فهرست مطالب ali tavakolan

The present research was conducted with the aim of providing strategies for improving urban resilience in satellite cities of Tehran metropolitan area (case study: Islamshahr city). According to the nature of the topic and research objectives, the research method is descriptive-analytical, and the information is collected in the form of documents, library and survey and with the questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the research consists of citizens living in areas 1, 2, 3 and 6 of Islamshahr city and experts and specialists related to the subject of the research in this city. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated as 384 people for citizens and 50 people for professionals. Also, in order to analyze the data, t-test tests and then SWAT analysis and quantitative strategic planning matrix were used. The findings show that in terms of the resilience of the city of Islamshahr, it has a significant distance from the normal limits, which in the post-crisis period can affect the balance in the metropolitan area and make the society unstable. The results of SWAT analysis and quantitative strategic planning, "developing urban regeneration plans in inefficient contexts and preventing small-scale development in the city and encouraging the aggregation of small-scale plaques in the city" as the most important strategy to improve the resilience of the city of Islamshahr has introduced.

Different biological places consider different strategies to reach the goal according to their nature and function; The ultimate goal of all these strategies is to achieve sustainable development. Achieving development in different eras has always been considered by governments, governments and people who have played a role in the form of citizens and urban dwellers; have been. For this purpose, the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) is one of the models that has been popular in some countries of the world, such as the member states of the European Union and other emerging economic regions of the world since the 1990s. Recognizing this policy and planning model can be considered a small step but a new path for the discussion of experience and action in regional planning. In fact, with the intensification of economic globalization and competition between governments and government-regions, according to Kinchi Omai, regional issues have become more complicated, and the sustainability of regional development has become more important. Therefore, not only in the new world order, geographical territories have been associated with regionalism; Moreover, neo-regionalism has taken a dominant form in the planning system. The reason for the attention and emphasis on the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) is that the continuity and non-separation in this strategy makes the regions to be seen as puzzle pieces that should be put together in the best way and to cover the weaknesses of each other. Regions are placed on a wide level, which can be considered stable only in the absence of centralization. In other words, one of the most important results and fruits of the application of the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) is to disrupt the existing centralism and replace it with decentralization and, consequently, to deal with economic, social, political, cultural, security, etc. challenges. Because today decentralization is considered as a strategy for sustainable development and unlike the state of concentration where power and decision-making is concentrated in the center or at the level of high-level officials, decentralization allows lower levels to deal with issues and problems that are specific to them and directly deal with them. pay attention.

Considering the purpose of the research, which is an analysis of the capacity and formulation of Makran's regional sustainable development program with a futurist approach, the present research was conducted using the descriptive-analytical research method and based on the methods of futurist science with a combination of documentary and survey methods. The current research has four main parts. The part of compiling the theoretical foundations, which was selected as the first step of the qualitative research, in the second part, the factors and trends affecting the development of Makran region were investigated with the survey method. In the third part, based on the identified factors and trends and the opinions of experts based on the method of cross-effects analysis, the analysis of stakeholders and actors, as well as the extraction and analysis of the key factors of the region's development, and based on the critical uncertainty method, scenarios have been formulated. In the fourth step, the application of content concepts and strategic foresight methods in developing the proposed regional development planning process has been discussed. The statistical population in this research was 50 experts, experts in the field of urban planning and land use. A researcher-made questionnaire tool was used to collect the required data, and experts' opinions were used for standardization. In the results analysis stage, calculations were done by MICMAC software. findings Based on the obtained results, the variable of economic growth has the most direct and indirect influence and the variable of access to green space has the least influence and direct and indirect influence. The most important output of the MICMAC software is in the form of a diagram of influence and effectiveness of variables.

What can be understood from the dispersion of variables affecting the development of Makran is the unstable state of the system, because most of the variables are scattered around the diagonal axis of the plane, and except for a few limited factors influencing the system, the rest of the variables have a relatively similar situation to each other. Now, according to the unstable distribution of variables affecting the development of Makran, 4 categories of variables (bimodal variables, influential variables, regulatory variables, independent variables and dependent variables) can be identified, which are shown in Table 6. According to the obtained results, among 36 variables affecting the development of Makran, 11 variables were identified as strategic and key variables affecting the development of Makran. Finally, the matrices obtained from the output of the software can be displayed with its corresponding diagram, in which the direction of influence of each driver on the other is displayed by arrows and the amount of influence is displayed numerically above the arrow.

Makran is the land of unfulfilled potentials and golden opportunities. The potential capacities due to the strategic location of this region among Iran's neighboring countries on one level, in the Middle East on the second level, in Asia on the third level and the whole world on the fourth level, provide golden opportunities for the people of this region in the first stage, for Iran in The second stage has created a win-win game for the international field in the final stage. The aim of the research is to analyze and identify the key factors affecting the sustainable development of Makran region. After document studies in Makran region, in the next stage, the development of Makran region was examined and evaluated using 36 variables in the form of 8 regions. The results obtained from the present research show the status of regional development variables in a state of normality.

Passive defense and resilience of societies from the perspective of urban sciences means the ability to prepare for emergencies.

Aim of the research: 

The specific objectives of the present study include - to examine the correlation between the dimensions of resilience and passive defense

The present study is an applied research and in terms of descriptive and analytical nature, field information collection method and the statistical population of the present study is all households in Sirjan. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. The validity of the research variables was based on the opinions and experts in urban planning and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha of 0.75. The method of data analysis using descriptive statistics (mean and frequency distribution) and inferential statistics in SPSS environment is done. Geographical area of ​​research: Sirjan city.

