temperature and a projected decrease in precipitation) Basak et al. 2010; Boonwichai et al. 2018; Nasir et al. 2020; Nicolas et al. 2020). Although many farmers, particularly in Iran, feel that permanent flooding conditions for rice farming are inevitable, climate change forces the use of water-saving technologies to ensure the long-term viability of irrigated rice production in paddy fields (Yosefian 2018; Mirfenderski 2022). Accordingly, it is necessary to find new methods for rice cultivation that reduce water use and make optimal use of the available water for irrigation while maintaining yield under climate change. The goal of this study was to examine the water requirement, water productivity, and risk of rice yield for different irrigation levels under various climate change scenarios using a crop simulation model.

In recent years, the use of SWAT model has been used as a common tool for simulating flow rate, sediment production and evaluating different scenarios to reduce sediment production and runoff. The current research also aims to evaluate the changes in runoff and sediment under the influence of irrigation water reduction, using the SWAT model in the irrigation and drainage network of Dez River.

Recalibration and validation of the model for simulating runoff (Shoshtar, Arab Asad, Shavor Bridge, Harmeleh and Bamdej stations) and sedimentation (Shoshtar, Shavor Bridge, Harmaleh and Bamdezh stations) using statistical data from 1995 to 2012 and 2013 It was done until 2017. The simulation results were also evaluated using R2 and NSE coefficients. Then the scenarios of 10, 20 and 30% reduction of irrigation water were introduced to the model to evaluate their effect on runoff and sedimentation of the study area.

The results of model evaluation using R2 and NSE coefficients indicate the appropriate performance of the model in simulating the mentioned parameters. The results of the evaluation of scenarios of 10, 20 and 30 percent reduction of irrigation water show that applying the 10 percent scenario had the least impact on the amount of sedimentation. On the other hand, applying the scenario of 30% reduction of irrigation water will increase the runoff (30-60%) due to the reduction of the collection of runoffs for irrigation purposes and consequently the increase of the amount of sediment (20-50%) in the irrigation and drainage network of Dez River. The obtained results indicate that the increase in the amount of runoff in the basin, especially in the rainy season, has caused an increase in erosion and consequently an increase in sediment in the basin. Therefore, it can be stated that the time of applying the scenario and the characteristics of the soil in the area are the most effective components on the amount of runoff and sediment in the basin.

According to the results obtained, according to the effect of runoff on erosion and the amount of sediment in a watershed, it is necessary to use methods to control and reduce runoff, such as watershed operations, structures to contain and store runoff, and use modern irrigation methods to prevent soil erosion. Because traditional irrigation methods, in addition to water losses, cause a decrease in soil fertility and an increase in sediment in the drains of agricultural lands. In lands that are irrigated by traditional methods, sometimes the amount of water used is more than the infiltration capacity of the soil. This causes erosion of the surface layer of the soil by the runoff from water accumulation. Therefore, agricultural management approaches in basins prone to soil erosion should be focused on modern irrigation methods with minimum runoff and drainage output.

In the current situation of the country, which is facing numerous droughts, simulation of the performance of different crops in water shortage conditions has attracted the attention of modelers. Among these models, WOFOST has been used in predicting crop yield in numerous researches.In this research, the development of the WOFOST model under the Python language along with how to simulate the performance of major crops in the Tajan plain watershed including rice, wheat, oilseeds, grain corn and tomato during the years 2014-18 was examined. Based on this, at first, the annual crop yield was received from the Agricultural Jihad Organization and the simulation results were compared with these data. The crop yield simulation results of the PCSE Python version showed very little difference with the reported values, so that the RMSE and nRMSE results were reported in the range of less than 10%, which puts it in the good to excellent range. which proves the power of PCSE model in simulation. On the other hand, the results of the T test at the 95% probability level showed that in most of the products, no significant difference was observed between the simulation and observation values, which shows the advantages of theThe outputs of both WOFOST and PCSE models are completely consistent. Comparing the results also shows that there is a small difference between the simulated and observed values. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PCSE model has the ability to simulate the performance of products.

