فهرست مطالب amir vahedian-azimi

Pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pose significant environmental and health risks. Exposure to PAHs has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal exposure to PAHs and Preterm Birth.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases were searched without a time limit until June 16, 2024. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE framework to evaluate the credibility of the evidence. Data analysis was done using random-effects models and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval to synthesize association estimates. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using Cochran’s Q test and I-squared (I2) statistic, and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 17 (Stata Corp; College Station; TX, USA) software.

Out of 5695 studies screened, 6 with a total sample size of 45158 were included in our final review. The results of the meta-analysis showed a non-significant overall association between maternal exposure to PAH metabolites and preterm birth (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 0.80-1.49, P=0.59) and the I-squared index indicated significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 88.23%, P<0.001). Based on the funnel plot analysis and the results Begg's test (P=0.964) and Egger's regression test (P=0.855) both suggested no significant publication bias.

This study underscores the no effect of PAHs exposure on preterm birth. However, further well-designed prospective studies with standardized exposure assessment methods and rigorous control of confounding factors are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking PAH exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Delay in the transfer of critically ill patients admitted to the emergency department to the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to worsening of their clinical outcomes. The long time from the beginning of the primary organ disorder to the appropriate interventions in critically ill patients has a direct impact on the survival rate of these patients because critically ill patients often need time-sensitive therapeutic interventions to reduce mortality.  Shortening the admission time of critically ill patients who need to be hospitalized in ICU can be significantly decreased mortality in the patients. Different interventions can be done in this field. One of the most cost-effective measures to reduce the mortality of these patients is to preserve the golden and precious time to start the care and treatment process. Evidence-based and need-based training is always effective and beneficial. This letter highlights the crucial role of RCCN in emergency and critical care settings and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive training program to equip them with the necessary skills. By investing in the development of RCCN, we can enhance patient outcomes, reduce complications, optimize resource utilization, and ultimately save lives.

Cardiac arrest and heart attack are the most common cardiovascular diseases in the world. Most of the time, during a cardiac arrest, there is a person as an observer who can prevent brain death and save the patient's life in the golden time (first 4 to 6 minutes of cardiopulmonary arrest) by performing resuscitation. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in person and virtual on the level of learning resuscitation skills (awareness and performance) in military families.

In this clinical trial study, 100 people from families living in selected organizational areas were randomly assigned to two groups of face-to-face training (50 people) and virtual training (50 people). In the face-to-face training group, during a 2-hour session, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and how to deal with cardiac arrest victims were taught theoretically and practically (mannequins). In the virtual educational group, educational materials were presented by using virtual channels (once-up Weita platform) and sending animation videos, photos, short texts, and PDF files of educational booklets during two weeks. In order to collect data, a demographic form, an awareness questionnaire including 14 four-choice questions, and a performance assessment checklist including 13 items were used to assess the skill in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At the end, the collected data were compared between the two groups.

Data related to age (P = 0.468), sex (P = 0.812), education (P = 0.307), occupation (P = 0.055) had no significant difference in the two groups. The U-Man-Whitney test showed that there was no statistically significant difference before the intervention between the two groups of face-to-face and virtual education in terms of knowledge and skill levels (P>0.05). Wilcoxon's statistical test showed that the difference in the mean score of knowledge and skill level before and after the intervention in both face-to-face and virtual education groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the U-Man Whitney test showed that there is a statistically significant difference after the intervention between the two groups of face-to-face and virtual training in terms of knowledge and skill level (P<0.05).

In this research, in both face-to-face and virtual training groups, the amount of knowledge and skill increased significantly compared to before and after the training. However, by comparing the two groups, it was observed that the amount of knowledge in the participants of the virtual training group was higher and the amount of skill in the participants of the face-to-face training group were more. Despite the belief of the effectiveness of face-to-face training, the findings of this research showed that virtual training can be as effective as face-to-face training.

Patient satisfaction is one of the indicators for measuring the efficiency and quality of services provided to clients. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of patients' satisfaction with the services provided in one of the selected military hospitals.

This descriptive study was conducted on 260 patients discharged from one of the naval hospitals, which was selected and conducted by available sampling method in 2018. The data collection tool was a 48-question patient satisfaction questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were used for data analysis, and independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson were used for the relationship between satisfaction and demographic characteristics.

