فهرست مطالب amir sam kianimoghadam

This study aimed to investigate whether transdiagnostic treatment as well as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) could improve treatment adherence and alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms plus perceived stress in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.

Research has shown that people with chronic diseases often have negative attitudes toward medications, especially when they also have psychiatric disorders. This, along with the complex dosing requirements and inadequate knowledge about medication adherence among irritable bowel syndrome patients, can affect the treatment efficacy.

A randomized clinical trial was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome referring to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran between winter 2021 and spring 2022. Convenience sampling was used to select 30 individuals, with 15 people assigned to each group. Two types of psychotherapy were provided online and individually to the participants. The desired treatments were given to the transdiagnostic treatment and ACT groups in eight weekly sessions of 45-60 minutes.

There was no significant difference between the transdiagnostic treatment pre-test and ACT regarding perceived stress, medication adherence, and gastrointestinal symptoms (P>0.05). There was no significant difference either between the transdiagnostic treatment and ACT post-test. However, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test phases of ACT regarding adherence, gastrointestinal symptoms, plus perceived stress (P<0.05) and transdiagnostic treatment regarding gastrointestinal symptoms (P<0.05).

Specialists may use transdiagnostic treatment and ACT as effective psychological treatments to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms and perceived stress, thereby increasing treatment adherence in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The issue of suicide among medical residents in Iran has received significant attention in recent years.

Islamic life skills appear in all aspects of people's life. These skills lead to personal and spiritual transformation. According to the mentioned structure of Islamic life skills, it is essential to create a precise instrument to measure it. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire.

The present study is descriptive. The statistical population of the study was 150 students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, who were selected based on their availability and answered Parsian and Donning's Spirituality Questionnaire, Zare's and Aminpour's Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, and Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire were determined using Pearson’s correlation statistical analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis and factor analysis. In this research, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not report any conflict of interest.

Based on the results obtained, a positive and significant relationship was found between the variables of spirituality, religious belief, and Islamic life skills. Cronbach's alpha for the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire was 0.92. The four factors obtained from this questionnaire include: paying attention to God's commands in life, paying attention to the rights of others, paying attention to personal capabilities and paying attention to oneself.

The findings showed that the Islamic Life Skills Questionnaire is valid and reliable; Future researchers can use this questionnaire to expand Islamic science.

Spirituality plays a role in various dimensions of human psychological life. One of these dimensions is emotional cognitive regulation, which studies have shown to be predicted by spirituality. COVID-19 healthcare professionals use both emotional self-regulation and spirituality as coping strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual dimensions of spirituality and emotional cognitive regulation among employees in the COVID-19 prevention and control sector.

This study is a descriptive correlational. The sample population consisted of active employees in the COVID-19 prevention and control sector of health centers. 119 health center employees who had been exposed to COVID-19 for at least six months participated in this study and responded to the Garnefski and Kraaij’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Parsian and Dunning’s Spirituality Questionnaire. All ethical considerations were observed in this research, and the authors did not report any conflicts of interest.

The results showed a significant positive relationship between spiritual meaning and positive refocusing (r=0.24), positive reappraisal (r=0.41), positive refocusing (r=0.41), and perspective taking (r=0.27). Spiritual activity had a significant positive relationship with positive refocusing (r=0.35), positive reappraisal (r=0.39), positive refocusing (r=0.31), and perspective taking (r=0.32), and a negative and significant relationship with catastrophizing (r=-0.22). Additionally, self-awareness had a significant positive relationship with positive refocusing (r=0.38), positive reappraisal (r=0.43), positive refocusing (r=0.34), and perspective taking (r=0.26), and a negative and significant relationship with catastrophizing (r=-0.29), other-blame (r=-0.23), and rumination (r=-0.25). Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between the importance of spirituality and positive refocusing (r=0.23), positive reappraisal (r=0.28), positive refocusing (r=0.30), and perspective taking (r=0.23).

There was a significant relationship between various dimensions of spirituality and emotional cognitive regulation among employees in the COVID-19 prevention and control sector, with the highest correlation belonging to the dimensions of spiritual self-awareness and positive refocusing on cognitive-emotional regulation.

