فهرست مطالب alireza gharagozlu

Drinking water pollution has become one of the most important issues in everyday human life. This study covered a 1580 square kilometers area. In this research, the quality of Varamin drinking water was studied in terms of heavy metal contaminants including lead, zinc, arsenic, and cadmium.

In this study, 30 samples of Varamin drinking water were collected and analyzed using ICP-OES EOP after preparation in the laboratory. The map of heavy metal distribution was prepared using Arc GIS to determine the degree of heavy metal pollution and distribution in the region’s drinking water. Two indices of Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) based on concentration and heavy metals in the region proportionate to the maximum allowed concentration for drinking were used to determine the degree of regional drinking water pollution.

The results of the study on heavy metal contaminants including lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, arsenic, chromium, and iron using two methods of pollution index evaluation showed that the heavy elements were less than 10 according to Heavy Metal Evaluation method and the pollution degree was low. The results of Heavy Metal Pollution method showed that these elements were at pollution threshold value in most stations under study.

Based on the zoning in this region by inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation in ArcGIS, it was concluded that the highest degree of heavy elements was in northwestern and western part of the city and the lowest degree was in northeastern part of the city.

In a period that accessibility to the natural environments for people is constantly diminished in urban areas, the design of a space that could respond the human’s need to have relationship with nature specially for children, have an important role on mental and character aspects of people and also the cultivation of nature and environmental protection. According to the Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory, naturalistic intelligence is one of the nine types of intelligence in children which is depend on child’s relation to the nature. In fact, the Nature Experience Principle by children and the necessity of planning for creating spaces in order to develop this experience especially for urbanite children, is an opportunity for increasing this relationship. The aim of this paper is to present the principles and criteria for designing a child's park for nurturing naturalistic intelligence. This research is an applied and qualitative research, which through an analytical and descriptive approach, investigates the views and opinions of scholars and the relationships between them. Data in this research are collected through library studies which are analyzed by document analysis technic. After introducing the characteristics and demand of children specially aged 6 to 12 years, present the factors influencing nurturing naturalistic intelligence in children, then principles and legislation for designing play grounds are summed up. Finally according to Nature Experience and other studies, some patterns for designing child’s park matches for children’s demand in order to nurturing their naturalistic intelligence are proposed. The results of this research, will provide the opportunity for making decisions for increasing the relationship between a child and nature and also establishment the culture of respecting to nature and protecting environment in urban spaces from childhood.

Swarm intelligence is one of the new growing methods that is considered in artificial intelligence as a function of the social interaction of components. The Basics of swarm intelligence are based on the study of the behavior of social organisms such as some insects (bees, ants, termites) or even humans. The issue of using meta-heuristic methods for application in hybrid optimization problems is a rapidly growing field of research. This is due to the importance of hybrid optimization issues in the world of industry and science. In recent years, one of the most important and promising researches has been "supra-innovative methods derived from nature", which has had very good results in solving problems of combined problems. Meta-heuristic algorithms are used to solve a problem when, as the size of the problem increases dramatically, so-called NP-hard problems. One of the most widely used meta-innovative methods in this field is the ant colony optimization algorithm, which is used today in solving the problems of spatial resource allocation, routing, and location in GIS environments. In this research, while examining the ant colony algorithm, its expression and parameters required for use in the GIS environment are discussed. The ability of algorithms based on food search in the ant colony algorithm is significantly dependent on the optimal determination of the parameters in these algorithms.

 High concentration of elements (particularly heavy elements) have been always associated with environmental problems in terms of threats for local animals and plants, making it necessary to determine the concentration of heavy elements when assessing environmental quality. Geogenically high concentration of heavy elements and their spread across protected zones tend to impose irreparable damages to regional environment.

 In the present research, remote sensing studies based on ETM and ASTER data were undertaken to determine regional alterations and structures, and geochemical studies were performed to determine how and why environmentally heavy elements are spread across Palang-Darreh region and Dali deposit located in Markazi province, with the results finally compiled into an environmental interpretation. Approximately, a total of 471 samples were processed، of which 62 samples were taken from Palang-Darreh area. The samples taken from Palang-Darreh area were analyzed via ICP and ICP-OES methods.

 Once finished with processing and statistically analyzing the chemical data، elemental anomaly diagrams and maps were prepared and, finally, statistical populations were investigated with respect to the international criteria set by WHO (World Health Organization).