The level of satisfaction in medical and non-medical departments was at a high level. Facility services and reception services had the lowest level of satisfaction. The variables of age, gender, marital status, and number of hospitalizations had no significant statistical relationship with satisfaction, while the number of referrals and reason for referral had a significant statistical relationship with satisfaction.  

Considering the low satisfaction of patients with health and hygiene services in medical departments and admission in non-medical departments, it is necessary to investigate the management method of these departments to improve satisfaction by searching for the causes of dissatisfaction based on the cause.

Marine medicine is one of the medical science fields that deals with the health and safety of people related to the sea but marine medicine syllabus for education to students is not specified yet. The present study aimed to specify the syllabus of marine medicine education.

 This qualitative study was conducted through inductive content analysis approach between 2021-2022 in Tehran, Iran. A total of 12 person that were expert and have experience with marine medicine were selected by purposive sampling method. A semi-structured interview was conducted, then carefully transcribed and analyzed using Graneheim & Lundman qualitative content analysis approach.

Six category and twenty-five subcategories emerged after data analysis. Categories include introduction to the sea and marine medicine, health at sea, common diseases and injuries in the sea, diving and hyperbaric medicine, emergency care at sea and psychology at the sea.  

 Marine medicine is an extent and specialized medical field and medical science students in their general course just needs to educated by its main topics.

The objective of this study was to determine the role of Iranian herbal Zofa® syrup in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 105 patients with COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=35) group (received 10 ml of Zofa® syrup every 8 hours/seven days plus standard treatment) or the control (n=70) group (received only standard treatment). Assessments were performed before and after treatment. The groups were comparable regarding age (p=0.980), gender (p=0.584), comorbidities (p=0.318), or drug history (p=0.771). There was no difference between patients' recovery status at the time of discharge (p=0.327) or two weeks post-discharge (p=0.165) in the intervention and control groups. No patient was hospitalized to the intensive care unit (ICU) for supplemental oxygen therapy and no patient died in the intervention group. However, in the control group, three (4.5%) patients were transferred to the ICU, and two (3.03%) patients died. Considering the better recovery status of the patients at the time of discharge and the absence of patient deaths in the intervention group, more additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the role of Zofa® in COVID-19.

The objective of this study was to identify the level of treatment adherence and also sought to explore several demographic, clinical, comorbidities, and self-care behavior factors that may affect adherence among patients with heart failure (HF).

This single-center cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 500 adult HF patients referred to the clinic of Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, in Tehran, Iran, from February to July 2022. The level of treatment adherence was assessment through Modanloo’s questionnaire. An unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression model was used to check the effect of different factors on the patients’ adherence level.

Among 474 responders, 51.7% had “good” adherence to treatment. According to the results, age >54 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.967, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.946–0.988, P = 0.002), mitral valve regurgitation (OR: 0.597, 95% CI: 0.362–0.982, P = 0.042) and HF duration (OR: 0.486, 95% CI: 0.274–0.862, P = 0.014) were found as independent variables associated with “poor” treatment adherence. However, higher educational level (OR: 3.313, 95% CI: 2.632–4.067, P < 0.001), New York Heart Association class I (OR: 3.231, 95% CI: 1.587–4.661, P = 0.002), ejection fraction (EF) >40% (OR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.005–1.041, P = 0.013), HF with preserved EF (OR: 2.728, 95% CI: 1.387–5.365, P = 0.004), familiar with social media (OR: 3.792, 95% CI: 1.777–4.268, P < 0.001) and high awareness of HF (OR: 2.385, 95% CI: 1.072–3.044, P = 0.006) were significant positive predictors for good adherence to treatment.

Adherence to the treatment regimen has improved compared to previous studies, but is still suboptimal, particularly with respect to awareness of HF. Therefore, improving the awareness of patients as well as encouraging and supporting them for self-care behaviors can have a positive effect on treatment adherence.

In the new age, there is a growing need for nurses with specialized roles for technological advancement, aging, and the development of chronic diseases to receive quality care and reduce treatment costs.

For this purpose, English language databases Web of Sciences, Science direct Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus from 1980 to 2019 and Persian databases, Iran Medex, SID, and Magiran from 1991 to 1397 using the keywords of the specialist nurse, The role of the specialist nurse in the intensive care unit, and its English equivalents. Of the 1,600 initial studies, 12 articles were finalized.

The study findings identified the role of the specialist nurse in the intensive care unit, and it shows that a specialist nurse has a complex, permanent, diverse, and dynamic nature, and that a specialist nurse plays a vital role in providing patient care, including providing quality care in bed, reducing treatment costs, and preventing nosocomial infections.

