arash akaberi

Many factors affect marital satisfaction as one of the determinants of mental health, and may even lead to marital dissatisfaction.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the health of the family of origin and marital satisfaction and its components among women in Bojnurd, Khorasan, Iran.

In this descriptive correlational study, 218 women who met the inclusion criteria referred to Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd as inpatients or outpatients. They were selected using the convenience sampling method from January to April 2015. The data collection tools were the Family of Origin Health Scale (FOS) and Marital Satisfaction Index (MSI). Data analysis was performed using chi-square, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression at p=0.05 with SPSS software version 16.

The study participants’ mean age and duration of marriage were 31.40±8.90 and 11.10±9.30 years, respectively. The coefficient of correlation between FOS (136.52±26.93) and MSI (58.73±34.20) was negative, and their relationship was statistically significant (r=-0.365, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of MSI for individuals who had no familiarity and the familychr('39')s income before the marriage (p<0.001, p<0.007), respectively.

Given the undesirable level of marital satisfaction and the existence of problems in family relationships as one of the factors affecting FOS and MSI in this study, as well as the multifactorial nature of marital satisfaction, further multifactorial studies are recommended to determine the factors influencing marital satisfaction to improve this variable.

Iodine deficiency is associated with a wide range of disorders such as goiter and hypothyroidism. The present study aimed at evaluating the levels of urinary iodine (UIE), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid hormones (FT3 and FT4) as well as their intercorrelations in thyroids dysfunction among the operating room staff in Bojnurd, North Khorasan Province, Iran.
The current descriptive-analytical study was performed on 65 operating room staff in Bojnurd, in 2014. After obtaining the informed consent from all the participants, a demographic questionnaire was completed for each of them. Then, serum FT4, FT3, TSH, and anti-TPO (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies) as well as UIE levels were measured for each subject. Results of the clinical tests were analyzed with SPSS version 21 using chi-square test and logistic regression. P In the current study, 65 subjects were studied of which 49 (75.4%) were female and 16 (24.6%) male. The mean age of the participants was 32.08 ± 7.9 years. Level of TSH in 93.8% of the cases was within the normal range and 6.2% had above normal measures. FT4 and FT3 levels in 95.5% of the cases were normal and in 5.1% above normal limits. The mean UIE in 81.5.8% of the current study cases was normal.
Based on the results obtained in the current study, none of the subjects had iodine deficiency. Given that the current study findings cannot be generalized to the total population of North Khorasan Province, further studies to evaluate iodine status in larger sample sizes are recommended.

About 5% to 15% of the general population is affected by subclinical hypothyroidism. This disorder is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of mortality in patients on dialysis. Since the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism leads to recovery of cardiac muscle plasticity and dyslipidemia, screening is essential.
The present case-control study was performed during autumn of 2016 at Imam Ali Hospital (Bojnurd, North Khorasan Province, Iran) on patients on dialysis. Overall, 47 patients, including 21 subjects with normal serum TSH and Free T4 as the case group and 26 subjects with normal thyroid hormone as the control group, were selected and their Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), FT3, FT4, iPTH, triglycerides, cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and calcium were measured. Chi-square test was used to compare the two groups in terms of gender. Independent t-test was used to compare mean age, body mass index, and other factors. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between variables.
A significant correlation was observed between the mean BMI (22.3 ± 6.8 kg/m2), Triglyceride (TG) (246 ± 126 mg/dl), and Ca (8.5 ± 1.8 mg/dl), and also there were no significant differences in lipid parameters in the case group (P The findings of the current study showed obesity and triglyceridemia in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism deficiency compared to patients without this problem, also it was indicated that PTH has a correlation with dyslipidemia.

Pregnancy-related anxiety is a risk factor for poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate the Farsi version of the Anxiety Scale for Pregnancy (ASP) in a sample of Iranian women.
After translation and back-translation of the ASP, the content validity ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) of each item were calculated based on the opinions of a panel of 10 experts. Four hundred pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy completed the Farsi version of the ASP. For discriminant validity, we compared the ASP mean scores of women with low and high levels of childbirth fear. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to investigate construct validity of the scale.
No item had CVR and CVI scores less than 0.62 and 0.8, respectively. The results of the CFA for the ASP were unsatisfactory for the proposed 5-factor model (RMSEA = 0.087, SRMR = 0.092, chi-square/df = 4.03, CFI = 0.87, and GFI = 0.91). After removing item 9, satisfactory CFA results were obtained and the structural model fit was confirmed (RMSEA = 0.066 (CI [0.053, 0.078]), SRMR = 0.069, chi-square/df = 2.71, CFI = 0.93, GFI = 0.95). Cronbach αcoefficient for the 13-item ASP was 0.703. The scale showed moderate correlations with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ) scores (0.61, 0.59, and 0.57, respectively) and could differentiate well between women who preferred cesarean and those requesting vaginal delivery.
The present study confirmed the content validity and construct validity of the Farsi version of the 13-item ASP for women in the third trimester of pregnancy.

