فهرست مطالب allah karam abbasi

Diaspora literature is literature that narrates the voice of the margin in an ambiguous way. In this literature, immigrant characters do not belong to their own land, nor to the host land. The immigrant intellectual, because he has experienced "otherness" in the host land, start literary creation from their observations and experiences in what happened to him and other immigrants. Mohammad Asef Soultanzadeh, an Afghan writer, is one of those Diaspora intellectuals who migrated to Iran and then to Denmark in 1365 following the insecurity of Afghanistan due to the communist coup. By expressing what happened to Afghan immigrants in Iran, Soultanzadeh shows the immigrants' self-deprecation, fear and worry, nostalgic feeling and their mixed identity. The current research aims to address the elements of diaspora literature in Soultanzadeh's works, especially "Nowruz is only in Kabul with purity" and "You who are not here, your land is not here", to answer the fundamental question that Afghan immigrants, in the land how have others looked at the issue of immigration? It has been done in a descriptive-analytical way. The conclusion of this research is that the author considers himself the silent voice of Afghan immigrants and shouts out their despair. In these two works, he depicts the black atmosphere of his own land and the land of the host, the unequal status of the host and the guest, and the full face of shame and failure of the immigrants. Because for immigrants, the atmosphere of the host country is different from the atmosphere of "their" identity, they turn to their suppressed past with despair of achieving the future that they had built in their minds, and after the experience of living in the host country, the discourse of philanthropy and they challenge the trans-ethnic and racial view. On the other hand, the title of both stories clearly reveals its diasporic atmosphere; because the desire to return to the homeland is very strong in the writer, and it is only the atmosphere of Kabul that creates peace and intimacy for him, and any place other than there is not considered his homeland.

Migration Literature”is the product of the years after the first and second world wars, it refers to the works that have been devoted to the experience of living in the different places of their culture and the social identity problems that caused by this life. A migrant, with confusion in the new culture, suffers from a disorder of identity and as if he is not distracted from his culture and he does not belong to the culture of the host nation; therefore, in order to find his true identity, he is constantly struggling and wandering. The present study is a comparative study of the novel Dahlby Mahmoud Golabdarrei and A Sparrow from the Eastby Tawfiq al-Hakim; among the works in migration literature, in which the eastern characters conflict with Western culture. By explaining the fundamental concepts of immigration literature, the study seek to point out the identity based on the theories of Baba that includes threshold of being and the link of being. By using a content analysis method and a comparative approach, this research deals with the comparison of these two works and concluded that the attachment of identity has occurred in some cases such as the religious identity, hijab, language, race, family and pleasure and entertainment in migration literature.

Colonial literature refers to a branch of contemporary literature that emerged during colonial domination or afterwards with the purpose of liberation from the yoke of colonialism in the colonized countries. Of the main themes of this literature, one can mention the confrontation between characters and the themes that set the oriental writer’s ‘self’ as confronting the western ‘other’ and the interaction between them. In the literary fiction in Iran and Egypt, many writers have written on this subject. The present investigation is a comparative study of the two novels, namely the Mysteries of My Land by Reza Barahani, and Palace Walk by Naguib Mahfouz. Both works date back to the occupation of the writers’ lands by western countries. The findings of the study, obtained through content analysis, adopting a comparative approach, suggest that, by expressing and evaluating such fundamental and post-colonial concepts as ‘other’, the core and the periphery, gender, beliefs, freedom-seeking, and the fight against colonialism, the writers have sought to show their “selves” and “other” or the core and the periphery.