The study findings identified the concept of a specialist nurse in the intensive care unit. The results also show that a specialist nurse plays an essential role in providing patient care, including providing quality care in bed, reducing treatment costs, and preventing nosocomial infections. Awareness of the characteristics of the concept of the role of the specialist nurse in the intensive care unit, its precedents, and broad consequences will further lead to the promotion of the position, importance, and application of this concept in the nursing profession and an exploratory tool for further research and development. The body of knowledge in this profession is considered.

Uremic syndrome, because of chronic renal failure, causes a wide range of problems in patients. One of the most important diseases which can be mentioned is considered to be sleep disorder. The prevalence of sleep disorder has been reported to be 40-85% that can cause a decline in various systems in the body, including cardiovascular and the immune systems and can eventually lead to a decrease in life quality and may also increase the morbidity and mortality rate in these patients. Therefore, finding effective interventions in order to manage sleep disorder of these patients should be part of the comprehensive care plan of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to improve sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.

A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest, Science Direct and Cochrane Library databases for publications up to May 2022 in order to find all studies that examined the effects of interventions (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) on sleep outcomes in hemodialysis patients. By performing meta-analysis, Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) of 95% were calculated for continuous outcomes using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistic.

Totally, 15 studies with 997 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Findings reveal a positive effect of interventions on sleep quality based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, (SMD = -1.93, 95% CI = -2.63 to -1.22, P<0.001) with a significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 94.9%, P<0.001).

Based on the findings of the present meta-analysis, interventions such as acupressure, relaxation techniques, pharmaceutical interventions and muscle relaxation have a positive effect on the quantity and quality of sleep of patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, due to diversity in methodological quality and the heterogeneity of the studies included in this study, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of different intervention. As a result, the interpretation of the results should be done cautiously.

Postoperative delirium (POD), a highly prevalent syndrome after cardiac surgery, is characterized by a rapid decline in brain function with inattention, disorganized thinking, and an altered level of consciousness. It is clinically important because it is associated with severe negative consequences. This study aimed to develop a protocol to help the prevent postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery.

This multiphase design study consisted of two phases. The first phase was a scoping review to identify risk factors associated with POD in cardiac surgery. The second phase included three consecutive rounds of expert panels based on a Delphi method to obtain consensus from experts to determine and use these risk factors to develop a protocol. A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Literature searches using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were conducted. Two independent investigators performed the selection of studies and data extraction via checklists. In the second phase, based on two Delphi rounds, risk factors with a significant effect on postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery were identified according to the consensus of experts (≥75% agreement). In the third round of the expert panel, only modifiable factors that could improve based on existing conditions and context were used to develop a protocol.

The final protocol was developed based on 20 pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent POD in three stages pre-, intra-, and post-cardiac surgery.  

Interventions such as prescribing melatonin instead of benzodiazepines, dexmedetomidine treatment, preoperative education patients that were candidated for cardiac surgery, training nurses, use of arterial filters and pre-bypass filters in the perfusion circuit, prevention of intraoperative hyperglycemia, cerebral oximetry and temperature management during CPB and some interventions in ICU-OH can reduce POD in cardiac surgery.

In order to achieve the major goals of transformation in the health care system, organizing and developing the existing potential properly play a pivotal role. The objective is to conduct a scoping review to describe available extent of literatures about scattered structure, process, and outcome factors of the clinical specialist nurse and redesign those as three cohesive and interconnected factors. 

A scoping review of studies was conducted from 1970 to June 20, 2020, focusing on the structure, process, and outcome factors of the clinical specialist nurse from six databases.

Forty‑six studies were carried out. Structure (individual characteristics, intra‑organizational, and governance factors), process (professional interactions, and roles and duties of a specialist nurse), and outcome (patient and family, nurse, and organizational outcomes) factors were identified.

With the correct knowledge of the factors, it is possible to achieve the desired therapeutic, organizational, and professional results of nursing by providing the necessary fields in the structure, process, and outcomes. The identification of structures, processes, and outcomes that influence clinical nurse’s role implementation may inform strategies used by providers and decision makers to optimize these roles across healthcare settings and guarantee the delivery of high‑quality care.