The strong correlation between vascular calcification and cardiovascular risk, which is a major cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients, has been well established. Fetuin-A is an inhibitor of vascular calcification, and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is produced at the site of inflammation, which is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main purpose of this study was evaluating the correlation between fetuin-A and PTX3with some biochemical parameters effective upon vascular calcification in HD patients.
We included 84 HD patients and 84 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) in this study. Blood samples were drawn from all subjects and the serum levels of creatinine, urea, albumin, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), parathyroid hormone, fetuin-A, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and PTX3were measured by biochemical methods.
We found that the serum levels of PTX3, C-reactive protein (CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, and P in the patient group were significantly higher than the control group but the serum levels of fetuin-A and albumin were significantly lower in the patient group. Also, fetuin-A had a significant correlation with high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) as well as duration of dialysis. In addition, it was shown that the correlation between PTX3 and PTH was significant only in the patient group.
In this study, increased PTX3 and decreased fetuin-A levels were observed in the HD patients. According to our results, these 2 parameters may potentially serve as suitable markers for inflammation and prediction of vascular complications in these patients.

Disruptive behaviors cause many problems in the workplace, especially in the emergency department (ED).This study was conducted to assess the physician’s and nurse’s perspective toward disruptive behaviors in the emergency department.
In this cross-sectional study a total of 45 physicians and 110 nurses working in the emergency department of five general hospitals in Bojnurd participated. Data were collected using a translated, changed, and validated questionnaire (25 item). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS ver.13 software.
Findings showed that physicians gave more importance to nurse-physician relationships in the ED when compared to nurses’ perspective (90% vs. 70%). In this study, 81% of physicians and 52% of nurses exhibited disruptive behaviors. According to the participants these behaviors could result in adverse outcomes, such as stress (97%), job dissatisfaction and can compromise patient safety (53%), quality of care (72%), and errors (70%).
Disruptive behaviors could have a negative effects on relationships and collaboration among medical staffs, and on patients’ quality of care as well. It is essential to provide some practical strategies for prevention of these behaviors.

Spiritual intelligence represents a different set of skills and abilities that each of them is displayed in different forms in social and historical contexts; and self-efficacy is one's belief in own abilities to solve problems and deal with problems. The purpose of this study was to determine if spiritual intelligence can predict self-efficacy.
This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2012. 129 individuals were selected via Stratified sampling method. Individuals were assessed by spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Self Efficacy Scale (SES). Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, t-student test and linear multiple regression (stepwise), by SPSS 20 software. The p-value was considered 0.05.
Results show that the correlation between spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy was statistically significant (r=0.612, p-value The conclusion of the study is that spiritual intelligence is prolific in predicting self-efficacy. So, you can promote student's spiritual intelligence skills, to increase their self-efficacy in academic, social and family affairs.

Women''s belief that health control to what extent is their own can serve as an internal motivation which causes preventive behavior of disease. This study was performed with aim to investigate the belief to the type of health locus of control and its relationship with women''s attitudes about breast cancer. This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 women with positive family history of breast cancer in Sabzevar at 2014. Data collection was performed by interview using Walston Health Locus of Control regional scale and researcher-made questionnaire. Belief in internal locus، belief to chance، and belief to other people were assessed. LISREL software (version 8. 8) was used for validity، and data analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 20)، and Correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression tests. In this study، highest score was related to belief to internal health locus of control (5. 15±0. 52)، and lowest score was related to belief to chance (3. 34±1. 18). Also، no statistically significant relationship was found between women''s attitude toward breast cancer and belief to internal health locus of control (P=0. 49)، belief to chance (P=-0. 88)، and belief to other people (P=0. 12). But، education (P=0. 005) and age (P=0. 028) had significant effect on attitude. Belief to internal health locus of control has not effect on the attitude of women with positive family history of breast cancer.

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of anterior and posterior corneal elevation parameters as determined by Orbscan II (Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) in discriminating between (sub) clinical keratoconus (KCN) and normal corneas. This prospective case‑control study included 28 eyes with subclinical KCN, 65 with clinical KCN and 141 normal corneas. Anterior and posterior corneal elevation was measured and compared in the central 5‑mm corneal zone using Orbscan II. Receiver operating curves (ROC) curve analyses for posterior corneal elevation showed predictive accuracy in both KCN and subclinical KCN with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 and 0.69, respectively while optimal cutoff points were 51 μm for KCN and 35 μm for subclinical KCN. These values were associated with sensitivity and specificity of 89.23% and 98.58%, respectively, for KCN; and 50.00% and 88.65% for subclinical KCN. ROC curve analyses for anterior corneal elevation showed predictive accuracy in both KCN and subclinical KCN with AUC of 0.97 and 0.69, respectively while optimal cutoff points were 19 μm for KCN and 16 μm for subclinical KCN. These values were associated with sensitivity and specificity of 93.85% and 97.16%, respectively, for KCN; and 60.71% and 87.94% for subclinical KCN. Anterior and posterior corneal elevation data obtained by Orbscan II can well discriminate between KCN and normal corneas, however the reliability of their indices is lower in differentiating subclinical KCN from normal cases.

