فهرست مطالب aliasghar bagheri

The savory(Satureja macrantha) belongs to the mint family, it is an annual or multi-year plant, Iran has 12 annual or multi-year grass species. In many studies, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach strengthening and digestion facilitating properties of this genus have been reported. Nisome is a important surfactant-based non-ionic vesicle. Niosomes offer several advantages for drug delivery systems, including osmotically active, chemical stability and long retention time compared to liposomes. In the present study, niosomes extracted from as a drug are dynamically evaluated by calorimetric method (Folin's method). In this study niosomes formulation containing Satureja macrantha extract, in order to achieve the optimal formulation, different formulations were prepared based on the molar ratio of Span 60/Tween 60, cholesterol and with a sonication time of 7 minutes. The niosomes extracted from the savory plant significantly inhibited the activity of the two bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus ) and (Escherichia coli) tested in the present study.

Many abilities of Monte Carlo simulation methods have led to their increasing use in solving various reliability problems of structures. These methods are based on generating random samples in order to simulate events and estimate their results. Achieving certain accuracy requires a significant number of simulation operations. Acceptable accuracies can be achieved with a smaller number of samples by adopting different approaches. In this article, for the first time, symmetric structures are analyzed using the theory of graphs and canonical forms, the frequency of the structures is calculated, and their reliability is also checked using these theories. Also, the study and investigation of the calculation of frequencies and eigenvectors corresponding to symmetric structural models from the point of view of the decomposition of the stiffness matrix in probabilistic reliability analysis, which we will achieve this goal by using the proposed theories. In this article, in addition to obtaining all canonical forms, the relationship between all canonical forms is obtained. Finally, a new Rayleigh-based theory called the proposed improved Rayleigh theory is presented, which is used to extract the natural frequencies of structures. Also, in this research, several samples of different frames and structures were presented using the proposed method and finally, numerical results were presented and the solution of the three-story frame with 24 degrees of freedom was presented. It can be seen from the results that the proposed method has a much higher speed and accuracy than the Monte Carlo method.

This article used a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the introvertive and extrovertive mystical experiences of Baha Walad and Laozi, based on the views of Walter Stace. Both types of gnostic experience are found in Baha Walad’s experiences, referred to metaphorically as “taste”. In extrovertive gnostic experience, God is hidden in the instinct and the reality of hidden senses and forms the essence of the universe. Behind all the sensual, spiritual, material, and physical phenomena of the universe, Baha experiences a God who is the agent and the possessor. The mystical introvertive and extrovertive experiences of Baha are realized by denying the senses, faces, and sensual appearances and attaining the unity which is the universe without question, without condition, and placeless. The truth of Allah is existentially based on nothingness, simplicity, and nebulousness. In Laozi's mystical experience, both types of mystical experience are found, which, unlike Baha's experience, has been metaphorically named “untaste”. In the extrovertive experience of Laozi, not only are both existence and nature Dao's manifestations, but He has a permanent presence in the world and is followed by existence and nature. In the introvertive mystical experience of Lozi, Dao is an entirely unknown and non-existent matter that eluding from any cognitive experience and only Shen Jen's soul can be aware of.

One of the new fields in nanotechnology is the use of nanogels to improve the release of drug and increase its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia diffusa extract encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels against the pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, A. diffusa extract was first obtained by maceration method using aqueous solvent. The extract was then encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels and the nanogels prepared were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The release of the extract was also investigated at different times, temperatures and pHs. Finally, the antimicrobial effects of nanogels encapsulated extract and free extract against the pathogenic bacteria were investigated by the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results showed that the synthesized nanogels had a spherical structure and an average size of 85 nm. FTIR results also showed that the extract was trapped within the nanogel structure. The release rate of the extract had a good pattern. Antimicrobial results showed that the nanogels encapsulated extract had lower MIC than the extract. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that hyaluronic acid nanogels encapsulated extract have significant antimicrobial effects and it can be used in the pharmaceutical industry in the future with more studies.

The effects of the western literature on the Contemporary fictionists of Iran are undeniable. The Theater of the Absurd is one of the pioneered and recognized literary traditions in theater that was initiated in the 1950s with its widespread effects on English as well as other countries’ fictions. Bahram Sadeghi is among the Iranian writers influenced by that. The present article tries to answer the question that: “Do elements of absurdity exist in Malakut”? and based on that, “Could it be considered as an absurd story?” First, the social, political, and literary contexts of the Theater of the Absurd in Europe and then its historical accounts and the early practitioners are introduced in the present article. Second, based on the earlier credible studies of the Theater of the Absurd, is the appreciation and implication of absurdity in literature. And third, different examples of the selected elements are chosen from the text of the story, each of which followed by an explanation. The writer has used most of the important elements of absurdity in his work, and has been successful in creating an absurd world and situations that are intricately interwoven with the innermost temperaments and predisposition of the characters. Therefore, Malakut can be considered a prominent example of the Persian Absurd fiction.