The postpartum period is associated with stress due to extensive psychological and physiological changes that occur in women. These changes may result in a re-evaluation of sexual function and related factors. 

The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image concern and sexual function with the mediating role of sexual self-esteem among women in the postpartum period. 

In this descriptive-analytical correlational research, the study population consisted of all women referring to medical centers affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran City, Iran, in 2022. The sample consisted of 239 participants selected by multi-stage convenient sampling. The female sexual function index, body image concern inventory, and sexual self-esteem inventory were used to collect data, which were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling.

The data analyses from 239 participants with a mean age of 32.42±6.60 years indicated a significant correlation between body image concern and sexual self-esteem (P=0.01, r=-0.54). In addition, there was a significant correlation between sexual self-esteem and female sexual function (P=0.01, r=0.43). Although there was a significant relationship between body image concern and female sexual function, this correlation was not strong enough (P=0.01, r=-0.24). The results of path analysis also indicate that body image concern is not directly related to women’s sexual function. Still, it can indirectly play a role in women’s sexual function through sexual self-esteem. 

Based on the results, body image concern affects sexual function among women after childbirth through sexual self-esteem. Thus, mental health professionals are recommended to consider body image concerns and sexual self-esteem to select the most appropriate treatment for sexual dysfunction in women.

Abortion is one of the most traumatic events in a woman's life. The resulting trauma leads to the fear of repeat abortion, despair, inability, reduced self-confidence, isolation, mental health problems, and reduced quality of life (QoL). The present study aims to determine the effect of supportive counseling on the QoL of pregnant women with a history of abortion.

This is randomized controlled trial study. Participants were 72 pregnant women with a history of abortion referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran to receive prenatal care. The data collection instruments were a demographic form and the 36-item short form health survey. The intervention group received counseling based on Swanson’s caring theory at three sessions (two face-to-face counseling sessions and one telephone counseling session), while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected  in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up), and analyzed using chi-square test, paired t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance, t-test, and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25.

Both groups were similar in demographic characteristics and QoL before the intervention (P>0.05). Four and 8 weeks after the intervention, the mean score of QoL was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Eight weeks after the intervention, the QoL score was higher than in the control group in dimensions of physical functioning (P=0.009), social functioning (P=0.039), role-emotional (P=0.004), and bodily pain (P=0.004).

Supportive counseling based on Swanson’s caring theory, as a midwife-centered intervention, can improve the QoL pregnant women with a history of abortion. This approach can be used in providing care to the pregnant women with a history of abortion.

Objectives:

 Despite the importance of obsessive distrust as a common type of relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD), there is no suitable scale to measure this structure in the Iranian population. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the obsessive distrust inventory (ODIS) for Iranian college students

Methods:

 In this descriptive psychometrics study, 365 married students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022 participated. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. The internal consistency of the Persian ODIS was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptom inventory (PROCSI), and obsessional compulsive inventory – revised (OCI-R) were used to evaluate convergent validity.

Results:

 The CFA results confirmed the single-factor structure of the Persian ODIS. The convergent validity assessment showed the significant positive correlation of the Persian ODIS with the scores of DASS-21, PROCSI, and OCI-R (P<0.01). The Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was obtained as 0.94

Conclusion:

 The Persian ODIS has acceptable validity and reliability for the Iranian population. It can be used in clinical and research fields to screen, diagnose, and monitor obsessive distrust in ROCD.

Vitiligo is a disease of progressive and permanent skin depigmentation. This disease impacts patients’ quality of life through psychological distress, which shows itself in various ways. This distress includes shame and internal self-criticism in patients with vitiligo. Resilience can appear as the strength against distress.

This research aimed to assess the impact of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on various outcomes, including resilience, shame, internal self-criticism, and quality of life in individuals with vitiligo.

