فهرست مطالب amirmohammad salehi

Liver biopsy remain as the gold standard for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis; however, it has some limitations, such as life-threatening complications, low acceptance by the patients, and variations in the related sample. Therefore, there is a need for the development of non-invasive investigations for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is one of these non-invasive methods.

This study included 73 patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who were older than 18 years. The patients underwent VCTE at the Baqiatallah and Firoozgar hospitals. Then, they underwent a liver biopsy by an experienced radiologist in the same hospital. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of different fibrosis stages was used to evaluate the VCTE verification.

VCTE could detect any fibrosis levels (stage 1 and higher) with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.381. Moreover, it detected stage 2-4 fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.400, stage 3-4 fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.687, and stage 4 fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.984.

The VCTE has high clinical validity in diagnosing the advanced stages of fibrosis (stages 3, 4) and can be a suitable alternative to the invasive method of liver biopsy with high reliability. 

Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is an uncommon disease characterized by esophageal mucosal sloughing. EDS is a benign condition that usually resolves without residual pathology. Medication, chemical irritants, hot drinks, and autoimmune diseases have all been associated with EDS. Here a 60-yearold lady with post-COVID-19 EDS is presented. Her chief complaint was dysphagia and odynophagia for 2 weeks duration. EDS diagnosis was based on endoscopic findings and biopsy. Her problem was improved by a high dose of pantoprazole.

Hydatidosis, a zoonotic infection of the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, has a worldwide distribution. Due to the late onset of clinical manifestation, the cyst can involve the greater part of the tissue. This case study was performed on a massive hydatid cyst (HC) (85×115mm), reported in a 39-year-old woman. She was referred to the clinic with right upper quadrant pain and gastric pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the vast space of the liver had been occupied by the massive cyst in the right lobe of the liver. Routine liver assays were normal. IgG enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test using antibody was negative (0.19 mg/dL). Resection laparoscopic surgery was scheduled for the patient due to severe pain. The massive HC was confirmed in microscopic examination of the cyst.

Caroli disease is characterized by bile duct ectasia without other liver abnormalities. In contrast, Caroli syndrome is characterized by bile duct dilatation with congenital liver fibrosis. Caroli disease is rarer than Caroli syndrome. This paper introduces a 32-yearold man with vitiligo and asymptomatic Caroli disease who was accidentally diagnosed following a fall from a height.

Advances in technology and discoveries lead to promoting health services and, consequently, improving the quality of patient care services. In the meantime, educational programs and teaching methods play an important role in achieving the goals, and it is necessary to change and update the necessary information in them as technology advances and Crisis times that will take society into coma; Such as infectious diseases like Covid-19; To be able to meet the needs of the human day and health care system maintains its efficiency. Changing curricula to keep pace with existing technologies and innovations is a challenge, even for the best professors at medical universities. "Change" has a protocol of "best principles" developed by "change managers" and must be applied when developing medical education programs. Although different curricula have different outcomes and learning objectives; But the basic principles of change management theory apply to all aspects of change in curricula and include six steps: driving change and setting goals, communicating with stakeholders, planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

Higher education is not uniform. There are significant differences between higher education systems among different countries and even among institutions in a similar education or system; therefore, identifying the various types of entrepreneurial activities helps the mission of fourth-generation universities.

The purpose of this study was to introduce the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities.

We systematically searched the international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, SID, and Google Scholar, until 2021 using some relevant keywords. Then, screening and selecting eligible articles according to inclusion criteria were done by two researchers independently.

Soft skills training, sustainable development training, training business law, reviewing the continuous training of professors, promoting ideation and creativity to solve problems, development of interdisciplinary training, decentralization of government accelerators and deployment of private accelerators, privatization of higher education, and internationalization are the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities. One of the critical aspects and perspectives of the fourth-generation university is the development of job skills, professions, and competencies and empowerment of students and professors in line with the process of national development and solving society's problems scientifically.

This research's analytical results help the universities design and implement their strategies to reach the fourth-generation universities according to the standard implementation models of the fourth-generation universities.

Congenital renal anomalies cover a significant portion of abnormalities, which may be due to variations in number, position, shape, and size of the kidney(s). Most studies are based on structural, local, and vascular abnormalities, while few of them, to the best of our knowledge, were conducted on abnormal renal rotation (renal malrotation).

The patient was a 25-year-old woman who presented with right kidney pain with a history of pain in the same area. Examinations and tests were normal. The patient underwent retrograde pyelography. The right and the left kidneys were observed with excessive rotation and below the normal location, and severe hydronephrosis, respectively.

Ectopic kidneys are accidentally diagnosed and are prone to complications such as hydronephrosis, kidney stones, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), and urologic problems.