The results of the research obtained from the one-sample t-test showed that there is a direct relationship between the dimensions of urban resilience and passive defense. Also, the results of regression and path analysis showed that the physical dimension had the most impact and the environmental dimension had the least impact on passive defense.

Therefore, it can be said that in areas where there is a high risk of casualties and financial losses; Therefore, they need to act quickly in order to create resiliencee

The development of tourism in rural areas is an essential element and one of the ways to save villages from poverty, migration and social and economic problems. With the decline of traditional industries as sources of income for rural communities, these communities should find alternative means to strengthen economic resources for the development of their communities. Currently, among the types of rural tourism, food tourism has become very important. The author's problem is to identify the set of factors and structures affecting the role of food tourism in the sustainable development of rural settlements in Mazandaran province. The main goal of this research is to identify the structures and determine the relationships between the components of food tourism and the sustainable development of rural settlements in Mazandaran province. The method of collecting information is in the form of library studies. The data of this research were classified into two parts, qualitative and quantitative. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires. The community investigated in this research, experts include managers and senior experts of the General Department of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Mazandaran Province. In order to create a model of the role of food tourism on the sustainable development of rural settlements in Mazandaran province, the interpretive-structural modeling method was used, the structures of which were identified through qualitative methods and content analysis methods. In the following, using MICMAC software, the degree of influence and effectiveness of the variables on each other has been determined. The results of the research show that at the tenth level of the model, the "government support" structure is placed, which is the foundation of the model, and the sustainable development of villages starts from this policy and spreads to other structures. Finally, in the first level of the model, there is the "social structure" structure, which is the result of the relationships between the structures of our previous levels and results in the sustainable development of the village.

The process of regeneration of Derelict Fabric is done to revitalize, modernize, and enhance the quality of the environment to achieve a desirable future and to address future issues of urbanization and urban life in order to have a viable city and neighborhood. Sustainable city, in a simple definition, is a city that has the components of security, dynamism and vitality and also provides safe and attractive housing, education, health and culture for citizens. Among the different qualities expressed by different theorists in terms of spaces responsive to user needs can be security, dynamics and vitality. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of security, safety and vitality components on the regeneration process of worn-out neighborhoods in the White Soil neighborhood of Chahar-e-Tehran. The data were collected using a questionnaire which was used to assess its validity by Cronbach's alpha method, whose reliability was confirmed by 0.831. To determine the sample size, Cochran formula was used and 321 questionnaires were calculated and distributed among the residents of 69458 white soil neighborhoods. Then, data were extracted and categorized. In the Findings section, according to the tables, the variables related to the indicators of effective safety and vitality have the highest to moderate acceptance. In spite of the exhaustion of neighborhood texture, security and vitality can be seen in the neighborhood. In other words, it can be concluded that security, dynamism and vitality will advance the goals of regeneration and enhance the process of regeneration of worn-out neighborhoods.  

 The feeling of belonging to a place in ancient tissues has always been the most important factor for its durability and stability, both physically and functionally, and semantically and memory-wise. Spatial affiliation refers to a cognitive relationship with a particular environment or space, and in fact attachment to a place is a symbolic relationship created by individuals to a place that gives common emotional, emotional and cultural meanings to a particular space. (Altman & Low, 1992) A spatial place is an identity-building, relative, and historical that never completely disappears. Residential neighborhoods are one of the oldest urban heritage that the sense of belonging of residents makes it sustainable. Users are stated, we can refer to the quality components of the urban environment (sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality). Among the different definitions of these environmental qualities, it is emphasized that these components indicate the dynamism and vibrancy of the space, and as a result, that space will be suitable for the presence and activity of users. Therefore, these environmental qualities seem to increase the sense of environmental belonging, and through this, among the diverse range of qualities of urban spaces, the mentioned components are undoubtedly one of the influential qualities in creating space (Lynch. 1997.307) )Today, urban and citizenship issues have become the most important issues affecting the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of human life. Before this period, the city was important in its general sense, but in the contemporary period, this importance has been perceived by a wider range of people. Therefore, addressing the new theories of the city, each with the aim of solving urban problems, improving the quality and quantity of life of citizens in cities, improving the quality of the city environment, city management, advancing the city to become more desirable, etc. It is more important than ever. Viability, which ensures sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality, is divided into three interrelated dimensions: the economy, society and the environment. If the function of any of these three dimensions is disrupted, human settlements can quickly deteriorate, resulting in declining population, poverty, social conflict, and rising health and environmental issues. (Khorasani, 2011:35) In general, a livable city includes a diverse set of characteristics: sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism, vitality and participation. If urban areas do not have viability factors, the only motivation for new residents is to have a shelter, and despite many cultural differences, they live in this part of the city due to low housing prices. Therefore, due to the feeling of separation and alienation from neighbors and residents, it suffers from confusion and confusion, and consequently, social, economic and cultural instability occurs in these neighborhoods.