Marine medicine is one of the medical fields that deals with the health and safety of people related to the sea. However, it is an isolated profession which, despite its importance, has received less attention and the skills and competencies required are still debated. By searching and gathering information in published papers in this field, three main areas of marine medicine including marine therapeutic applications, diseases and health problems caused by the marine environment and diseases and health problems caused by marine occupations were identified. Therapeutic applications of the sea include the two main areas of thalassotherapy and marine therapeutic products. In addition to the direct use of climate and sea environment in the treatment of diseases, a variety of products obtained from the sea also have unique properties and can be used to treat many diseases. Diseases and health problems caused by the marine environment include animals related issues, scuba diving related issues and toxins related issues. Animal-related illnesses and health problems include marine animals that cause serious injuries, marine animals that cause severe electric shocks, marine animals that are poisonous, and marine animals that have venomous stings. The most important diseases and health problems related to diving include oxygen poisoning, carbon dioxide poisoning, pulmonary barotrauma, barotrauma of the ear and sinuses, and decompression sickness. Toxins-related diseases and health problems include neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, ciguatera fish poisoning, edible crab poisoning and mercury poisoning. Also, diseases and health problems caused by marine occupations include health problems and diseases related to safety, physical and mental health. Therefore, in the marine medicine education, the three main areas of marine medicine and the topics related to each of them should be considered.

Patients’ rights are their expectations from healthcare organization and hospitals. Protection of patient rights by nurses is possible only when they have the necessary knowledge in this field. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the nurses' knowledge and observance about patients' rights in selected military hospitals.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran during 2022. The research samples included 317 nurses who were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire consisting of three parts, which was completed by nurses in self-report manner; the first part was related to the demographic data, and the second and third parts were related to the patients' legal status (for assessing nurses' knowledge and observance about patients' rights).

49.2% of nurses' knowledge about patient rights was in good status and 47.9% was in excellent status. In other words, about half of the nurses were aware of patients' rights. Meanwhile, in terms of observance of patient rights by nurses, 71% of them were in excellent status. The level of knowledge and observance of patients' rights had a significant relationship with the variables of age, job history and education level (P<0.05).

Considering that about half of the nurses in the selected military hospitals did not have adequate knowledge of the patient's rights, the necessity of training and informing the nurses is becoming more apparent. It is suggested that the education of patients' rights to nurses and patients should be placed at the top of the plans of managers and decision makers of the organization.

Patient satisfaction, as one of the effective tools in evaluating the quality of healthcare and planning to improve the health system, is of great importance. The aim of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with the provided services in one of the Iranian naval clinics.

This cross-sectional study was performed in an Iranian naval clinic in 2020. A sampling method was available and 203 patients were included in the study. The data collection tool was the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire with 48 questions, with confirmed validity and reliability. This questionnaire evaluated patients' satisfaction in two parts of treatment services including medical, nursing, health, and cleaning services, and non-treatment services including admission services, staff, nutritional status, welfare facilities, pharmacy, and religious observance.

Patients' satisfaction with the services provided in the medical sectors was 73.4% and in the non-medical sectors was 70.7% (good level). The highest and lowest levels of satisfaction in the medical sectors were related to medical (75.5%) and nursing services (69.9%) and the highest and lowest levels of satisfaction in the non-medical sectors were related to admission services (79.1%) and nutrition (59.9%). There was a significant relationship between age, marital status, and previous referrals to the clinic with patient satisfaction. There was no significant relationship between gender, education, the reason for referring to the clinic, and insurance with patient satisfaction.

The findings of the present study showed that the patients were more satisfied with the medical services compared to the non-medical ones. It seems that managers and planners should focus on improving the clinic's condition and increasing their satisfaction with the provision of well-equipped and well-trained staff, with a particular emphasis on improving nutritional services.

Sleep disorders in patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are one of the most important causes of increased length of stay, decreased recovery, delirium and neurological and psychological problems. Nursing interventions can be effective in improving sleep disorders. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of nursing interventions on the improvement of sleep disorders in patients admitted to ICUs.

This systematic review was conducted in the first half of 2021 by searching Persian and English articles in the period from the beginning of 1980 to the first half of 2021. The search strategy and keywords were defined based on the PICO system and inclusion criteria. Search with a combination of Persian keywords: "sleep disorder", "nursing care", "intensive care unit" and their English equivalents sleep disorder, hyper somnolence, insomnia, dyssomnia, sleep apnea, sleep deprivation, intensive care, critical care, ICU, CCU, nursing intervention nursing care in Persian-language databases Scientific Jihad (SID) and information of national publications (Magiran) and English Scopus, Web of Science, Pub Med, Science Direct and Proquest also performed using Google scholar search engine Has been. Qualitative evaluation of articles was performed with Jadad scale. Of the 18,799 initially retrieved studies, 97 reached the final review stage.