It was indicated that, high concentration of some elements across the area was of geogenic nature. Since this location is a protected area and Dali mine is situated here, so survey of medical geology studies and proper solutions were presented to lower human and environmental of locations.

Land use surveys and review of environmental changes are one of the most important aspects of environmental management for future planning.

After image processing by using ERDAS software Landsat images (TM, ETM+) and Aster image (taken in 1989, 2000 and in 2011(in order to demonstrates Anzali land use changes during 3 decades, each image was classified separately, in six classes of land uses/covers: 1- built-up areas, 2- agricultural, 3- barren, 4- forest,         5- wetland, and 6- water bodies and then, the primary land use map was extracted for each image. Having finished the image classification stage, accuracy of classification was determined and area coverage for all six types of land use within the Anzali were calculated over three decades.

The results predicted a declining trend of 10.64% in forest, 8.52% in Anzali wetland and 11.54% in barren land during1989 to 2011, and also an increasing trend of 7.1% in urban areas for a time span 1989-2021. Major expansions in urban areas were witnessed around western and eastern borders of the city, particularly close to the eastern border. Scattered expansions were also predicted in Anzali wetlands registered in Ramsar Convention (Southern borders).

This study provides an opportunity to define and apply better strategies for environmental management of land use in order to make an optimized balance between urban development and ecological protection of environmental resources.

Predicting the results of the implementation of strategic air pollution control policies is the first and most important challenge for Tehran municipality. The main objective of this study was to define a specific method for assessing the result of urban air pollution controlling strategies in Tehran metropolis using a multi-dimensional decision support system. First, the most appropriate air pollution control strategies were selected based on existing conditions and structures in each zone of the city and then weighed according to selected criteria. Based on the spatial monitoring of air pollution formation patterns in the past and present time, as well as the analysis of their effects, the results of implementing air pollution control strategies were simulated using Geo-Artificial Neural Network models. In the next step, variables of time series and uncertainty variables were simulated for predicting the potential future air pollution patterns and finally, the results of the defined control strategies were evaluated based on spatial thematic layers. Definition of final clusters of air quality control strategies, weighting and ranking of the selected policies based on defined criteria have been the first findings of this research. Also, extraction of time series zoning based on the data collected during a four-year period, as well as simulation of the baseline scenario models and spatial data layers of their output were among the achievements of this study. Finally, the modeling of the predictive variables, design of the air quality control software and the prediction of the results of the the implementation of air pollution control strategies were presented. The results showed that by applying the Geo-Artificial Neural Network models (GANN), the urban managers could effectively predict the results of implementing the air pollution control strategies. The results of this study showed that the spatio-temporal analysis supports the process of evaluation and prediction of the effects of pollution and can be used to determine the best pollution control strategies for the zones affected by air pollution. The final results of GANN models indicate that if the selected strategies are implemented based on the scenarios defined, in the "optimistic scenario", air quality in all areas of Tehran is completely stable and remains healthy, while in the "ordinary scenario" will reduce the level of air pollution up to 70 percent in the autumn and winter season if the selected strategies are implemented compared to the lack of implementation of control plans. The final model of the verification process model also confirmed that the pattern of pollution predicted by the model in each of the urban areas had a proper trend and adaptation compared to the pattern of contamination obtained from the actual results of the field data.

One of the most important steps in designing seismic rehabilitation programs for urban areas in metropolises is determining the region’s risk level. There is no doubt of cast that the implementation of a seamless seismic rehabilitation program can secure urban areas against seismic damages. However, these plans face some difficulties in most cases. For instance, their execution costs are very high, or, they are really time-consuming in some cases. It is obvious that a coherent rehabilitation strategy will be effective if it can distinguish executive priorities by identifying areas with high level of risk, and focusing primarily on improving the general condition of these areas. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of the 7th region of Tehran is studied. For this purpose, the main parameters that affect the vulnerability of the region are identified first. Then, considering the uncertainties in these parameters, their impact on the vulnerability of the region is determined. ArcGIS software is used not only to model the impact of these parameters, but also for data training. The results of this study show the vulnerability level of different parts of Tehran's 7th region. In fact, this study provides a comprehensive and meaningful overview of the current status of the studied region, which can helps the engineers to design suitable seismic rehabilitation programs. The obtained results are presented as a map which reveals the vulnerability level of the region. Based on such a map, neighborhoods or areas with high seismic hazard are identified. Considering these classification, the seismic rehabilitation techniques can be offered purposefully.