The research method of this article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Its purpose is to evaluate the Sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality situation in Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood of Tehran's Chahar district based on the explained indicators. The statistical population studied in this study are residents of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood, located in the sixth district of Tehran's four municipalities. According to the latest census in 2016, Khak-e-Sefid or Golshan neighborhood has a population of 69,458 people. Thus, the Sense of belonging to a place of the neighborhood is assessed using field data collection (distribution of a questionnaire among the residents of the studied neighborhood). Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. 321 questionnaires were calculated for the population of 69458 people in Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood and distributed among the residents. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the views of experts, experts and city managers were used. In this study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the measurement tool. Cronbach's alpha obtained in this study was 0.831, which indicates that the reliability coefficient is at an acceptable level. Finally, after analyzing the information through SPSS method, finally based on the obtained results, recommendations to improve the performance of neighborhood spaces in order to improve its vitality and sense of belonging to a place and the effect of security, dynamism and vitality on the regeneration of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood with emphasis on using The model of sustainable neighborhood development will be presented.

To achieve the purpose of the research and answer the main question of the research on whether the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and compatibility affect the regeneration of problematic tissues, the variables and indicators that were in the form of a questionnaire were provided to the statistical community. The respondents are residents of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood of Chahar city of Tehran. Due to the high population of the neighborhood, the sampling method and determining the sample size were used to study the area through the Cochran's formula and 321 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Considering that the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and adaptation in each city, region and neighborhood are affected by the three dimensions of social, economic and environmental cities that constitute the indicators of urban livability, the response of neighborhood residents to each of the variables The trivia of livability is given in tables in the text of the article. 

In answer to the research question, ie the components of sense of belonging to a place security, dynamism and compatibility affect the regeneration of problematic tissues, it should be said that what is effective in the sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality of an urban neighborhood are things that can result in referring to urban space as a destination. In other words, coming to space and staying in it can make the space safe and lively and lead to the accumulation of memory. According to the results obtained from the tables and analysis of the percentage of frequency variables of livability dimensions, each of which has a high impact on creating sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality of the neighborhood environment. It is observed that the variables related to the indicators affecting safety and well-being, especially the variables related to the indicators of "recreation and leisure", "cohesion and belonging", "individual and social security" and "participation and solidarity" have the highest to moderate acceptance. It can be concluded that the more livable the neighborhoods and residential areas of cities and of course have the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality, the goals and results of urban regeneration and regeneration projects are achieved more quickly and the neighborhoods and residential areas of their past originality are comfortable They will gain more principles.

In the past decades, due to the rapid increase in urbanization, special attention has been paid to urban land use changes so that human activities strongly influence the ecosystem in urban areas, and the life of half of the world's population is closely dependent on human activities in urban areas. Urban land use planning in Iran is done through Master and Detailed plans. The experience of more than half a century of land use planning in this country, which has been evaluated in numerous studies, shows its failure and what we are witnessing today is the crisis caused by the lack of implementation and realization of land use planning in the master and detailed projects. The proposed uses of future urban plans are not implemented in Iran for various reasons or they are changed. In the planning and management of cities, the plans that are prepared must be in line with the approved plans and have the least differences, with their proposals, criteria and zoning, unless with the agreement of the employer and decision-making bodies، the said plans do not comply with the above plans
 

In terms of type, this research is part of applied research and in terms of method, it is part of descriptive-analytical research. In this research، the amount and manner of non-compliance of the detailed plan with the third master plan were extracted. Then the impact of the non-compliance of the detailed plan with the master plan in each of the sub-areas will be investigated and then by considering the criteria of each of the sub-areas of the master and detailed plan and the changes that have occurred، the increase in population capacity (residential and not service provision) has been investigated.
 

Region 4 has the highest discrepancy with 2052 hectares، followed by Tehran's 22nd region with 1277 hectares, while Region 13 has the lowest amount of discrepancies with 159.8 hectares and Region 9 with 208.9 hectares. In total, about 33% of the areas defined in the master plan have been changed in the detailed plan. In total, out of 2052 hectares changed, the mixed zone had the largest share and about 996 hectares of it were changed to green zone (80 hectares), residential zone (713 hectares) and activity zone (202 hectares). Among the transformed (changed from the comprehensive zone), the residential zone had the largest share with 842 hectares so that 58.97 hectares of it were changed from the green zone, 713.25 hectares from the mixed zone and 70.4 hectares from the activity zone. The average growth of the population of the district 4 of Tehran is nearly 4 times the average (3.78 times) of the growth of the population in the city of Tehran. This can be due to various factors. Naturally there must be residential capacity in this area for the population to settle in this area. However part of the current residential capacity of the district 4 of Tehran where the population currently resides and has been approved as residential in the detailed plan. has been in the form of a mixed zone, green zone or activity zone in the master plan. In the changed mixed zone in the district 4 of Tehran according to the considered population loading criteria, about 133 thousand people could live. However, with the implementation of these changes in the detailed plan. the population load of these zones has greatly increased and increased to about 430 thousand people, which is more than 3 times the loading capacity determined in the master plan (without considering sub-zone R231). The highest amount of changes in the green zone is related to the R122 subzone. where 51.24 hectares have been converted from the green zone to a residential zone. About 35438 people have been added to the population of district 4.
 

Among the regions of Tehran the most significant amount of changes with a volume of 2052 hectares has been related to the District 4 of Tehran. In other words about 33% of the zoning of the master plan has changed in this region. Investigations have shown that the largest volume of changes was related to the mixed zone which has changed nearly 996 hectares of which 713 hectares have been changed to a residential zone. But the important issue in this change of zones is changing the criteria and increasing the living capacity in the region and finally the increase in population and the need of this population for services per capita. Surveys have shown that with the change of zones nearly 430 thousand people have been added to the population capacity of the city (only the residential capacity and not the provision of services).

