فهرست مطالب anahita masoumpoor

Premature infants in neonatal intensive care units are exposed to painful experiences due to various procedures, and effectively and safely pain relief is the responsibility of nurses. Due to their harmful effects on the neural development of premature infants, reducing environmental stimuli such as light and sound is one of the essential pillars of caring for these infants. 

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of modulation of environmental stimuli on pain caused by peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement in preterm infants.

This controlled trial study was conducted on 60 infants receiving PICC-port implantation. The infants who met the inclusion criteria were selected by random sampling. Then, they were randomly placed in an intervention or control group (30 in each group). The sound and light were reduced in the intervention group using earmuffs and eye shields. When implanting a central venous catheter, the pain amount was measured using the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) instrument. The control group measured neonatal pain without light and sound reduction. The data were recorded for statistical tests using the independent t-test, chi-squared test, and Fisher exact test.

Most of the studied neonates were female (56.6%) and analysis of covarianse. The total number of newborns who were candidates to receive a PICC-port was 80, of whom 60 were included in the study. The neonates have no surgery and congenital anomalies. Both genders were included in this study; 24.6% of them suffer from respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity simultaneously. The Mean±SD scores of pain were 9.37±3.15 in the intervention group and 12.63±2.19 in the control group. The independent t-test showed no significant difference between the two groups regarding demographic characteristics before the intervention. The mean score of PIPP after the intervention was significantly less in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.001). According to the results of the analysis of covariance, adjusting the environmental stimuli of light and sound was effective on the pain level of the neonate during PICC implantation with an effect size of 0.917.

Environment modifications are effective, inexpensive, accessible, and safe methods during PICC placement for premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and should be used to promote neonatal outcomes in terms of the neural development of the infant.

One of the most common data transfer in hospital is nurses’ shift handover which can help to improve patient care plan, safety and facilitate data transfer. Nursing cares based on standards makes the ward handover to next shift more effective and safer. This study was done aimed to determine the conformity rate of nursing cares regarding shift handover in neonatal intensive care units with the standards in selected hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive study, 381 nursing care related to ward handover to next shift in neonatal intensive care units were observed and assessed with time sampling method. Data were gathered through demographic questionnaire of nurses and hospitalized newborns and checklist with 72 item of standard nursing cares related to shift handover. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 20.

Conformity rate of nursing cares related to ward handover to next shift with standards in NICUs, was evaluated 44 percent and quality of nursing cares was moderate.

Results demonstrated moderate level of nursing cares in comparing with standards. It can be due to lack of awareness, inadequate training, careless of health providers, lack of supervision in shift handover process and lack of essential facilities and equipment.

Nurses are as the most important health care providers who require extensive knowledge and skills in this field. Despite the high importance of the issue, our knowledge of the current status of clinical performance and levels of nursing skills in the neonatal intensive care units is very low. The present study was done with the aim of determining the status of clinical performance of neonatal nurses in the NICU. The present research is a descriptive study, through which the clinical performances of 96 neonatal nurses were observed in eight areas. Data collection was done using a researcher-made Scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 21. The neonatal nurses’ clinical performances were acceptable (69.74%) in all the areas which includes vital signs control, daily cares, respiratory cares, infants feed, vessels' access, medicine prescription, phototherapy and using required equipment for neonates (such as warmer, Infusion pump, Defibrillator, Incubator, Ventilator and Phototherapy).The highest and lowest practices were assessed in the fields of infant nutrition (84.11%) and equipment utilized (51.93%), respectively. The nursing skills in the study areas seems within an acceptable range, which could be due to the NICU nurses’ interests in this field. In order to improve the performance of nurses in areas where there is a weakness, we suggest considering the importance of these care and disadvantages due to negligence.Keywords:Health Personnel, Nurses, Neonatal, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal

Incivility behavior is a multidimensional and growing behavior and effects of it are considered to be lasting and important. These behaviors not only crash the learning environment but also question the ethical values of the nursing profession. The American National Association of Nurses has considered the necessity of creation of an ethical environment and promotion of civic culture which is the same respect for human dignity in 2015 in its ethical codes and has considered behaviors such as humiliation, harassment and threats to be morally unacceptable. Hence, the measurement of incivility in nursing education will identify these behaviors and adopt appropriate strategies and interventions to reform nursing education. The have so far been a limited number of studies and scales in the field of incivility behavior in nursing education. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of methodological studies which explain the characteristics of such scales. This study has been carried out with the objective of having a critical review about psychometry of scales for evaluation of incivility behavior in nursing due to the importance of incivility behaviors in nursing education and its destructive effect on learning environment.
systematic search was used to conduct the study. For this purpose, related English and Persian articles were first searched for in Google Scholar without a time limit and then, specified search was done in Science Direct, ProQuest, Wiely Inter Science, PubMed databases using the keywords of incivility or nursing education or Nursing Educators or Nursing Students and Scale. The screening result of these articles was identification of 15 scales in the field of incivility behavior. The results were organized in two sections of introduction and critique of scales after studying and analyzing these scales. Scales were initially described based on the time of design and creation and the same scales were then criticized.
Ethical considerations: Integrity and trustworthiness were observed in analyzing, reporting and publishing the results.
Findings: From 80 received articles, 15 articles which were devoted to nursing were studied and analyzed. All the studied scales were designed in accordance with the culture of the target society and had satisfactory validity and reliability and could be used in different studies. Most studies showed a Cronbach’s Alpha between 0.80 - 0.90. Internal consistency, content validity and methodology have been referred from all necessary criteria raised for verifying the validity and reliability of all the examined scales. INE, OCS, NIS, and UBCNE scales demonstrate a good content validity in aspect of being related and comprehensive and are quite consistent with the target population.
Most scales evaluated the incivility behavior of instructors or students alone. The only tool which evaluates the incivility behavior of instructors or students with each other is incivility behavior measurement tool in nursing education by Clark et al. in which the validity and reliability of tool has been accurately mentioned while Casmin indexes are not met in other scales. The list of these scales is as follows: “Incivility in Nursing Education Scale (INES) “
“Work place Incivility Scale (WIS)"
“Workplace Aggression Tolerance Questionnaire (WATQ)”
“Uncivil Work place Behavior Questionnaire (UWBC)”
“Incivility in Nursing Education Scale (INES)”
“Bullying in nursing education Questionnaire (BNEQ)”
“Negative Acts Questionnaire –Revised (NAQ-R)”
“Nursing Education Environment Survey (NEES)”
“Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS)”
“Uncivil Behavior in Clinical Nursing Education (UBCNE)”
“Incivility in Online Learning Environments (IOLE)”
“Nurses Intervention for civility Education Questionnaire (NICE-Q)”
“Faculty –to-faculty Incivility Survey (F-FI)”
“Incivility in Nursing Education Scale- Revised (INES)-R”
Most studies showed Cronbach Alpha between 0.80 and 0.90. Burns & Groove (2005) write that high levels of internal correlation show high level of correlation between phrases that measures the concept of study. On the other hand, compatibility of an external instrument with the culture of the target society is essential for using this type of tool which will make comparison of scientific findings with other countries possible by creating a common language. Hence, proper translation and adaptation of the foreign scales with the culture of the research society is extremely important. In each society, there is the need to design and use scales appropriate to its social and cultural conditions. Since incivility behavior is a two-way interaction and on the other hand, some of the studied scales did not meet the social and cultural conditions of the society, these scales of behavior in two interacting groups should be designed in accordance with conditions of the society.

One of the main issues in nursing education that teachers and students frequently encounter is uncivil behaviors. This type of behavior is destructive for the teaching and learning environment. As teachers play an important role in nursing students' education and are ultimately their role models, the identification of these behaviors in nursing teachers appears to be essential. This study was conducted to determine nursing students' perceptions of their teachers' uncivil behaviors.The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and content analysis. A total of 13 nursing students were selected through purposive sampling, and deep and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Content analysis was performed using an inductive approach.Three main categories were obtained through data analysis; disruptive behaviors affecting communication climate (subthemes: humiliation, the lack of supportiveness, and distrust), disruptive behaviors affecting ethical climate (subthemes: self-centeredness, coercion and aggression, and harassment), and disruptive behaviors affecting learning climate (subthemes: poor teaching skills, poor time management, and indiscipline). Given that human dignity takes precedence over education, any action causing humiliation and embarrassment can have inverse effects on the students and may harm them. These behaviors taint the educational role. Since students select their teachers as their role models, the impact of teachers' uncivil behaviors on students cannot be neglected. Neglecting these behaviors might lead to their persistence in the clinical setting and irreparable damage to patients, who are the ultimate recipients of care

Mechanical ventilation is one of the most common treatments in neonatal intensive care unit and is however associated with many complications. One of the ways to reduce complications is providing nursing care according to standards. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the conformity of nursing care related to weaning neonates from mechanical ventilation to the standards in neonatal intensive care units.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study (the audit), 105 nursing cares related to weaning neonates from mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care units at the selected hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected and observed by the event sampling method in 2015. Data were gathered through a demographic questionnaire for nurses and hospitalized newborns, a checklist of nursing care related to weaning from mechanical ventilation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at the significance level less than 0.05.
Conformity rate of nursing care related to weaning neonates from mechanical ventilation to standards, was 68.3 percent, and compliance with the standards of care was 71.4 percent before weaning, 65.7 percent during weaning and 66.4 percent after weaning.
Nursing cares related to weaning neonates from mechanical ventilation are far from standards, and for its improvement, applying clinical guideline for neonatal nursing care and clinical supervision by managers for optimizing its implementation are suggested.

About 3% of neonates have large physical disorders that need surgeries. Upon increase in birth of premature neonates, the disorders that need surgeries have increased.esophagial atresia, bowel obstruction and imperforated anus are among the common disorders of neonates that can be dealt more effectively and safer with nursing cares according to the existing standards and the duration of stay of neonates at hospitals shall be decreased. This study aims to evaluate the compatibility of pre and Postoperative nursing cares with the existing standards. The present research is a descriptive auditing study in which 150 cases of nursing cares before and after the neonatal surgical operations have been studies and compared with the existing standards. The data collecting tool was checklist containing the data related to the manner of standard cares before and after neonatal surgical operations, being designed based on the review of existing contexts and standards and its validity and reliability was evaluated by contextual validity study and calculation of ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient), respectively, equivalent to 0.88. The method of information collecting was done by observation and recording the choices of the checklist at NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) of Mofid and Mahdieh Hospitals, affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics. The compatibility of pre and Postoperative nursing cares at the neonates’ wards and NICUs was evaluated as medium (66.9%), where 60.7% of the cares were done properly and 12.5% of them were not done properly and 26.8% of the cares were not done. The pre and Postoperative neonatal nursing cares are far away from the standards and it can be attributed to the carelessness of the caretakers, insufficiency at education, and shortage of facilities and equipment.