Nowadays, knowing the amount of soil erosion is an important part of the comprehensive management of watersheds. Due to the lack of sufficient information and data relating to water and sediment discharges in watersheds, soil erosion is estimated using user-friendly models and new technologies. The aim of this study is to predict erosion and sediment yield in the Darkesh watershed, North Khorasan province, using WaTEM/SEDEM model and RS and GIS and image fusion algorithm. At the first, the crop management factor (C) was mapped based on land use map. The Gram-Schmidt algorithm was used to combining multispectral images Landsat 7 and 8 with panchromatic images for the two satellite images with 12-year time distance (2003 and 2015) and a scale of 1:25,000. The maps of other input factors were then prepared using ArcGIS and ENVI software and the model was run and the rates of erosion and sediment yield with the scale of 1:25,000 was predicted with and without image fusion algorithm and were compared with the observed rates in the watershed. Comparing observed sediment data in Darkesh watershed with predicted amounts showed that the final map of erosion classification by applying image fusion algorithm led to better and more accurate identification of erosion sensitive areas. Based on the results of this study, high-performance of WaTEM/SEDEM model to predict of sediment yield was proved and it was found that image fusion algorithm was also led to increase the accuracy of the results.

Each year, around 1.2 million people die in the road traffic incidents. Reducing traffic accidents requires an exact understanding of the risk factors associated with traffic patterns and behaviors. Properly analyzing these factors calls for a comprehensive system for collecting and processing accident data.
The aim of this study was to develop a minimum data set (MDS) for an information management system to study traffic accidents in Iran.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in 2014. Data were collected from the traffic police, trauma centers, medical emergency centers, and via the internet. The investigated resources for this study were forms, databases, and documents retrieved from the internet. Forms and databases were identical, and one sample of each was evaluated. The related internet-sourced data were evaluated in their entirety. Data were collected using three checklists. In order to arrive at a consensus about the data elements, the decision Delphi technique was applied using questionnaires. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaires were assessed by experts’ opinions and the test-retest method, respectively.
An (MDS) of a traffic accident information management system was assigned to three sections: a minimum data set for traffic police with six classes, including 118 data elements; a trauma center with five data classes, including 57 data elements; and a medical emergency center, with 11 classes, including 64 data elements.
Planning for the prevention of traffic accidents requires standardized data. As the foundation for crash prevention efforts, existing standard data infrastructures present policymakers and government officials with a great opportunity to strengthen and integrate existing accident information systems to better track road traffic injuries and fatalities.

Geo-information technology offers an opportunity to support industrial development plan. Adequate geo-spatial information is a prerequisite for sustainable development. By providing such information, which serves as an important tool for decision-making in land use planning, and merging AHP technique for spatial modeling of land use suitability for industrial site selection and planning we can help provide effective information to monitoring of environmental resources and present sustainable development plan. By attention to industrial development situation in Ghazvine province. By using GIS and AHP, industrial modeling results in sustainability and development planning in this province is thus unique and essential. Accurate information on land parameters and environmental resources is essential to effective land use planning.
The article also discusses the role that geo-information and GIS by using environmental parameters play in industrial planning and management to reduce negative impacts of improper land use planning and present proper alternatives for industrial developing of Ghazvine.

This paper attempts to clarify the effect of dam construction on changes of physical urban development. This research also investigates if the physical development has occurred on scientific rules or not, and finally presents an urban development model.

In this paper, two frames of IRS satellite were used to investigate the urban areas physical changes. One frame was relevant to two years before constructing the Taleghan dam and the other one was relevant to two years after constructing the dam. Then, both frames passed the geometric correction order and after that the border of urban area was extracted. This revealed that the urban areas had more area than before constructing the Taleghan dam. Considering the recent researches, a new fuzzy urban development model was presented and all the weights for being in several circumstances were defined. Using the attributes data, 1:25000 digital maps and the other studies, extraction of the layers required by the new fuzzy urban development model was tried. By overlaying the layers in ArcGIS software, the very unsuitable, unsuitable and suitable areas were detected on map.
Result and

Finally, it was concluded that the areas located on very unsuitable areas must be emptied, and the unsuitable areas could be preserved by some management methods like watershed management. However, there was no more suitable areas for further development of the urban areas. On the other hand, some parts of the studied urban areas have been located on suitable areas. The most important cramp elements for prevention of urban areas development were found to be landuse and vegetation cover. For increasing the capitation of settlement, it is better to develop the existing residential areas by height