The high concentration of people and economic activities in urban areas strengthens the relationship between the city, health and environment. From the point of view of the World Health Organization, a livable city is a city in which, with the continuous creation and expansion of physical, social, environmental conditions and the optimal use of existing resources and facilities, an environment is provided in which the people of the society support each other and participate in the group in doing all Life matters, maximize their capabilities. The foundation of the livable city is based on the principle that health is more than medical care. Healthy environment and community cultivation are also key features. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to identify the various dimensions of livability in the urban areas of Tehran, using the latest statistics and information and the questionnaire tool in the form of 4 components and among the 10 districts of the first district of Tehran, it was studied and the results were evaluated using the factor analysis model. . The results show that the economic and physical components are good predictors for the livability variable.

Among the criteria of regional planning to determine inequalities is determining the status of regions according to development indicators. In the literature and development policy, it is generally believed that the growth of GDP and high per capita income is the main axis of development.. The purpose of this research is the regional development policy of Makran, the current research has been done using the descriptive-analytical method and based on future research methods with a combination of documentary and survey methods. In this research, after studying the upstream documents, two-stage Delphi method was used to identify the key variables affecting the sustainable development of Makran region, and the analyzed data includes 36 variables in the form of 8 areas as primary variables affecting sustainable development. The findings show that the ideal institutional model for the development of Makran will be to go through sectoral approaches and move gradually in the direction of institutional capacity building. Non-institutional models based on the theory of neo-regionalism play high capacities for the institutional capacity building of Makran. As a result, in regional governance, Makran Development Organization should play the role of leadership and policy-making in the credit of the political support of the central government.

The city as a geographical, economic, political and sociological reality in each period of its development has been influenced by each of these factors and has influenced each of them. The complexity of each of these factors has created the complexity of the city as their spatial crystallization. Certainly, organizing and regulating the city and how it grows and evolves requires the thematics of the city and urban issues and then planning for it. In general, the belief in improving the environment is one of the sources of the idea of ​​urban planning and perhaps its most important ideology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the detailed plan of Tehran Region 1 with emphasis on livability. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology. In order to evaluate the content validity of the assessment tool, the questionnaires were provided to experts and specialists in the field. Findings show that the structural variable was the only variable that could only directly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the detailed design. According to the results of regression analysis, the legal and executive variables have both directly and indirectly affected the efficiency and effectiveness of the detailed plan. The direct and indirect effects for the legal and executive variables are 0.429 and 0.201, respectively.

Performance management is a regular process that helps managers to manage their employees well in the direction of achieving goals, implementing plans, successful and optimal execution of missions and assigned responsibilities.Therefore, in order to properly manage the performance of the evaluation system, it is essential In this regard, the pathology of the performance management system is one of the necessities of effective performance management and as a filter in order to correct the shortcomings of performance management.Organizational pathology is the process of using the concepts and methods of behavioral sciences to define and describe the current state of organizations and find ways to increase their effectiveness . In this regard, in order to guide the executive managers of Tehran municipalities, in order to implement development programs and urban services in Tehran, according to the schedule and with the desired quality, it seems necessary to develop a management system and evaluate the performance of Tehran municipalities. The first step in achieving this goal is to focus on explaining an effective framework for addressing the challenges and limitations associated with performance appraisal systems; and also provide operational strategies to compensate for the shortcomings of performance appraisal in order to achieve organizational goals. In fact, despite the fact that several units in Tehran Municipality have been involved in creating and promoting performance appraisal procedures; There are weaknesses and challenges that are especially related to organizational maturity in understanding the importance of the issue of efficient performance appraisal system. Undoubtedly, in all the presented models, the performance evaluation of Tehran Municipality has shortcomings that need to be considered, reviewed and corrected and their pathology can lead to continuous growth and improvement. Therefore, in this paper, the pathology of Tehran urban management performance evaluation model has been studied. In other words, the purpose of this pathology study is institutional, legal, managerial-executive, contextual, cultural and social, and based on this, to determine the effective indicators and components to improve the system, which results in complication, self-correction, cohesion and there is more integration between the performance of different levels throughout the system.

Nowadays, due to the increase of sensitivities towards human well-being and the necessity of using the capacities of remote and deprived areas from the flow of development, attention to such areas has become the focus of attention, and accordingly, many approaches have been made in The general format of regional development has been presented and in some cases, they have come to the fore and been implemented, which can be referred to as the decentralization approach, institutional development, urban network growth, attention to deprived rural areas, foreign investment and the like. . The approach of institutional-economic regeneration has a more comprehensive and integrated vision to solve the problems of such regions, especially in the use of environmental and territorial capacities, especially the coasts and open waters, which also provide many opportunities for regional transformation. and improve the quality of people's lives. However, the institutional-economic regeneration of remote areas is often faced with challenges, the passage of which requires the adoption of strategies such as the regeneration of the government, the creation of nuclei of mobility and change, the approach to the strategy of gradual reforms, the adoption of the strategy of small successes and strengthening Institutional and social trust capacities. Makran region with special geographic-communication characteristics that has irreplaceable capacities for the development of a part of the vast land around it, which seems to require the use of the stimulating model of development in the fields It is different infrastructural, economic, institutional, social, this research is about the feasibility of development stimulating projects and planning components (political, managerial and strategic, legal, economic, social and environmental), design (background factors e, sense of place and identity) and the implementation of these projects in order to stimulate development in Makran region.