Clean electrical energy and freshwater are two basic human needs that can be met by using solar energy properly. In this article, the goal is to produce electricity and freshwater simultaneously by installing a solar still coupled with a semi-transparent solar module. The coupled solar system was simulated in ANSYS Workbench 2022 software environment.To check the water yield, the system was simulated at different brackish water temperatures of 60 , 70 , and 80 and different wind speeds of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/s. Also, ten scenarios were defined and simulated according to radiation intensity and brackish water temperature. The results showed that the increase in brackish water temperature and the wind speed increased the amount of freshwater production, and the effect of brackish water temperature was greater compared to wind speed. By increasing the brackish water temperature from 60 to 70 and from 70 to 80 , the average water yield increment for the wind speed of 3 m/s is 64% and 120%, respectively. Also, by increasing the wind speed from 1 m/s to 5 m/s at 70 , the output power of the system increases by 10.53%. The simulation results in ten different scenarios showed that the coupled solar system was more efficient than the independent solar system in eight cases. According to the results of this research, it is suggested that the southern regions of the country with high radiation intensity and high wind speed should be considered for installing the coupled solar system.

 In today’s high-velocity dynamic environment, product innovation has turned to be a critical element contributing to increased performance and sustained competitive advantage. Despite the vital importance of this issue, empirical studies on product innovation, particularly dynamic capabilities impacting innovation outcomes, are limited. Besides, there are several studies in the extant literature that call for quantitative or qualitative research investigating specific dynamic capabilities that increase innovation performance outcomes. Thus, grounded on dynamic capabilities theory, the present research is aimed at investigating organizational dynamic capabilities that enhance product innovation performance, providing empirical evidence for critical roles of dynamic capabilities in improving product innovation performance outcomes.  

The current study has adopted a qualitative approach to achieve the research objectives while the literature on dynamic capabilities is obsessed with quantitative studies. Specifically, this study has employed semi-structured interviews with 36 managers of Iranian medical equipment manufacturers in order to gather primary data. Also, this research has utilized applied thematic analysis in order to analyse the data. Specifically, the interviews with managers were transcribed and MAXQDA 18.0 was employed to perform thematic coding in three levels, resulting in 600 coded segments.    

  The results show that dynamic capabilities play essential roles in improving medical equipment companies’ innovation performance. Specifically, this study reveals that there are 18 sensing, seizing, and reconfiguration capabilities that bring about enhanced product innovation performance, thus empowering the companies to respond to innovation opportunities effectively. Concerning the sensing capabilities, the results indicate that medical equipment companies should constantly gather customers and other key decision-makers’ information and conduct various market researches to be aware of market changes. Besides, they should be proactive regarding their intelligence generation practices and adopt an open mind-set to identify opportunities. In respect of seizing capabilities, results indicates that marketing, quality management and branding capabilities are essential to respond to innovation opportunities and the companies should also have high levels of managerial and research and development capabilities. Regardingreconfiguration capabilities, it reveals that the companies should employ their research and development capabilities to upgrade and integrate their resources and routines. Additionally, they should utilize their digital technologies to continuously reconfigure their resources and increase their flexibility seeing that firms with higher levels of agile reconfiguration capabilities benefit from enhanced innovation performance outcomes.  

From a theoretical point of veiw, this study notably contributes to the dynamic capabilities theory seeing as it identifies specific dynamic capabilities that augment innovation performance. Arguably, the research on dynamic capabilities is in early stages and prior studies in the literature have consistently called for empirical quantitative or qualitative research examining dynamic capabilities that improve firms’ innovation performance. From a managerial perspective, the current study sheds light on a set of dynamic capabilities that brings firms increased innovation outcomes; thus, the resultant findings empower these companies, particularly medical equipment manufacturers, to effectively develop organizational sensing, seizing, and reconfiguration capabilities and, in turn, respond to innovation opportunities successfully.