In this study, an RCT design was employed, incorporating both pre- and post-test evaluations alongside a control group, to examine the impact of CFT on resilience, shame, internal self-criticism, and quality of life in patients with vitiligo. Forty patients with vitiligo were selected from Razi Dermatology Hospital in Tehran in 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, levels of self-criticism scale, and Internalized Shame Scale were used to complete the pre-and post-test phases. Compassion-focused therapy based on the Gilbert therapy package was held in eight 2 h sessions once a week for the experimental group. The control group received the intervention after the end of the experimental group intervention.

The results of the covariance analysis indicated that CFT significantly increased the quality of life (P < 0.05, F = 308.97) and resilience (P < 0.05, F = 125.75) and reduced shame (P < 0.05, F = 228.30) and internal self-criticism (P < 0.05, F = 53.44) of patients with vitiligo.

Compassion-focused therapy can improve the quality of life and resilience and reduce the shame and internal self-criticism of patients with vitiligo.

Stuttering is a type of communication and fluency disorder that hurts mental and emotional health. It is also associated with a significant increase in both trait and social anxiety. Studies on stuttering in adults have indicated the nature and impact of this phenomenon. In addition, some psychological aspects of this phenomenon remain vague and need further investigation. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare emotion regulation difficulties, repetitive negative thinking, and experiential avoidance between people who stutter and healthy individuals.

In this study, 101 people who stutter (43 females and 58 males, with a mean age of 29.55 ± 187 years), as well as 110 healthy individuals (74 females and 36 males, with a mean age of 25.57 ± 489 years) as participants were chosen using the convenience sampling method among those who referred to the speech therapy clinics of Tehran, Iran. Research instruments including the repetitive negative thinking inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-I) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using multivariate ANOVA test and Multiple Regression Analysis.

The mean age of the participants was 29.55 years in the people who stutter and 25.57 years in the healthy individuals (P < 0.01). The present results indicated that the mean score of experiential avoidance was higher in the people who stutter (M ± SD: 35.74 ± 9.24) compared to the healthy individuals (M ± SD: 8.89 ± 31.11). Additionally, the mean score of emotion regulation difficulties was higher in the people who stutter (M ± SD: 88.75 ± 20.59) compared to the healthy individuals (M ± SD: 64.14 ± 94.94) (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean score of repetitive negative thinking between the people who stutter (M ± SD: 98.45 ± 25.85) and healthy individuals (M ± SD: 93.71 ± 25.24) groups (P > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between experiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties in people who stutter (P < 0.01). Experiential avoidance and repetitive negative thinking can significantly predict emotion regulation difficulties in people who stutter (R = 0.65, P < 0.01).

People who stutter obtained higher emotion regulation difficulties and experiential avoidance scores than those without stuttering and A significant correlation between experiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties was found. Future studies should consider the role of emotion regulation difficulties and experiential avoidance in people who stutter.

Because gastric ulcer is a psychosomatic disease in which many psychological factors are involved, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on pain intensity and quality of life in patients with peptic ulcer disease.

The research method was semi-experimental and based on the pretest-posttest control group design, with follow-up after three months. The sample included 46 participants who were selected by a purposeful sampling method and placed randomly in the experimental and control groups. At first, at the same time, and in the same conditions, all the participants responded to the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire (CPG) and Quality of life Questionnaire (SF-12). The emotion regulation training was performed for the experimental group. In the end, both groups were evaluated by posttests, and then they were tracked after an interval of three months. In order to analyze data, ANCOVA test was applied through SPSS 22.

Findings showed that emotion regulation training was meaningfully effective in decreasing pain intensity and increasing life quality (p<0.01) and after three months, no significant changes were found in the results.

Due to the positive changes in the criteria of this protocol effectiveness, it is concluded that emotion regulation training has been successful in reducing the symptoms of pain intensity in PUD patients and increasing life quality, this treatment can be added to other treatments for PUD patients.

With the increase in the spread of COVID-19, mental health consequences such as fear, anxiety, and depression have become prevalent. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of fear of COVID-19 and quarantine fatigue on depression in congenital heart disease patients during the pandemic.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 105 patients with congenital heart disease (6 men and 99 women) who were referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospitals and Tehran Heart Center during 2021-22. Data were collected using a depression scale, a fear scale for COVID-19, and a quarantine fatigue questionnaire.