Healthy city approach examines the quality of life of the people of a society from the environmental aspect, community health, individual and social living environment, social welfare, etc. In this descriptive-analytical research, with the aim of identifying the indicators of a healthy city, the environmental situation of Tehran was evaluated and compared.

The statistical population is selected Asian cities and 22 districts of Tehran. The status of each of the indicators has also been collected separately from library sources and organizational references. At first, in order to determine and recognize the degree of proximity of Tehran city to the indicators of a healthy city, using the fuzzy network analysis model and Vicor ranking model, the position of this city among selected Asian cities was determined and prioritized. Then, by referring to the specific weights of the indicators and Vicor model, the ranking of each of the 22 districts of Tehran was done, in order to determine the importance of each of them in the current situation of Tehran.

The obtained results indicate that Tehran ranks sixth among the selected Asian cities, but it has a lower rank in all the examined criteria than the average values ​​obtained. Among the regions of Tehran, this survey also showed that regions 22, 18 and 6 are in the best condition and regions 9, 10 and 12 are in the worst condition.

These results show that Tehran has taken steps towards achieving the indicators of a healthy city, but due to various reasons, it has not been able to achieve these indicators in 22 regions with tasteful management. The proposed strategy is an adaptive approach and improving governance capacity.

The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of security and vitality of the urban space on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj. This research was applied and its method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was all the residents of Karaj (1,592,492 people), out of which 384 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sample size formula. The tool used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire.The findings of the research have shown that the relationship between the safety and security and the vitality of urban spaces with the development of citizenship relations among the citizens of Karaj is significant, and in the meantime, according to the values of the correlation coefficient, the relationship between the vitality of urban spaces and the development of citizenship relationships is more intense. . Also, the statistical characteristic of the regression has also shown that 43.5% of the variance related to the development of citizenship relations among the residents of Shahr Karaj is explained by the variables of safety and security, liveliness and readability. that the vitality variable of urban spaces has the highest impact factor and safety and security has the lowest factor. The safety and security of the urban space has had an impact on the development of citizen relations on Gohardasht street in Shahr Karaj, which has a significant impact factor. In addition, among the two investigated variables (safety and vitality), the safety variable had the least impact on the relationship of citizenship. The vitality of the urban space has had an impact on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj, and its impact coefficient is also significant. In addition, among the two investigated variables (safety and liveliness), the liveliness variable has had the greatest impact on citizen communication, the result is that the liveliness of urban spaces, especially in Gohar-Dasht Karaj Street, has had an impact on the social communication of citizens. Because when the space has the necessary vitality, a person's presence in this space creates a feeling of happiness and joy in him, which leads to establishing a relationship with others. This happiness has led to the strengthening of the sense of belonging to the city in the citizens, and since it satisfies a natural need, it will give him a sense of happiness in life.

Urbanization, as the second revolution in human culture, has caused a change in the interaction between humans and the environment. This transformation has caused changes in the living environment. In the new era, smartening factors in cities have led to a significant growth of all major variables of citizenship life. Based on this, the purpose of the present study is an analysis of urban intelligence in promoting urban livability in District 2 of Tehran Municipality. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The collection of field data is based on a questionnaire. Research findings based on the Vickover model show that the level of livability of neighborhoods is very different. Saadatabad, the most livable neighborhood, is located in front of Farahzad neighborhood in unfavorable conditions. The results of correlation coefficient show a direct relationship between smart city and city livability with a correlation coefficient of 0.666. Also, the results of t-test show that among the studied components, the intelligent citizen component with a beta coefficient of 0.563 had the greatest impact on viability.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the informal settlements of Rasht in order to provide sustainable urban regeneration strategies. In this regard, using descriptive-analytical method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the information. The research sample includes 50 urban experts and specialists who have been purposefully sampled. In order to achieve the research objectives, first SWOT analysis and then QSPM matrix were used. Based on SWOT analysis, it was found that the most appropriate strategies for the sustainable reconstruction of informal settlements in Rasht are the use of conservative strategies based on the use of opportunities to minimize weaknesses. Thus, 5 strategies were developed, which were evaluated with the help of QSPM matrix, and finally, the strategy of "preparing a comprehensive study plan for organizing related to sustainable urban regeneration in the form of a" comprehensive joint action plan "with respect to short-term, medium-term time levels. "Long-term and impactful and defining the role of each of the governmental and private organizations and institutions and public participation" was selected as the best strategy for sustainable reconstruction of informal settlements in Rasht.

Since in recent decades in Iran, rural development and improving the welfare of villagers has been one of the main goals of implementing development programs and development is closely related to entrepreneurship Therefore, by creating new employment and income opportunities, an effective role can be created in improving the economic and living conditions of the villages. Business development is one of the effective factors in rural development. Due to the fact that many tourist attractions are located in rural areas , therefore, paying attention to rural tourism can play an important role in the development of rural economy. This research is applied in terms of purpose and the results of research in other areas can be used and in terms of method of work, it is descriptive-analytical. Based on a survey of experts and specialists, 10 tourist villages were selected and In terms of 5 indicators related to entrepreneurship and rural economy developments such as: the role of tourism in economic development , inhibitory factors, promoting factors, the willingness of villagers, measuring the level of entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurship policies were studied.Items related to each index were scored on a 5-point Likert scale and questions related to each of the headings were set. In this research, SPSS software has been used to extract the questionnaire data and the T-test method was used to the hypotheses. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial development. More entrepreneurial activities take place in the villages that have more tourism.