The results showed that reducing ambient noise, leisure time protocol, use of ear and eyeglasses, music therapy, aromatherapy and pharmacotherapy, especially oral melatonin, had the greatest effect on the quality and quantity of sleep. Interventions with less impact and application included massage, acupuncture, physiotherapy, milk and honey combination before bed, cognitive-behavioral therapy, spiritual care, follow-up care model, ventilator modes, relaxation and guided visualization. Also, a variety of pharmacological interventions are used as an alternative or in combination with non-pharmacological interventions.

The findings of this study showed that simple and low-cost interventions such as reducing the number of direct care visits, reducing noise and ambient light and using blindfolds and earplugs are the most effective nursing interventions in improving the quality and quantity of sleep in ICUs. After recognizing the cases that cause sleep disorders in patients admitted to ICUs, nurses can prevent the occurrence of complications of sleep disorders in patients with these interventions.

The study of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has provided conflicting results in terms of their effect on mortality.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate mortality in ARDS patients who underwent NMBA.

A retrospective secondary analysis of 4,200 patients with ARDS was collected from two academic medical centers, Tehran, Iran. This study was performed to assess the impact of NMBAs use in ARDS patients with different subgroups including mild and moderate-to-severe ARDS, age more and less than 65 years, having medical turnover vs. not-having, and high acute nursing care vs. moderate to low nursing care. The primary outcome was the ICU mortality

In the subjects without medical turnover, the moderate dose of NMBAs significantly reduces the mortality of patients (P=0.044). In patients who need high acute nursing care, increasing the NMBAs dose significantly reduces patients' mortality (P=0.010). In addition, increasing the NMBAs doses significantly reduces ICU LOS (p <0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the high dose vs. low dose of NMBAs was increased the risk of mortality among patients between 80 to 84 years old (OR: 3.142, 95% CI: 1.461-6.756, P=0.003). However, higher doses of NMBA than low doses reduce the risk of death in patients between 50 and 54 years of age (OR: 0.432, 95% CI: 0.267-0.798, P=0.006).

this study provides evidence that the administration of different doses of NMBAs had no effect on patients’ mortality with mild or moderate-to-severe ARDS.

Among different variables affecting students' performance, academic motivation is one of the most vital factors. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and academic motivation in postgraduate nursing students.

A total of 220 postgraduate nursing students were selected from 10 nursing schools in a cross-sectional study using multistage randomized sampling with replacement in 2014-2015. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire and the Academic Motivation Scale of Vallerand were the data collection tools. A hierarchical regression model was used in seven blocks for evaluating the demographic, educational, familial, social, and spiritual well-being course characteristics.

According to the results, postgraduate students in nursing had low self-esteem (13.968) and moderate academic motivation (128.318). The correlation between self-esteem and academic motivation was 0.313 with a t-statistic of 4.874 at a significant positive level (p <0.001). The spiritual well-being course (P <0.0001) (as an educational variable) had a significant impact on academic motivation with an average increase in self-esteem.

Self-esteem should be considered as a criterion for screening applicants for master's degrees given the sensitivity of nursing postgraduate students' personal and occupational performance. Since the spiritual well-being course affects self-esteem, introducing cultural patterns and interventions in this field can be associated with increasing students ’self-esteem.

Endotracheal intubation (EI) associated with mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently performed in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis.

This study aimed to assess the impact of important factors on the duration of tracheal intubation in patients with sepsis at the ICU admission.

Adult patients admitted to the mixed medical–surgical ICUs with sepsis at the ICU admission who needs prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) (≥ 21 days) were included in this retrospective secondary analysis study. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were assessed as risk factors associated with the duration of MV by univariate and multivariate Binary logistic regression.

Eighty-five patients required more than 21 days of MV. Out of the 85 patients, 52 (61.2%) patients were intubated within 30 to 34.50 days and 33 (38.8%) patients had intubation within 34.51 to 65 days, and categorized as PMV and very prolonged MV groups, respectively. Two parameters were significantly associated with very prolonged MV which are as follows: older age 1.229 (95% CI: 1.002-1.507, P = 0.048) and long hospital stay (LOS) 2.996 (95% CI: 1.676-5.356, P < 0.001). No significant survival difference was observed between the two groups of study. (33.3% vs. 25%, P = 0.406).

