فهرست مطالب alireza souri

The anodizing process of titanium (Ti) implants and their alloys improves their corrosion resistance and life service by naturally increasing the thickness of the passive oxide layer formed on the surface. Among the parameters that affect the properties of the anodized layer, voltage is a significant one due to the kinetic and thermodynamic processes. In this paper, commercial pure titanium (cp-Ti) coupons with the dimensions of 20 ×10 × 1 mm3 were used as the anode in 1 M sulfuric acid solution at different voltages of 3, 6, and 9 V, current intensity of 3 A, electrolyte temperature of 60 °C, and duration time of 30 s. The phase composition analysis, morphology, and corrosion behavior of the anodized Ti were examined by Grazing‐Incidence X‐Ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Field‐Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and electrochemical impedance, respectively, in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. The results confirmed the formation of titanium oxide coating with a hexagonal structure. A smoother surface was obtained upon increasing the voltage up to 6 V. However, the surface became rougher with further voltage increase up to 9 V. The highest charge transfer resistance (37354 and 58127 ohm.cm-2) was achieved at 6 V after 1 and 24 hours of immersion in the SBF solution, representing 84 % and 2440 % increase, respectively, compared to the cp-Ti sample. The double layer helps prevent the formation of localized corrosion sites, such as pitting and crevice corrosion, which can be particularly damaging to Ti alloy as an implant in the human body. Although rising the voltage from 3 to 6 V resulted in a more hydrophobic surface (as shown by an increase in the contact angle from 63.8° to 74.1°), further voltage increase up to 9 V made the surface more hydrophilic than before.

 The World Health Organization has identified leishmaniosis as one of the eight major tropical parasitic diseases in the world. Every year, from 0.7 million to 1.3 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are registered in the world. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a great health problem in Iran. Of the total annual cases of leishmaniasis in Iran, about 80% are related to rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, 5% to visceral leishmaniasis and the rest are related to urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological factors in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

 A total of 2119 patients afflicted with cutaneous leishmaniosis due to skin lesions were examined. The data were analyzed after entering the data into SPSS software, vol 26. Tables and graphs were used for displaying the qualitative variables; central indicators and dispersion were used for indicating quantitative variables, and chi-square test was used for analyzing the data. The level of P ≤ 0.05 was considered as the level of significance.

 The mean age of 2119 patients was 28.32 ± 20.38 years. Furthermore, 65.2% of male patients and 34.8% of female ones were infected with the disease. As for the nationality of the patients, 81.8% of them were Iranians and 18.1% of them were Afghans, and 88.9% of them had a history of traveling to other areas. More than 51% of the cases occurred in the young age group, the age group of 21 to 30 years had the highest incidence (18.4%), and the incidence trend of the disease did not decrease. There was a statistically significant relationship between patients’ nationality and travel history, gender, and occupation (P = 0.0001). There was no statistically significant relationship between the incidence season and travel history (P = 0.221).

 Due to the patients’ travel to endemic areas, providing them with training on effective methods for preventing mosquito bites may have had a great impact on reducing the incidences of cutaneous leishmaniosis in travelers.

In this study, Cu and Cu-Co films were prepared using DC Magnetron sputtering system on silicon substrates. Any increase in the roughness and thickness of films would intensify the scattering of the sputtered atoms and consequently, the atoms would lose enough time to find the lowest energy required by each nanoparticle (NP). The height changes on the surface of the scanned films are indicative of the topological phase of the films. According to the results, the films were not smooth that made them undergo a second phase change. The address layer and thickness changes did not have much effect on the degree of isolation. For this reason, the graphs demonstrated close and identical results. All samples display strong light absorption over the entire spectral range, suggesting that they could bide all light-absorber materials. At the peak of approximately 2.7, the cross-point of d(⍺hν)/d(hν) curves yielded optical band gap (Eg) values of 2.68 eV, 2.76 eV, 2.85 eV, and 2.73 eV corresponding to the Samples 1 to 4, respectively. The optical conductivity of the films increased upon increasing the energy. The SEM images confirmed that the obtained cobalt nanocrystals was approximately spherical in shape with an average diameter less than 80 nm.