Evaluation of the viability indicators can be used for comparing the status of different geographical areas of the city and prioritizing them in terms of facilities, services, and urban bottlenecks. The purpose of the present study is to prioritize the viability of Shahrekord districts and neighborhoods based on the role of urban management. The present study is descriptive and applied research. The population of the study consisted of 160000 inhabitants of Shahrekord. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: social, economic, and environmental with 85 items. The collected data were analyzed by Friedman test using the  SPSS22 and GIS software. The results indicated that most of the administrative and service centers are located in district 1 of the city and thus it is ranked first in terms of viability, while district 2 is in the second rank. Also, the ranking of different neighborhoods in the city of Shahrekord indicates that the neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city are far from the center and due to their heterogeneous population and suburbs, lack of suitable facilities and services ranks last as far as viability is concerned while downtown areas are in a better condition.

The night's identity of the city is an important part of the identity of a modern city. Undoubtedly, Tehran, as the most populous city in Iran, has bright nights, whose residents need the city to be alive for more hours to reach the urban space so that they can be safe and away from the worries of living with friends and Make their families feelOf course, it should be noted that if these needs are to be met in the bright and safe streets of Tehran, it must be done with the full supervision of those in charge and the formulation of laws in urban policies, because in this case there is no guarantee that these places are harmful. is not Therefore, considering the importance of nightlife, it can be acknowledged that the capital of Iran needs to recreate nightlife because in terms of social, economic and cultural structure has a direct impact on the lives of citizens. The main purpose of this study is to pay attention to the role of tourism and leisure in the vitality of urban spaces with a focus on nightlife and social vitality in District 12 of Tehran. This study shows that tourism and leisure play an important role in the vitality of urban spaces in District 12 of the municipality, which can create nightlife spaces in District 12.The research method of this research is based on the nature of the research problem, descriptive-analytical method and the type of applied-developmental research. To collect the data, library and field methods have been used and by identifying the effective variables on the problem that have been obtained through the theoretical foundations of the dissertation and study experiences, first appropriate indicators for component analysis have been set and then data analysis using a questionnaire. In the present study, for collecting information from library methods and based on the information available in the heart of Tehran.

Urban furniture is one of the attractions and welfare facilities that are basically developed to serve the citizens, and the use of these facilities by tourists can help their continuation and provide reasons for the development of tourism in those cities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of urban furniture in choosing a tourist destination with the case study of Taleghan Township.

The research is of descriptive and analytical type and was done in library and field method. The statistical population is tourists entering the region and according to Cochran's formula,384 people were randomly selected. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed and statistical tests of T-Tech and SPSS software have been used to analyze the data.

The results of the research show that urban furniture and the provision of appropriate and high-quality urban services play a very important role in choosing a tourist destination and creating satisfaction among tourists entering tourist destination cities. In connection with Taleghan Township, this city can increase its attractiveness by reviewing the organization of urban furniture and targeting the placement of urban furniture in order to increase the attraction of tourists, and in order to create an attractive environment, it can improve its tourism status in the region.

The rapid growth and development of cities in the last century, and especially in recent decades, led to the prevalence of urban plans to balance urban development, and industrialized and developed countries as the first countries began to plan for their cities. In Iran, too, urban growth and development began with a delay, but in practice includes the same problems that Western cities faced. In fact, the urban development developments of the last 200 years of the industrial world and the last 100 years of Iran and the metropolis of Tehran are no different except for the difference in time and place. The main problem of both delays in the perception of necessity is the facts and the rawness of urban planning ideas. The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the viability of urban areas of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Also, in order to identify various dimensions of livability in urban areas of Tehran, using the latest statistics, information and questionnaire tools in the form of 11 components and among 10 districts of Tehran Region 1, it has been studied and its results have been evaluated using factor analysis model. In this paper, first, using factor analysis, the indicators are reduced and a set of factors involved in the viability rate are extracted, and then, using the standardized rating ranking method, the ten areas of region one of Tehran are ranked. The obtained results show that the rankings of the districts of region one of Tehran are: District 1, District 10, District 5, District 4, District 8, District 7, District 6, District 3, District 2, District 9, respectively. In this ranking, zone one has the highest viability rank and zone nine is in an unfavorable position in terms of viability.

Urban managers and designers are looking for ways to solve problems caused by population growth and increasing migration to large cities. Designing new cities on the outskirts of metropolitan areas to accommodate their overflowing population is one of these solutions. However, new cities will face demographic and ecological crises caused by rapid growth and sudden influx of population without purposeful and organized control and proper infrastructure. Developing new cities was first approved in 1985 as a policy to curb the uncontrolled population growth and migration to large cities in Iran. New cities are mainly developed to ensure proportional distribution of population in the desired urban area, decentralization of the metropolis, improvement of living and service standards, and prevention of unreasonable increase in land and housing prices. In accordance with the policies assigned for the development of new cities and serious restrictions on further development of Tehran metropolitan area especially on agricultural lands, and due to the high slope of land in the northern parts of the city, high groundwater level and inadequate soil penetration resistance in the southern parts of the city, the city being earthquake-prone, existing restrictions on the development of infrastructure, facilities, transportation network and water supply, inversion phenomenon and limitations the ecosystem will face with more population, development of 5 new cities in the suburban area of Tehran was approved by authorities.