The results showed that 28.6% of patients with congenital heart disease experienced mild depression, while 7.6% had severe depression. Quarantine fatigue was found to be mild in 43.8% of patients. Additionally, fear of COVID-19 (r=0.195, P=0.001) and quarantine fatigue (r=0.617, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with depression in congenital heart patients.

Fear of COVID-19 is related to depression caused by coronavirus and quarantine fatigue in patients with congenital heart disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare sexual function, body image concern, and sexual self-esteem in women after natural delivery with episiotomy and cesarean delivery. 

This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all women referring to medical centers affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021, of whom 200 participants (100 women with natural delivery and 100 women with cesarean delivery) were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The female Sexual Function Index, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Sexual Self-Esteem Index were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed via independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed a significant difference between sexual function and sexual self-esteem in women with a natural delivery and cesarean delivery (P=0.05). In addition, although both groups experienced body image concerns, no significant difference was found between the scores in the two groups (P=0.05). 

The evidence indicates that although women with natural delivery experience better sexual function than women with cesarean delivery, they may suffer from lower sexual self-esteem and appearance dissatisfaction compared to the other group.

 Emotional disorders are common and recurring mental conditions that can severely affect individuals and have long-term economic consequences for society.

 This study aimed to predict emotional disorders, using neuroticism, emotion regulation, experiential avoidance (EA), and repetitive negative thinking as predictors.

 The study included a sample of 414 patients diagnosed with emotional disorders residing in Tehran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Negative Repetitive Thoughts Questionnaire (NRTQ), Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (EAQ), Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS), and NEO Personality Questionnaire (NEO FFI). Structural equation modeling, analyzed with SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 software, was employed for data analysis.

 Neuroticism significantly predicted negative emotional regulation, EA, emotional disorders, and repetitive negative thoughts (P < 0.001). The coefficient of determination for emotional disorders was calculated as 0.73, indicating that 73% of the variance in emotional disorders can be explained by the predictor variables (neuroticism, emotional regulation, negative repetitive thoughts, and EA).

 Therefore, it is essential to consider the influence of personality and psychological factors on the inclination toward disorders. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for the development of culturally sensitive, contextually relevant, and psychosocially oriented prevention and treatment programs for emotional disorders using an integrated approach.

Marriage has been introduced as the most important and main communication factor between humans. Infidelity in marriage is one of the most damaging problems that affect commitment and marriage relationships. The present study investigated the role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting components of marital infidelity.

This study attempted to determine the role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting legitimacy, seduction, normalization, sexuality, social background, and sensation seeking in marital infidelity. The population comprised all the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran, in the academic year 2019-2020. Considering the size of the population, 200 students were selected as a sample through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an infidelity questionnaire (Yeniceri & Kökdemir, 2006) and Young’s early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (Young, 1999).

Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation (β=-0.15) between the over-vigilance/inhibition and the legitimacy of infidelity (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation (β=0.10) between impaired autonomy and performance with normalization (P<0.05). Also, impaired limits had a significant positive correlation (β=0.10) with the social background in marital infidelity (P<0.05). Multiple regressions analysis showed that over-vigilance/inhibition (β=-0.024, P>0.05) and impaired limits (β=0.15, P>0.05) were predictors of legitimacy. Impaired autonomy and performance (β=0.15, P>0.05) and other-directedness (β=-0.13, P>0.05) were predictors of seduction. Impaired autonomy and performance were predictors of normalization (β=0.06, P>0.05). Over-vigilance/inhibition could predict sexuality (β=-0.13, P>0.05). Disconnection and rejection could predict sensation seeking (β=0.016, P>0.05).

The results indicated the predictive role of early maladaptive schemas on the tendency of marital infidelity. When couples become aware of negative initial maladaptive schemas, conflict and eventually marital discord may decrease.

Various studies have investigated the role of emotional contagion in various emotional disorders, but the role of emotional contagion dimensions in the psychological symptoms during the Covid-19 epidemic has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of emotional contagion on depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder of hospital staff during the Covid-19 epidemic.