Drought is a natural and reversible feature of climate and can affect almost all climate zones with any climate. The aim of this research is to investigate the upcoming obstacles in the formation of water harvesting organizations as a solution for the optimal use of existing water resources in order to prevent excessive water consumption with the participation of stakeholders. Water catchment organizations are the first form of cooperative management approach in the irrigation sector and their key role in the optimal management of agricultural water consumption is undeniable. In this study, three established pilot organizations in the area of ​​Sefidroud irrigation network were used to investigate the upcoming obstacles in the formation of water harvesting organizations. The statistical population of the members of water bodies in Sefidroud basin was defined, and the formation process of the organizations was investigated using a questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.9, 62 items, through the active questioning method. The results showed that the formation of organizations can create a positive trend in improving the conditions of the aquifers. According to the obtained results, the most effective index is related to social indicators with a weight of 0.312, sustainability index with a weight of 0.298 and communication with a weight of 0.211, and the least effective indicators are related to the definition of tasks index with a weight of 0.13 and time index. showed with a weight of 0.14. It is also possible to use organizations as a pilot in areas that have the capacity and conditions to accept the plan, and by having a successful example, encourage other farmers to participate in the formation of organizations.

The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive model of intellectual capital with an organizational learning approach as a model for the development of educational systems as the main question of the research, in other words, to identify the dimensions and components of intellectual capital and organizational learning in educational systems from the basic hypotheses. It is considered research. From the point of view of the nature and method of data collection, the current research is a descriptive-survey and a combined research strategy (qualitative and quantitative). The studied population were academic and professional education experts and sampling was done in a targeted manner and a total of 25 people were selected. After defining the topic and conducting exploratory and library studies, the dimensions and components of the variables were collected through the Delphi method and a researcher-made questionnaire, and based on qualitative statistical methods, the analysis was done by the software (Spss 22) and finally the fit of the model reached the consensus of the experts. Further, the confirmatory factor analysis of each of the research variables was performed by software (PLS 3). The findings of the research include the identification and introduction of dimensions related to intellectual capital with 21 components, the identification and introduction of dimensions of organizational learning with 12 components, and since the construction of common cross-validity, the composite reliability and the average variances extracted were at an acceptable level. , a suitable model was recognized in line with organizational goals and competitive advantage.

Applying the raw data of regional climate models in assessing the impact of climate change is not advisable due to possible biases. Therefore, correcting the bias of these data is necessary before using them for climate scenarios of the future. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance and introduce the best combination of bias correction methods for precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature simulated by three CMIP6 climate models.

Five bias correction methods including linear scaling, variance scaling, local intensity scaling, power transformation and distribution mapping were investigated using root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), correlation coefficient (r) and Student's t test for the historical period (1990-2014). Afterward, the combination of the best bias correction methods was used to project precipitation and temperature under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios in the future period (2051-2075).

Based on the results, three methods of variance scaling, local intensity scaling and power transformation for correcting the bias of the investigated data had weaker performances compared to the other methods. Two methods of linear scaling and distribution mapping had the lowest RMSE and highest r and NSE. Projecting the future climate using the combination of these two selected methods showed that the average annual precipitation in the Hamedan-Bahar region will decrease by 28 and 37 percent under scenarios of SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Furthermore, the annual average of the maximum and minimum temperature will increase by 0.7, 0.9 under scenarios of SSP2-4.5 and 1.4 and 1.5 °C, under scenarios of SSP5-8.5, respectively. In addition, the highest seasonal decrease in precipitation (19.8 mm) compared to the baseline period will occur in the spring under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Moreover, the highest seasonal increase of maximum and minimum temperature compared to the baseline period was projected in winter (1.6°C) and spring (1.7°C), respectively, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario.

Two methods of linear scaling and distribution mapping are suitable for reducing the bias of the CMIP6 models in the Hamedan-Bahar plain. Also, considering the projected increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation in this region, this study can provide useful information for policy-makers of water resources and agriculture to decide about the rainwater harvesting, recharging of aquifers, crop selection, cultivating period, crop rotation and management methods to reduce the impact of future climate change.

In today’s dynamic environment where we are witnessing the digital age and Industry 4.0, having innovative products and processes has become a necessity. Recent theories state that intellectual capital as a strategic knowledge resource plays a key role in achieving superior innovation performance, and having dynamic capabilities to reconfigure knowledge resources and respond to innovation opportunities is critical. Therefore, the present research is aimed at examining the relationships between intellectual capital, product innovation, and process innovation performance, and it also investigates the mediating roles of digital and agile reconfiguration capabilities in these relationships. The current study is a quantitative research that has adopted a descriptive-correlational research design. The study has carried out a questionnaire-based survey, gathering data from top managers of 127 medical equipment manufacturers. To assess the validity and reliability of the measurement model, confirmatory factor analysis was used, and to examine the structural model and research hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modeling was implemented. The findings have revealed that intellectual capital as a strategic knowledge resource exerts positive influence on product and process innovation performance, and digital and agile reconfiguration capabilities partially mediate these relationships. Accordingly, intellectual capital is necessary to augment product and process innovation performance, but to effectively leverage this knowledge resource, medical equipment manufacturers need to have complementary dynamic capabilities, such as digital and agile reconfiguration capabilities.

One of the most important goals of irrigation planning and management methods, considering the water crisis in recent years, is to increase water productivity for various plants, including rice. To investigate the effects of deficit irrigation methods on water productivity of rice (Binam Variety), an experiment was carried out with eight treatments and three replications in Babolsar city of Mazandaran province in 2020. The treatments were regulated deficit irrigation and partial root zone drying in soil drought stresses of 10, 30 and 60 kPa (RDI10, RDI30, RDI60, PRD10, PRD30 and PRD60) and full irrigation with drip tape and flood irrigation systems (control). Soil water deficit was measured by a tensiometer. In this experiment, traits including yield, water consumption, and plant shoot dry weight, root weight density, root length, physical water productivity, net profit efficiency per unit volume of water, irrigation and rainfall water efficiency and evapotranspiration efficiency were investigated. According to the results, the highest and lowest physical water productivity was corresponded for PRD60 and flood irrigation treatments, respectively (1.39 and 0.59 kg / m3). PRD treatments at similar stresses compared to RDI treatments had higher rough rice yield and higher physical and economic productivity despite of lower water consumption. PRD60 treatment increased the physical productivity of water by 135.6% and decreased the water consumption by 76.3%..

The current research has been done to provide a cause-effect model of the factors affecting the fundamental competencies of human resource managers in service start-ups using the Dematel approach. The research method is descriptive-survey with the statistical population of 12 experts, including university professors in the field of human resources and human resources managers and experts of service start-ups in three systems: Snappp, Tapsi and Maxim.  At first, based on the research background, the factors affecting the fundamental competencies of human resource managers in service start-ups were determined, and then the DEMATEL technique was used as an approach to identify the cause-effect relationships. Then, with the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), factors were prioritized in three taxi order systems. The results of this research showed that vision, leadership, and information technology have been identified as effective causal factors, and the Education and knowledge management, organizational culture, corporate communication, and rules of the organization have been identified as impressible factors. The results of the hierarchical analysis also showed that information technology has the uppermost priority in the Snapp and Tapsi taxi request system, but in the maxim system, vision and strategy receive the uppermost priority.

The current research has been done with the aim of designing the fundamental competence model of human resource managers and identifying its dimensions and components as well as the factors affecting the fundamental competence of human resource managers.The research method is considered to be mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation, applied in terms of purpose, and content analysis type in terms of exploratory method. According to the content analysis method, the coding and classification process was implemented in the MAXQDA 2018 software, then the codes were examined for validation with the fuzzy Delphi method and measured in the PLS software at the quantitative stage. In this research, the fundamental competence dimensions of human resource managers and the factors affecting them have been identified and categorized. Based on the findings in the first stage with the qualitative approach, eight dimensions of fundamental competencies including cognitive-insight competence, entrepreneurial competence, leadership competence, communication competence, individual competence, technical and specialized competence, moral competence and psychological competence and six influential factors were formulated. In the second stage, with a quantitative approach, the impact of six factors on the fundamental competence of human resource managers was measured and confirmed.

Ab-Bandan is a native or man-made pond in northern Iran that is used to store surface water. Secondary uses of these structures include fish farming and recreation areas. These water bodies can increase pollutants and their penetration into the aquifer, by accumulating water for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their qualitative conditions and their impact on the ecosystem of the region.

In this study, to investigate the effect of Ab-Bandans on the aquifer, the water quality of three Ab-Bandans in Mazandaran province and the wells around them have been investigated. Wells were selected at approximately 100, 200, and 300 m distances around the Ab-Bandans. During three-month periods with an interval of 15 days, water from the Ab-Bandans and surrounding wells was sampled. The parameters of nitrate, nitrite, PH, EC, and TDS were measured to determine the water quality of the Ab-Bandan and its effect on the aquifer.

Results have shown that the water quality of Ab-Bandansis in good condition for fish farming. In agricultural use, only the pH parameter is higher than the allowable range, which is normal for Ab-Bandans and swamps. Investigation of wells' water quality also shows that their quality is favorable for drinking use - which is their most important use, and only in some wells, initial treatment is required. Qualitative comparison to evaluate the quality changes at different distances from the Ab-Bandan shows that the amount of contaminants decreases with increasing distance from the Ab-bandan. Between the second well and the third well, the changes in the parameters are about 0.5% and in the distance of 300 meters of the wells, the quality conditions of the aquifer can be considered stable and it can be stated that the Ab-Bandan no longer affects the water quality of the aquifer.

Investigations show that the quality conditions of the Ab-Bandan are in favorable condition for use in fish farming. In agricultural use, pH is higher than the permissible range, which was related to the quality conditions of the Ab-Bandan.

In the present study, in order to optimally use the water and soil resources of Mazandaran province according to the potential of the region, the comparative method was used. For this purpose, the current situation of the province was first identified in terms of water and soil resources and the cultivation pattern, and in the next step, by comparing and adapting other regions of the world that have similar climatic conditions to Mazandaran province, modeling the experiences of those countries in the field of crop cultivation It was carried out according to the potential of the region. The results of the comparison phase showed that a total of 158 points on the earth had the same climate level as Mazandaran province. Based on the comparative results obtained, the current cultivation pattern in Mazandaran province should be slightly changed according to water and soil resources. The cultivated area of products such as cotton, which has been favored by farmers in this province in the past, can increase again in this province as a suitable product for the textile industry. Also, a tree like olive that can be used in different fields (eating raw, extracting oil and animal fodder) and considering that in Mazandaran climate, in many mountainous areas of this province, olive oil extracting species have shown good performance, Therefore, this product can also be recommended. Also, the possibility of growing some new crops in Mazandaran province, which was done through interviews with the professors of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and research projects, which products such as medicinal plants are also suggested.

Global warming changes precipitation and temperature patterns. In this study, the linear scaling post-processing method was used to correct the biases of seven climate models (GCMs) under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Also, the performance of these models was evaluated for simulating temperature and precipitation in the Hamedan-Bahar plain in the baseline period of 1990 to 2014. Three performance indicators (mean square root error, Nash-Sutcliffe, coefficient of correlation) were used to quantify the models᾽ reproducibility to climatic parameters for the historical period (1990–2014). Based on the results, CMCC-ESM2, MIROC 6, and NorESM2-MM models were selected and their ensemble were used to project temperature and precipitation in near (2026–2050), mid (2051-2075) and far futures (2076-2100) under three socioeconomic shared pathway (SSP) 1–2.6, 2–4.5 and 5–8.5. Based on the obtained results, in all three periods, the average precipitation decrease in summer is higher than the other seasons, and the highest amount of decrease will occur in the mid future period under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (67%). Moreover, the minimum and maximum temperatures increased in all three future periods and under all three scenarios. The highest increase of temperature occurred in January and February. Predicting climate parameters using selected models in this study can be a basis for planning and managing water resources and developing the necessary measures to climate change adaptation in Hamadan-Bahar region.