Questionnaire and interview-based survey methods have been used in the present descriptive and analytical study. Data collection was performed using documentary and field study methods. Qualitative research techniques and content analysis tools have been used to select commonly used important research indicators from related literature. Following data collection from relevant organizations and institutions, a binary comparison questionnaire was prepared for each group of criteria. Using the Delphi method, urban planning experts were asked to comment on these tables. To evaluate and weight the obtained criteria, AHP method and Expert Choice 11 were used and the average was calculated in EXCEL. Pardis was selected as the case study to evaluate the opinions of new cities' residents. In survey and field study, tools such as questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to investigate the social and economic status in the new city of Pardis. A questionnaire was prepared based on Likert five-point scoring scale to determine the level of satisfaction in residents of Pardis city and to see whether in practice residents benefit more from the criteria assigned a higher weight by experts. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among 450 people and the results were evaluated in SPSS.

Findings indicate that proximity to the capital, acceptable roads, fair weather condition, fewer traffic jams, and lower house prices are among the reasons for satisfaction of Pardis residents. However, previous residents of Tehran expect a living standard similar to living standards in this city so there is still a long road ahead for Pardis city to fulfil its basic plans of offering settlements and employment for at least a population of 200 thousands and obviating the need for daily commutes. Findings indicate that 40% of the employed population commute daily which results in dissatisfaction and an unnecessary increase in household monthly expenses while turning the city into an unproductive dormitory town. Based on what was analyzed theoretically in the present study, as well as our knowledge of the prosperity, dynamism, population, and civilization level of new cities, it seems that a technocratic view based on instrumental rationality in a rent-seeking economy has ultimately led into the present situation in which large-scale urban development projects have been reduced into a series of housing projects. Therefore, various social issues and the problem of identity and dynamism have become a major issue in the urban system of new cities. However, paying attention to vitality and sustainable social development, as well as reviewing and redefining patterns and procedures have made an important turning point and created the required capacity for urban development management and foresight which shall be expanded to reach a useful executive plan and develop its theoretical and practical basis.

Results indicate that the new city of Pardis has achieved objectives of the detailed plan to some extent, but poor infrastructure, lack of sufficient number of employments for the households and lack of economic dynamism have created a city dependent on external employment and thus failing to achieve the utmost goals of the plan.

Although improving the quality of life in informal settlements and urban areas has long been the focus of experts, but in recent years it has become more common in the country's development programs and policies. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable urban regeneration programs on improving the quality of life of residents of informal settlements (case study: Rasht). Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the information is collected in the form of documents, libraries and surveys using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups: 1) citizens living in the areas; 2) Experts and specialists related to the issue of urban regeneration in Guilan province. The sample size was announced using Cochran's formula for the first group of 400 people and for the second group of 300 people, which has been sampled in an unlikely way. Also, for data analysis, structural equation modeling methods with partial least squares approach and t-test were used. The results showed that sustainable urban regeneration programs have a positive and significant effect on the quality of life of informal settlements. It was also found that the status of the mentioned programs in Soleimandarab neighborhood was successful, Ainak was relatively successful, Paskiab was relatively unsuccessful and in Nokhodchar neighborhood was unsuccessful and the quality of life in Soleimandarab neighborhood was relatively favorable, Ainak was relatively unfavorable and in Paskiab and Nakhodchar neighborhoods was unfavorable.

Construction activities form a major part of the entire economic and productive activities of the country. It is that the results of the factors affecting construction of construction violations in cities in the country, social, economic and legal factors have led to violations and always the continuation of the law of escapes. The conflict with regulations in social institutions of societies is gradually accepted as a general belief. Construction violations also have many consequences in cities, including demolition of city, density, and unauthorized cabaries. District 3 of Tehran Region 16 is always considered as one of the most extensive construction areas of Tehran. The present study with descriptive-analytical and applied method has investigated the factors affecting the offenses of urban construction. The statistical society of all experts The construction area consisted of 30 people according to Cochran formula. The purpose of the questionnaire and the collection of information in this way was to determine the factors affecting urban construction violations. The data analysis tool was carried out through descriptive statistics, SPSS software and regression and average regression model. Gave the most important consequences of construction violations in urban system, building safety and parking conversion to residential and commercial space, and in the most important factors affecting construction violations, the highest amount of violations associated with urban management and economic factors is.

     District 3 of the Municipality of Region 16, including neighborhoods of Besat, Treasury and Ali Abad North, which, according to the Deputy of the Municipality of the Municipality of Region 16, has the most construction violations among all areas of the region 16. (Center for Urban District Studies Region 16, 1399). Equipment and electronic equipment and equipment in most buildings, lack of strength, and the creation of problems in all environmental, physical, social and motion areas, and access, etc.. According to the above, the main question of the present research This is what the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations in the area of ​​the 3 municipality of the region 16 include what factors and construction violations in the area of ​​the 3 municipality of the region 16, especially in recent years, have the consequences on the physical and residential and social space of the 16 region. Is?

     The present study in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical research and in terms of objective use (practical).In the present study, the statistical population of all experts, experts, employees and urban managers of the municipality of the region of 16 of Tehran are among them, 30 of them as sample size and 30 questionnaires were estimated by Cochran formula. Depending on the statistical population, various methods for sampling can be used, which in the present study was used by snowball sampling.In order to analyze the indicators and based on the results obtained from the questionnaire, field observations and official documents, the findings were analyzed using SPSS software.