Our observations showed that the older age and LOS as pre-ICU stay in patients with positive sepsis at the ICU admission can prolong the duration of intubation. In addition, no significant survival difference was observed between patients with PMV and very prolonged MV.

Providing palliative care (PC) is increasing by the increase in the number of people with life-threatening diseases and determined the benefits of these services in the community. Access to palliative care is a patient’s rights and ethical responsibility. Thus it is necessary to integrate into all level of the health system, including the primary health care. This study was conducted to assess the requirements for the integration of PC into the primary health care.

It was a document analysis, carried out through conventional content analysis and 10 national documents on PC, released by governmental organizations from 2010. The 4-step Scott method was used for the data validity and the coding process was done utilizing MAXQDA 10 software.

Base on the data analysis, we identified the “requirements of the integration of PC into the primary health care”, was of 4 main categories and 12 sub-categories. The categories include “principles and basics”, “legislation and policy-making”, “the establishment of PC system” and “the need for civil support”, which were extracted by reviewing the documents.

PC is believed to be in its early stages in the Iranian health system. Therefore, universal access to these services requires their provision at the community level. Thus, it is recommended that the principles and basics of PC in the country be explained and then, the necessary infrastructures of this integration be provided with the cooperation of governmental organizations, NGOs, and charities, through proper policy making.

Retraction of articles occurs as a result of scientific misconducts or honest errors.

This study aimed to identify the frequency of retracted Iranian publications, compared to those of other countries and adjust them with influential parameters.

All publications that were indexed on the Scopus database from 2008 to 2017 and then retracted, due to scientific misconduct were extracted through the Retraction Watch database and selected as the research community. To calculate the growth of retraction for each proposed country (or region), first, the rate of an absolute number of retracted papers for the years 2013-2017 was divided by the similar number for years 2008-2012, then this rate was adjusted to the retracted rate which is similarly computed for the total retracted statistics of the world.

Overall, 545 Iranian retracted publications from 2008 to 2017 were identified, of which 240 and 305 retracted articles were related to the first five years and the second five years of the study, respectively. The results showed that less than 1% (0.82) of all scientific articles published by Iranian researchers were retracted. However, the rate of retracted scientific articles in Iran compared to this rate in the world was significantly higher.

Although retracted Iranian publications make up a small percentage of all Iranian publications, the number of retracted publications is increasing. It is important to recognize the reasons for scientific misconducts and to provide researchers with proper education.

Patientschr('39') perspectives as a reliable source can be considered for the evaluation of health services. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of patients with COVID-19 from the services provided in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2020.

In this cross-sectional study, 73 patients with COVID-19 discharged from Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran were selected by the available sampling method. The data collection tool was a patient satisfaction questionnaire consisting of 48 questions which were adjusted based on the Likert scale and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The questionnaire assessed patient satisfaction in two aspects of medical (nursing, physician, health and hygiene) and non-medical services including nutritional status, welfare facilities, admission services, staff behavior, discharge and religious observance. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18.

Patientschr('39') satisfaction with the medical aspect was 86% and in the non-therapeutic aspect was 84.15% (excellent level). There was no statistically significant relationship between demographic variables such as age, sex, marital status, hospitalization, type of insurance and the reason for hospital selection with patient satisfaction. (p>0.05).

Due to the high satisfaction of patients in the hospital, especially in the medical aspect, it is possible to strengthen the positive points and also analyze the reasons for patient dissatisfaction, especially in the non-medical aspect, to improve hospital services and performance and increase patient satisfaction.

COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-Cov-2, begins with early symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, and fatigue, affecting the lungs with pneumonia and causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Also, the onset of the disease may with rapid progression, lead to organ dysfunction, such as acute kidney or liver damage, and even death in severe cases. Many scientific efforts are underway around the world to identify the appropriate treatment for this disease. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound, which could be a potential treatment option for patients with Covid-19. In this study, we review some of the possible effects of curcumin, such as inhibiting virus entry into the cell, inhibiting virus replication and viral protease, as well as modulating some intracellular messenger pathways. To comprehensive literature review, information from an internet search of English language databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect as well as Persian language databases such as SID using related keywords based on MESH such as COVID-19, SARS-COV-2 , Curcumin and curcuminoid between January 2020 and January 2021 were collected. This review provides some possible effects of curcumin and its mechanisms for the treatment of COVID-19.