This was cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. The present study population consisted of hospital staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience and with the help of inclusion criteria in the winter of 1399 that 200 people were selected by Convenience Sampling and measured by Depression Anxiety Scale (DASS)(PTSD check list for DSM5 (PCL-5) and the Emotional contagion Scale.

The dimensions of emotional contagion can explain 18% of the variable changes in the criterion of depression. The dimensions of emotional contagion can explain 28% of the variable changes in the anxiety criterion. The dimensions of emotional contagion can explain 43% of the variable changes in the post-traumatic stress disorder criterion.

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that education about emotional contagion and awareness of its effect on psychological problems play an important role in improving the psychological condition of hospital staff in pandemic conditions.

The outbreak of coronavirus in Wuhan, China in 2019 has caused numerous mental health problems around the world. Among the psychological problems that have emerged due to the Covid-19 pandemic are symptoms of psychological distress, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress, coping strategies, and PTSD among three various populations, namely the general population, hospital staff and staff of health centers during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the study variables. Using convenience sampling, a sample of 450 individuals (150 participants from each population) was selected to participate in the research.

The findings indicated that psychological distress was significantly and negatively correlated to PTSD between two populations, i.e., the general population (r = -0.708, P < 0.01), and health center staffs (r = -0.216, P < 0.01), but coping strategies were not associated with psychological distress and PTSD in these two populations. However, the results were different among hospital staffs; in that psychological distress was significantly correlated with coping strategies (r = -0.170, P < 0.05), and PTSD (r = -0.216, P < 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between coping strategies and PTSD (r = -0.270 P < 0.01) among this population.

These findings highlighted the need for educational courses and psychological interventions to inform different populations about various coping strategies in stressful situations, and to reduce symptoms of psychological distress during the pandemic

 Today, psychological warfare has become a widely used tool to change the culture, beliefs and values of a nation and society, and any neglect of it will cause irreparable damage to the bodies of nations. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of psychological warfare on the anxiety and frustration of Tehran society. The current research is descriptive and analytical and the data were analyzed using multivariate regression. The statistical population of the research was among the ordinary people of Tehran. In this way, 1000 subjects were selected from 5 regions of Tehran and the questionnaires were given to them. The research tools were Beck's anxiety questionnaire (BAI) and Gilbert's feeling of failure scale, which has two dimensions of internal and external failure, and to investigate the effect of psychological warfare, the researcher made a media warfare questionnaire that has two dimensions of rumor mongering and reality distortion. is usedThe results of the research showed that the rumination dimension is a good predictor for the variables of anxiety, internal and external failure and has a significant positive relationship with them, while the dimension of reality distortion has no significant relationship with the variables of anxiety and failure. It has no internal or external and is not a good predictor in relation to these issues.

Based on the obtained results, war mentality can have an effect on anxiety and every dimension of failure of ordinary people, and the existence of this is a sign of more attention of policy makers in this field.

The integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model is the second theory based on the ideation-to-action framework.

The current study aimed to investigate the motivational phase of this model in the Iranian population. In this study, threat-to-self moderators are included cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Also, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are considered motivational moderators.

Atotal of 405 participants (68.6% female; meanage: 22.7 years) filled out several self-report questionnaires, including the Defeat Scale, Entrapment Scale, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-short, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15. To assess the IMV model, structural equation modeling with the interaction of latent variables was performed.

The results indicated that the overall model’s fit was poor. Although the model explained 70% and 61% of the variance in entrapment and suicidal ideation, respectively, the pathway between entrapment and suicidal ideation was not statistically significant. The findings demonstrated that the most effective predictors of suicidal ideation were perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness.

The results add to our knowledge of what constructs are more critical in the emergence of suicidal ideation. It is hoped that the study findings will lead to a greater interest in this field of research in the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created many problems. This paper aims to predict moral reasoning through spiritual health and personality via the mediating role of empathy in physicians and nurses.

The current research is a cross-sectional analysis conducted on 320 physicians and nurses working in hospitals’ COVID-19 wards. We used the available sampling method, and the research tools included the brief form of personality inventory for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (Krueger et al. 2012), the spiritual well-being scale (Dehshiri 2009), the defining issue test-2 (Rest et al. 1986), and the interpersonal reactivity index (Davis 1983). 