     In the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations, economic factors with 4.21 equivalent to 84% of the impact and performance of urban management in construction violations with 4.14 equivalent to 83% of the impact, the most important role in the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations in the area 3 The Tehran region is played. In the context of assessing the most important consequences of construction violations in the region 3 region of 16, this seems to be the most important construction of construction in the 3rd area with 4.81 and equivalent to 96.2 and then on the safety of buildings and transforming parking to residential and commercial parking with 4.28 is equivalent to 85.6.

     Based on the statistics and results of the results, the results show that in general construction violations from the years 1394 to 1398 in the region 3, total 2117 violations have been recorded and among the 995 cases in the treasury neighborhood, 43 cases in Besat's settlement and 1079 cases were recorded in the neighborhood of Ali Abad North. In the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations, the results showed that in total, the highest amount of violations associated with urban management and economic factors and factors are also factors such as the income of the municipality from the place of crimes of construction violations, the motivation to meet family needs Through the construction or development of illegal building, the lack of observance of technical principles in order to save the financial and profitability of owners and manufacturers of construction violations were determined as the main factors affecting construction violations in the region of the 3 district of Tehran. In the context of measuring the most important consequences of construction violations in the 3rd region of Tehran, the results also showed that most of the most important consequences of construction violations were more on urban communication, building safety and parking transformation into residential and commercial space

In recent decades, the issue of resilience has become a specialized and public issue in society. Concepts of resilience in urban communities, which is in fact an action against development at the national level and purely physical development on an urban scale, and an attempt to achieve qualitative standards in the field of urban planning. In the meantime, the issue of resilience in urban communities means that society is able to withstand severe natural disasters without major damage, injury, production stoppage and reduced quality of life, and also at the superficial level, the goal of resilience as an ideal. The world is at the individual, organizational and community level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urban governance on urban resilience. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Tehran and experts in the field of research. The sample size was estimated for the statistical group of citizens using Cochran's formula 384 people and for specialists 60 people. In order to analyze the information and achieve the research objectives, structural equation modeling in LISREL software environment was used. Findings of this study showed that urban governance has a direct effect on urban resilience so that 0.42% of the variance of urban resilience variable can be explained by urban governance.

 Nanotechnology is one of the new scientific topics that has led to economic growth in the world. We need a well-designed plan to apply this technology in rural areas and agricultural products, and creating the right policies for the growth and development of villages.  According to the 1404 horizon planning document on the development of nanotechnology, this technology is intended to generate wealth and improve the quality of life of people because it is one of the most important technological developments that can change the structure of production and economic processes in society, especially rural areas. This science is the most important key to economic potential in the 21st century. Therefore, this study aims to identify planning indicators and categorize them based on content analysis while evaluating the advantages and limitations of developing nanotechnology products based on the appropriate strategy model in the development of rural communities.

 This research is applied and and in terms of method is a quantitative, descriptive and explanatory type. Data was collected using library and field methods.  In the field study, a questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.77 was used to interview the experts of the Nanotechnology headquarters, the Organization of Rural and Urban Municipalities, and the professors in the department of geography and rural planning, as well as the agricultural extension and education in Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, which are considered as the statistical population. Since the responsibility of recognizing the strategy is considered to be on senior managers and experts, and they must have a systemic view about the objectives and missions of the organization, 122 individuals as a sample size using a snowball sampling method was considered for this study. The applied research model is SWOT strategic analysis and the quantitative strategic planning model is QSPM. Consequently, implementing the QSPM quantitative model matrix, social, economic, infrastructural and political-managerial factors was prioritized.

 Matrix scoring of external factors shows that the total final score in this matrix is 2.28, which is less than 2.5, so the development of nano-products in rural communities is in threat in terms of external factors. It will also be ahead of its opportunities. In addition, the result of scoring the matrix of internal factors shows the sum of the total final score is 1.68, which is less than 2.5, so the development of nano-products is weak in terms of internal factors. This issue confirms the weakness of the development of nano-products over their strength. Therefore, it seems that there are noticeable number of weaknesses for the development of nano-products in rural development, and by examining and targeting them can increase the development of these products in rural communities. According to the loading of social, economic, infrastructure and political-managerial indicators in the SWOT planning quality matrix and specifically evaluation scores of 2.28 for external factors and 1.16 for internal factors, a defensive strategy for the development of nanotechnology products in rural communities is determined, which ultimately develops four defensive strategies to achieve long-term goals. Including: (WT1): implementing knowledge workers in the field of nano to evaluate and assess the need to reduce the errors of economic development planning of rural communities. (WT2): determining the monitoring mechanisms in order to measure the risks of implementing the policy program related to the Nanotechnology development program on 1404 horizon.  (WT3): establishment of a risk assessment office regarding the use of nano-products in the Ministry of Agriculture Jahad and the country's rural development organization. (WT4): establishment of incubator in cooperation with rural ICT offices to raise the knowledge about use of nano-products in rural industries. In the Ministry of Agriculture Jahad and the rural municipality organization over the country. The fourth priority with a score of 4.09 shows the use of specialized labor in the field of nanotechnology to assess the need to reduce errors in the economic development planning of rural communities. Since relatively few chance will be available to address the weaknesses, according to the defensive strategy, we must adopt strategies for risk assessment, awareness and the use of specialized labor while being cautious and conservative. This requires inspecting the predictors for the future in plans and policies to maximize opportunities.