The growth and evolution of mangrove forests are affected by various factors such as pollution, light penetration, depth, water flow, and water quality. The effects of sea surface temperature and salinity on vegetation changes in the Khor-e-khoran protected area was been investigated in two distinct time periods (1986-1999 & 2001-2015) which were used as recorded data in the department of environment of Iran, as well as satellite imagery, drawing profiles and charts by standard models, ECMWF and Giovanni. The results clarified that Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity increased by about 0.2°C and 0.5 ppt respectively. On the other hand, the area of Khor-e-khoran protected area was decreased from about 6800 hectares in 2003 to 6350 hectares in 2015 which was more than 1.5%. Additionally, it is suggested sewages and wastewaters delivered from shrimp farming pools as well as fuel and crude oil leakage caused salinity and pollution anomalies.

Despite inconsistencies in existing studies, the results of some research studies indicate that treatment with estrogen priming and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist look promising for poor-responder patients.

The study was conducted on 2 groups of poor-responder patients under treatment with GnRH antagonist and gonadotropin. Each group had 53 patients. The treatment was performed after considering the patients’ age, the number of previously failed in-vitro fertilization (IVF), antral follicles count and mean serum level of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH3), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and estradiol (E2). In the intervention group, 4 mg of estradiol valerate was administered daily from the 21st day of the cycle before IVF and continued up to the second day of the cycle. Then, stimulation was initiated with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the GnRH antagonist was implemented on the eighth day and continued until the prescription of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

The average number of obtained large follicles (2.9±1.8 against 2.3±1.6), M2 oocytes (3.6±0.3 against 2.8±0.3) and embryo quality type II (1.3±0.2 against 0.9±0.1) and type III (0.7±0.1 against 0.3±0.1) in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group (P value was respectively 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, and 0.01). The rate of successful pregnancy was higher in the intervention group (8.3%) than in the control group (6.7%). However, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.50).

Estrogen priming has positive effects on GnRH antagonist cycles with an increase in the number of large follicles and better quality oocytes and embryos.

Due to ultra-high flexural flexibility, shape memory effect, high damping properties, corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility, the nitinol alloys (NiTi) are widely used in the manufacture of medical and biocompatible materials, such as stent, orthopedic implants and surgical instruments. But one of the most important problems of NiTi alloy is the release of nickel ions due to the destruction of the surface, which these ions can interfere with the enzymatic processes involved in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. The applied coating and ion implantation is one of the most important methods for improving the surface and behavior of the NiTi alloy. In this study, surface of NiTi alloy was modified by carbon plasma immersion ion implantations (CPIII). Then nanomechanical properties of coating were surveyed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with nano-indentation, nano-scratch methods, and also corrosion behavior was investigated by polarization test in 0.5 M NaCl solution. The results indicate a completely homogeneous, uniform and free surface imperfection with a carbon ion implantation depth of about 50 nm, and decreased average surface roughness from 34to 25 nm. The ion implantation process resulted in increasing the hardness and elastic modulus of 80.7% and 21.8%, respectively, and reducing the average friction coefficient from 0.21 to 0.16, and also making dominant the shear wearing mechanism, with a 85% increase in corrosion resistance efficiency.

In recent years, using additives and different components to improve quality and nutritional properties of macaroni have been used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enrichment with Dunaliella salina microalgae powder and potato fiber on physicochemical and sensory properties of macaroni. For this purpose, different levels of these two additives (0.5, 1, 1.5% and combined concentration) were replaced with semolina flour in macaroni formulation and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of all treatments were studied. The obtained results of chemical tests showed that increasing potato fiber and algae powder levels in formulation lead to increase the content of moisture, ash and fiber in samples. By adding the different levels of potato fiber in macaroni, protein content significantly was decreased (p<0.05), but, significant changes in the amount of fat was not observed. However, by increasing the D. salina algae powder in formulation, the amounts of protein and fat were increased. The hardness amounts of samples containing different levels of potato fiber and algae powder were lower when compared with those of control sample. By adding potato fiber to macaroni formulation, the L* amount was increase, but the b* amount was decreased. The results of sensory evaluation of macaroni samples showed that treatments containing high levels of D. salina algae powder (1 and 1.5%) had lower scores than other samples. With the exception of the samples containing 1 and 1.5% alae powder, other examples in terms of sensory characteristics were acceptable. From the above results it can be concluded that the addition of D. salina algae and potato fiber to macaroni improved the cooking property and nutritional quality of the macaroni products. Finally, the combined sample containing 0.5% potato fiber and 0.5% D. salina algae powder can be introduced as the best treatment in this study.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents and adults worldwide is known to be a critical health determinant that begins in childhood and continues most of the time until adulthood. Brain Drived Nurotrophic Factor Growth Factor (BDNF) stimulates and activates neuronal stem cells that proliferates and differentiates neurons, and is essential for the regulation of neurodevelopment to improve function and structure in neural circuits, learning and memory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of intensive training of High Intensity Interval Ttraining (HIIT) and omega-3 on BDNF in blood plasma of inactive boys.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 non-athletic students of high school were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to four groups of HIIT, omega-3 supplementation, Exercise + Supplement, HIIT Exercise, and Omega-3 Supplement and Control. The training group performed HIIT exercises three sessions per week with 80 to 90% of VO2max. Omega-3 supplements and placebo received two capsules daily for lunch. One-way ANOVA and post-test LSD test were used for statistical comparison of mean difference between groups (P <0.05).