The results of the current investigation indicated that spiritual well-being has a positive and significant effect on empathy (P<0.0001, β=0.236). Empathy has a positive and significant correlation with moral reasoning (P=0.032, β=0.117). And finally, the moral reasoning variable in the current model was calculated at 0.019.

The current study shows that empathy can predict moral reasoning. Meanwhile, understanding the feelings of others can be more useful in judgment and decision-making. In addition, spiritual health can play an important role in empathy.

Family's socio-economic status may significantly influence parenting style. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles of 7 to 12-year-old children, parenting styles, and the socio-economic status of parents.

This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population included 7 to 12 children who studied in elementary schools of Tehran in 2021. A sample of 95 individuals were selected by random sampling method and evaluated by questionares regarding Socio-Economic status (SE) (Ghodratnama, 2013), Parenting Style (PS) (Baumrind, 1973), Kinship Center Attachment (KCA) (Halpern and Kappenberg, 2006). The information obtained from the samples was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered 5%.

There was a a significant correlation between the attachment styles of the children and parenting styles and the socio-economic status of parents (r= -.284, p<0.01). In parenting styles there was a significant relationship between authoritive parenting style and positive adjustment (r= -.258, p<0.05), emotional reactivity (r= .218, p<0.05), negative behaviour (r= .394, p<0.01) and distancing from caregiver support (r= .407, p<0.01). There was also a significant relationship between authoritarian and positive adjustment (r= .315, p<0.01), negative behaviour (r= -.311, p<0.01), distancing from caregiver support (r= -.379, p<0.01). A significant relationship was observed between permissive and negative behavior (r= .232, p<0.05).

Both authoritative and permissive parenting styles seem to be dysfunctional. They cause different behavioural and emotional issues in children due to their attachment styles.

In addition to the physical problems, Covid - 19 has led to several psychological crises for people worldwide. Among these crises are mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, obsessive - compulsive disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological difficulties could have a significant impact on the spiritual well - being of individuals. The present study investigated the relationship between spiritual well - being and two other variables namely depression and anxiety, in the general population, hospital staff, and health center staff, during the coronavirus pandemic .

Methods :

This is a descriptive cross - sectional study. The statistical population of the study included three groups from the general population, and health center and hospital employees, out of whom a sample of 450 participants was selected using the available samp ling method. Correlation method was used to check the relationship between the variables. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interests was reported by the authors .

Pearson’s correlation test results in the general population revealed a significant positive relationship between depression and anxiety (r=0.497, P<0.01). Also, there was a significant negative relationship between spiritual well - being and depression (r= - 0.456, P<0.01), but no significant relatio nship was found in relation to anxiety (r= - 0.097, P<0.238). Similar results were obtained in health center staff; there was a significant positive relationship between depression and anxiety (r=0.392, P<0.01), a negative and significant relationship betwee n spiritual well - being and depression (r= - 0.519, P<0.01), and no significant relationship between spiritual well - being and anxiety (r= - 0.488, P <0.558). In hospital staff participants, depression was significantly and positively correlated with anxiety (r=0 .592, P<0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between spiritual well - being and depression (r= - 0.225, P<0.002), as well as anxiety (r= - 0.194, P<018) .

The findings highlighted the urgent need for psychological intervent ions as well as educational courses to be conducted for various populations to help increase their spiritual well - being, and reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety that they experience during this stressful conditions caused by the corona pandemic .

 Because peptic ulcer patients have maladaptive coping responses, this research investigated the emotion regulation training efficacy on coping responses in attenuating the stress of life events in these patients.

 The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on coping responses in attenuating the stress of life events in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was investigated.

 This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, in which participants were followed for three months. Forty-six participants were selected by the purposeful sampling method from March 2021 to June 2021. Assignment in experimental and control groups was done by simple random method. The Persian form of the Coping Style Scale (CSS) was filled out as the pretest. The emotion regulation training protocol was delivered in eight sessions during eight weeks. Afterward, both groups were followed for three months. The ANCOVA test was run in SPSS 22 to analyze the data.

