فهرست مطالب amir hosseinzadeh

Decision making can be considered as the brain of an organization and is able to give rise to individuals and organizations. On the other hand, it can lead to their failure. To do so, the aim of the current study is to evaluate psychological effects on accounting-related decision making (decision making styles). To examine psychological structures, these components were applied: shortsightedness, optimization, self-attribution bias, anchoring bias, ambiguity aversion. And to measure accounting-related decision making, decision making styles such as rational, intuitive, dependent, spontaneous and avoidant decision makings were used. In terms of purpose, this research is an applied one, and in terms of the method used for gathering data, it is descriptive-analytical as survey type according to structural modelling attitude. The population of the study is finance directors active in the capital market. To collect data standard questionnaire has been used. In this research, we put the light on the prediction of cause-and-effect relationships among (structure of corporate governance) and health of the company. The results showed that among psychological structures optimization has an influence on the intuitive decision, like that of imaginative power on spontaneous decision making, and self-attribution on spontaneous, avoidant, rational, intuitive, and dependent decision makings. Short-sightedness affects spontaneous, avoidant, and dependent decision making as well.

In this paper the three positivistic, interpretative and hermeneutic paradigms are introduced in order to investigate the epistemology of research in science of management and organization. Positivism attributes the originality to sensory cognition and as a result separation of the topic of research from researchers and social realities and elimination of values from the research process are considered as weakness of this approach. The interpretative approach is somehow indulged in extreme subjectivism and therefore deals with the problem of analysis of human behavior specifically on the basis of intention and objective. Meanwhile hermeneutic considers individuals as world within the context of organization. Therefore, lack of criteria for distinction between relevant and irrelevant interpretations is the main weakness of this approach. The positivistic approach considers organization as cross-cultural while according to interpretative and hermeneutic approaches, organization is influenced by culture.

The paper begins with an introduction of the importance of decision-making, and its role in the victory or the failure of commanders, as well as the change in technology, and the methods of collecting and processing information for decision-making. It then countinues with issues on decision-making in organizations, and military organizations, planning, information estimations, and assymetrical warfare. In the end, from the point of view of an intelligence officer of the self force, the information of a hypothetical situation about the operation environment characteristics, and the self and enemy status have been investigated and analyzed using four different methods   Key words: