فهرست مطالب amin mirzakhani

One of the most important indicators of sustainable rural development is energy supply. Therefore, the present work has been done with the aim of identifying the potential of wind, solar and fuel cell (FC) energy in the electricity supply of Tamin village located in Sistan and Baluchistan province by HOMER 2.81 software. Different scenarios were investigated and diesel generators (DGs) and batteries were used as systems backup. The present work is the first renewable hybrid project based on a FC for a remote area in one of Iran's climates, and accurate and up-to-date technical, economic, energy and environmental analyzes have made the results very important. The results of the investigations showed that the DG-Wind turbine system is the cheapest system with the price of each kWh of electricity produced equal to $0.735. The FC-based system also significantly reduces production pollutants at a cost of $1.004 per kWh of electricity produced and uses 53% more renewable energy than the superior economic scenario. The production of hydrogen for use in a FC during the year is equal to 50.7 kg, and compared to the traditional system (DG only), the FC-based system has a payback time of 3.43 years.

The electric car charging station, which is one of the infrastructure elements used to recharge electric vehicles (EVs), has not been developed in Iran. Therefore, in the present work a hybrid wind turbine-electricity grid system is simulated to supply electricity to an EV charging station in Bandar Abbas, located in the southern coastline of Iran. Technical, economic, environmental and energy surveys using HOMER software have been conducted over 25 years using NASA's website climate data. The use of 12 different types of wind turbines (horizontal axis, vertical axis and bladeless), many of which are not available in the software database and have been added to the database by the authors of the present work, has made the present work a comprehensive study in this field. The results showed that the Invelox wind turbine is very economical and its LCOE parameter is negative, but it cannot be used due to the high initial investment cost. The most economically viable wind turbine is the Generic 10 kW, which costs $ 0.023 per kWh of electricity generated. The most environmentally friendly wind turbine is the WES 5 Tulipo, which will reduce emissions by about 35 tons per year and has the highest amount of renewable electricity generation with 10% of the total electricity required by wind energy.

Occupational exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons has been associated with halothane hepatitis, an increase of liver enzymes, and congenital malformations. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether bromide, a urinary metabolite of halothane, could be used as a biological marker of exposure to this anesthetic gas and assessment of associated exposure to halothane with any significant changes in conventional parameters of liver function (serum aminotransferase activities).
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Seventy-five anesthesiologists, anesthesia nurses, operating room nurses, and surgeons (exposed group) and 75 matched unexposed individuals (reference group) were selected randomly from two public hospitals in Hamadan City, western Iran. Atmospheric concentrations of halothane in the breathing zone of the exposed subjects and urinary bromide levels were measured by headspace gas chromatography. Similarly, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by the enzymatic method using an automatic Prestige instrument.
Mean atmospheric concentrations of halothane and urinary bromide levels for exposed subjects were 1.49 ±1.36 ppm and 0.83 ±0.29 mM, respectively. A relatively good correlation was found between exposure to halothane and urinary bromide levels (r=0.38). The chi-squared test results showed that the proportions of the subjects with abnormal ALT and AST among the women exposed were significantly higher than those of reference individuals (P Urinary bromide can be used as a potential biomarker of exposure to halothane, although additional studies are necessary to further validate these initial findings.

Quantum dots (QDs), as colloidal nanocrystalline semiconductors, present QD wavelengths in terms of biomedical assays and imaging, though the high toxicity of their core demands to be taken into consideration. Investigating this subject is taken into account as an important concept concerning use of these nanoparticles in the medical applications. 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses of mentioned QDs were injected into some male mice. 10 days after CdSe/ZnS, and the serum sample of mice were measured in regard with FSH, LH and testosterone assays. The testis and body weight of various groups were determined. Within 10 days after injection of 40 mg/kg CdSe:ZnS, the serum LH concentration increased from 0.64 to 0.79 ng/ml and the serum testosterone concentration declined from 1.33 to 0.58 mIu/ml. Mean concentration of LH and testosterone CdSe:ZnS in 40 mg/kg dose showed high toxicity of CdSe:ZnS in 40 mg/kg dose. The FSH concentration did not reveal any significant differences compared to the control group. The body weight in all groups and the testicular weight in the treated mice with 10, 20 mg/kg CdSe QDs were similar to the control group. No significant changes were observed in regard with relative testis weights, whereas the testis weight decreased significantly from 0.093 to 0.055 gr (p< 0.01) in the mice receiving 40 mg/kg CdSe:ZnS. Quantum dots were demonstrated to be capable of inducing detrimental effects on the reproductive systems of male mice. Since no study has been conducted in this realm, the present study can serve as an introduction to more studies regarding the effects of quantum dots toxicity on the development of male sexual system.

The use of quantum dots (QDots) as bright and photostable probes for long-term fluorescence imaging is gaining more interest. Thus far, (pre)clinical use of QDots remains limited, which is primarily caused by the potential toxicity of QDots. Most QDots consist of Cd2+ ions, which are known to cause high levels of toxicity. Therefore, the cytotoxic effects of CdSe quantum dots on embryonic development of male reproductive system are presented in this study.

Noise is one of the most common workplace hazardous agents that can cause permanent hearing damage. Workers in many industries are usually exposed to noise levels with high risks of hearing loss. Accordingly this research aims to study the noise exposure and haring status of registered locksmiths who are exposed to harmful effects caused by several factors, such as key making machines loud noises. This study has been carried out in 33 key workplaces in Tehran capital city of Iran. In order to eliminate the effects of background noise, two different measurements were carried out in the same field conditions by taking in and out of key making machines. The overall sound level and octave band of noise analysis of the key making machine, during the process of Right and Left Shift Gears by considering the background noise level during off time of the machine was determined using ISO 9612 standard method. Hearing threshold of locksmiths is also determined using the NIOSH standard method. Based on results, average of right and left groove keys scraping processes and background noise levels were 92.9, 96.2 and 66.5dBA respectively. The mean noise exposure time of locksmiths was 0.2 h/day. So, the amount of the workers noise equivalent level was found to be 77.63 dBA which is lower than the ACGIH threshold limit values. The results of audiometric tests also showed no significant hearing loss among locksmiths, something can be explained by their low noise exposure levels. It is suggested to assess hearing response of the workers by other methods like ABR.