The theater of the absurd, with its roots in French theater, is one of the literary traditions influenced by the political events of the 20th century Europe. Fast spreading all over Europe, its effects were evident on other literary forms. At the same time, Iranian intellectuals developed an interest in it and introduced its masterpieces in translations to the Iranians. Having been influenced by the political events of the 1330s and the 1340s, absurdist works began to emerge in Iran too. Mahdi Akhavan-Sales was one of the early practitioners who tried his hand at this new form. This article deals with the intellectual and the historical backgrounds of absurdism in western literature, the meaning of the word ‘absurd’ and its place in the European literature, and its features and implications. In the following part, the socio-political situations of the 1330s and the 1340s, which are the historical background to Akhavan’s "Katibeh", are presented. The third part is dedicated to identification and an in-depth analysis of the absurdist features of this poem. Finally, it is concluded that Akhavan was quite familiar with this tradition and has almost used all its features in "Katibeh".

Among therapeutic approaches for amyloid-related diseases, attention has recently turned to the use of natural products as effective anti-aggregation compounds. Although a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates some common inhibitory activity of these compounds, they don’t generally suggest the same mechanism of action. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red absorbance measurements, and atomic force microscopy the ability of taxifolin on the inhibition of HEWL amyloid fibrillation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to HEWL prefibrillar species. Furthermore, it’s binding results in diverting the amyloid pathway toward formation of very large globular, chain-like aggregates with low β-sheet content and reduced solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches. ThT fluorescence measurements show that the binding capacity of taxifolin is significantly reduced, upon generation of large protofibrillar aggregates at the end of growth phase. We believe these results may help design promising inhibitors of protein aggregation for amyloid-related diseases.

Abiotic stress including salinity is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. The endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increasesplant resistance to environmental stresses including salinity, drought and plantpathogens. In order to study, experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replicationsand with two levels of p.indica–inoculated and non-p.indica-inoculated rice(control) and four levels of NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM). This research deals with the potential of P. indica to improve growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and increase its resistance to salt stress with base on increasing of antioxidant enzyme activities. Our study demonstrated P.indica significantly increased growth parameters for example shoot and root biomass, Relative Water Content(RWC), proline content and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in contrast, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (produced from peroxidation of membrane lipids) in p.indica–inoculated than non-p.indica-inoculated rice under all of salt stress conditions.
So our results showed that P. indica-induced protection of O.sativa against salt stress could be mediated by antioxidant enzymes.

Abiotic stress including Salt stress is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. Many of the Salinity affects are seen at the cellular levels. In order to understand the response of Oryza sativa to salt stress, some of antioxidant enzyme activities, Lipid peroxidation and Proline content were analyzed. Oryza sativa plant was treated by NaCl 0(control), 100, 200 and 300 mM for 14 days. For this purpose, a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results showed that Growth parameters for example fresh and dry weight and height of shoot decreased under increasing NaCl. With increasing the concentration of NaCl, The activity of Catalase(CAT) and Ascorbat peroxidase(APX) were increased, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased with increasing NaCl to 200 mM and then decreased at 300mM. Proline (Pro) and Malondialdehyde(MDA) contents respectively increased 2 and 3.6-fold at 300mM NaCl relative to the 0mM NaCl. Our results showed that by increasing the activity of CAT, SOD and APX associated with increased Proline had a positive effect on salt tolerance of Oryza sativa.

Abiotic stresses including salinity are the major limiting factors of growth and crop production worldwide. Microbial endophytes as the most important soil microorganisms, by modifying plants at genetical, physiological and ecological levels increase their yield per area unit and provide the possibility of crop production in saline and arid soils or climates with biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increases plant resistance to environmental stresses including salinity, drought and plant pathogens. We compared some growth parameters, physiological and biochemical responses such as total soluble proteins, Relative Water Content(RWC), lipid peroxidation, free proline content, and enzyme antioxidants(catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase) activity of p.indica–inoculated and non-p.indica-inoculated(controls) rice(Oryza sativa) under salt stress. The obtained results show that P. indica increase the biomass of aerial parts and root, total soluble proteins, Relative Water Content (RWC), free proline content and enzyme antioxidants activity of inoculated rice in compared to the controls. In contrast, Lipid peroxidation decreased in inoculated rice in compared to the controls. The obtained results of this research indicated that the effective role of this fungus to improve growth of rice under salt stress conditions