Results showed that after doing of intervention there were significant changes in the amount of plasma BDNF levels in groups under study. Plasma BDNF levels was significantly higher in the HIIT exercise group compared to the placebo and supplementation groups. Also, the level of this index was significantly higher in the combination group [HIIT exercise plus Omega-3 supplementation] than the supplementation group, but the level of plasma BDNF level in the combination group[HIIT exercise plus omega-3 supplementation] was not significantly different from that of the control and HIIT exercise group.

Considering results acquired appears seems HIIT exercises alone and combination group [HIIT exercises plus omega-3 supplementation] have the positive effect on the amount of plasma BDNF levels in inactive teens.

Accident-induced disability and death in women causes undesirable effects and imposes significant costs on individuals, families, and society; this is because of the critical role of women in family and community.  This study aimed to investigate the accidents in women living in Qazvin Province, Iran, and its related risk factors from 2006 to 2015. This descriptive study was conducted on 61954 women referring to hospitals due to accidents in Qazvin Province. The obtained data were analyzed using frequency distribution, Chi-squared test, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis. The prevalence rate of accidents among women was 14.1%. Most of the accidents occurred in the age of 19-28 years, in the spring, and in the neighborhoods of the injured women. Trauma (25.3%), and traffic accidents (20.1%) were the leading causes of accidents in the studied women.  Injuries, and accidents among women living in Qazvin Province had a high incidence; mostly women in the younger age groups were affected. Therefore, considering the importance of protecting the health of female population in promoting health and maintaining public safety, planning for the prevention of accidents and incidents in this population is crucial.

Drivers due to their working conditions such as job stress, lack of exercises, working time and dietary habits are more at risk for heart diseases, especially metabolic syndrome and its components. this study was aimed to investigate the demographic and life style status of public transportation bus drivers.
This cross-sectional study was done in 2014-2015 on 2416 bus drivers selected by random classification method across the Iran. Demographic and other required data were collected using self-made questionnaire. Frequency tables, chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to analysis of data.
The mean body mass index of participants was 26.38±2.1, and 422 cases (3.85%) had normal BMI, 1862 cases (78%) were overweight and 92 cases (3.85%) were obese. Also 65.56% and 8.54% of participants had normal and borderline blood pressure, respectively. Of 2416 drivers, 68.5% were cigarette smokers, 41.4% were addicted to opium, 29.4% had high risk sexual behaviors, and 36.8% drunk alcohol which statistically ignificant relation was found between the number of cigarettes consumed and accident history (p Driver’s attention to self-care and doing interventional and regulated programs in preventive on opium use, smoking and alcohol, as well as the compulsory put of condoms in first aid kit can help the drivers and passengers healthy.

Multi-path is favorite alternative for sensor networks, as it provides an easy mechanism to distribute traffic, as well as considerate fault tolerance. In this paper, a new clustering based multi path routing protocol namely ECRR (Energy efficient Cluster based Routing algorithm for improving Reliability) is proposed, which is a new routing algorithm and guarantees the achievement to required QoS of wireless sensor networks and can reduces the energy consumption. Proposed protocol has better performance in comparison the existing ones.

Today, one of the new technologies in the modern era is Vehicular Ad-hoc Network which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Because of rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data between vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure, called V2I. Designing an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention because existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenario. For this reason it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing protocols as well as simulation of protocols is essential to understand existing routing protocols behavior. In this research paper, we focus on VANET topology based routing protocols and also measure the performance of two on-demand routing protocols AODV & DSR in the random waypoint scenario.