 Findings suggested that emotion regulation training significantly decreased avoidance coping strategy (P < 0.01), active behavioral coping strategy (P < 0.01), and enhanced active cognitive coping strategy (P < 0.01). These changes persisted in the experimental group after three months of the post-test (P < 0.01).

 Emotion regulation training can affect coping responses in patients with PUD and improve their adaptive coping strategies and emotional functioning. Therefore, this short-term protocol can be added to the treatment protocol of these patients.

The prevalence of coronavirus and its health-related psychological consequences such as fear and anxiety has been one of the most important health concerns in the 21st century.

This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of fear of COVID-19 and lockdown fatigue in coronavirus anxiety among patients with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD).

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted through path analysis. The statistical population included the patients with CHD referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital and Tehran Heart Center, 105 of whom were selected using convenience sampling. The data were collected using the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV19S), and Lockdown Fatigue Scale (LFS). The reliability and validity of these scales were approved in the previous studies. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS 21 software and were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test and step-wise regression analysis.

The study was conducted on 105 participants (6% males and 94% females) aged 20 to above 41 years. Considering marital status, 5% of the participants were single, 94% were married, and 1% were divorced. In addition, the participants’ education levels ranged from diploma and lower degrees to postgraduate and higher degrees. According to the findings, coronavirus anxiety was positively correlated to the fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.509, P = 0.000) and lockdown fatigue (r = 0.466, P = 0.000) in patients with CHD. The results of step-wise regression analysis showed that based on the calculated coefficient of determination, 31% of the variability of coronavirus anxiety could be explained by the fear of COVID-19 and lockdown fatigue.

The study findings indicated that the fear of COVID-19 and lockdown fatigue could predict coronavirus anxiety. Therefore, interventions are recommended to be designed based on the introduction of programs concerning coronavirus anxiety, which may help reduce the anxiety and fear experienced by these patients. They can also be used as prevention programs to help prevent the onset of coronavirus anxiety in patients with CHD.

After the outbreak of the coronavirus disease, social distancing was recommended in order to prevent its spread. The current investigation was carried out to study whether commitment to social distancing could be predicted by corona-related anxiety and posttraumatic-stress disorder symptoms.
The cross sectional study was carried out on 595 individuals, who completed the questionnaires online. Convenience sampling was used for this purpose. The used questionnaires included the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and the Commitment to Social Distancing Scale (CSDS). The data analysis was done in two sections: descriptive and inferential. In the descriptive section, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were utilized. In inferential section, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were utilized. The data were analyzed using SPSS-24.
The results indicated that there was significant correlation between the impacts of all the components of the impact of event scale, except for avoidance with commitment to social distancing. Regression analysis showed that the total model was significant (adjusted r2= 0.099, f= 15.05, Sig= 0.01), and corona anxiety (β=0.319; p<0.05) and hyper-arousal subscale of the IES (β= 0.211; p<0.05) can significantly predict commitment to social distancing.
Informing the society of the importance of adherence to health instructions cannot solely lead to social distancing, therefore, policymakers need to combine public awareness with a little anxiety and alertness so that people follow health guidelines.

Growing evidence demonstrate that mindfulness-based self-help interventions have benefits for physical and psychological health in different populations. Mindfulness-based emotional balance is a new program whose efficacy in form of self-help has not been studied so far. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the program on the emotion dysregulation and self-compassion in a student sample.

this study was a double-blind randomized control trial. Totally 80 students were randomly divided into two groups (40 people in each group) of self-help of mindfulness-based emotional balance and waiting list control. The Mindful Attentional Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) were done before the intervention, after ten weeks, and at two months follow up.

Analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of self-help program on emotion dysregulation and self-compassion in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up (P<0.05), whereas waiting list control group showed no significant change in any of the scales. There was also a significant increase in  mindfulness in the post-test stage (p<0.05). All changes were permanent in two months follow-up.

In summary, the mindfulness-based emotional balance can be an effective, inexpensive, and acceptable self-help program to reduce the emotion dysregulation and self-compassion.