Background and Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390. Methods and Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 252 male students of secondary schools and high schools of Sabzevar, Iran, with the age of 11-18 years who were selected by probability and multistage sampling. Data were collected through a Tanner standardized questionnaire; afterwards, measuring of height and weight and BMI calculation were performed. Data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Bonfronie post hoc test, analysis of covariance, Spearman correlation coefficient and Kappa agreement coefficient; significance level was considered as 0.05. To conduct this study, we selected a group of researchers who were trained for the initiation of project for assessing puberty in male schools in order to increase the accuracy of determining the Tanner stages. Students were examined for their height and weight, size of penis and testicles, and the manner of pubic and axillary hair growth as well as also voice changes. Mean final growth stage of testicles and scrotum (G5 stage), pubic hair (P5 stage), were measured to be 16.40 ± 1.65 and 16.79 ± 1.19 years respectively, and their mean BMI at P2 and G2 were 20.96±4.1 and 19.49±3.66 kg /m2 respectively. Regarding to the declining age of puberty and its relationship with BMI, health systems should focus on training programs and encouraging teenagers to begin changing their lifestyle. Age of puberty onset in male students is similar to many other countries but determining the precise status of puberty in Iranian children requires further studies in different provinces, rural and urban areas as well as longitudinal studies.

Researches have shown that body weight composed fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) is related with bone mineral density (BMD). This study was performed with the aim to determine the relationship between FM and LBM with BMD of femur neck in active and non-active postmenopausal women. This correlation descriptive study was performed on 12 active and 12 non-active postmenopausal women in 2011. FM and LBM and BMD of femur neck of the subjects were measured by DEXA. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Smironov-Kolmogrov test، Pearson correlation test، and multiple regression. P ≤ 0. 05 was considered significant. There was significant relationship between FM with BMD of femur neck in non-active postmenopausal women group (r = 0. 713، P = 0. 009). Also، there was significant relationship between FM and LBM with BMD of femur neck in active postmenopausal women (r=0. 624، P=0. 03 and r =0. 793، P=0. 002). In active postmenopausal women، LBM can be considered as strong predicting of BMD of femur neck، but FM is just as determinant factor of BMD of femur neck in non-active postmenopausal women.

People can direct their lives and activities into deeper، richer and more meaningful way using spiritual intelligence. Utilization of spiritual patterns in everyday life leads to an enhanced compatibility and evolution of well-being. The purpose of this study is to determine if spiritual intelligence can predict happiness. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in the year 1391. 129 individuals were selected via Stratified sampling method. Individuals were assessed by spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) whereas statistical data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient، t-student test and linear multiple regression (stepwise)، by SPSS 20 software. The p-value was considered 0. 05. Correlation coefficient between spiritual intelligence and happiness was r=0. 505 (p-value<0. 001)، which was statistically significant. In predicting happiness by spiritual intelligence and adjusting other variables effect such as gender، age، habitat، university grade point average by multiple regression test (stepwise)، the results determine that spiritual intelligence and gender can significantly predict happiness score. And also the two main components of spiritual intelligence that were able to predict happiness were critical existential thinking and personal meaning production. The conclusion of the study is that spiritual intelligence and gender are prolific in predicting happiness. And since spiritual intelligence is a set of capabilities، promoting these skills can help to enhance happiness.

The presence of a patient with breast cancer in the family can be considered as a guidance for further prevention and increase the susceptibility of people against this disease. Champion''s health belief model scale is translated and tested in different countries, but few attempts have been made to measure this scale in women with history of breast cancer. After the standard Champion''s Health Belief Model Scale was translated, 28 items were extracted with the help of panel of experts (n=13) and focus group (n=42) in four subscales. The eligible women were selected randomly (n=200) and took part in this study. The participants filled in the questionnaire through interviews. To test the construct validity of the data, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied using AMOS software, moreover, test of internal consistency and test of reliability were applied by retesting (n=30). The confirmatory factor analysis, which, was repeated after omitting these two items for the subscale of perceived barriers and shows the proper fit of its structural model. Cronbach ''alpha coefficients were 0.72 (susceptibility), 0.75 (seriousness), 0.82 (benefits) and 0.76 (barriers). Internal consistency ranged from 0. 64 to 0. 79 and test-retest reliability correlation were from 0. 67 to 0.92. The Persian version of the Champion''s Health Belief Model Scale can be a reliable and valid measure in Iranian women with family history of breast cancer.

Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world، now days. A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers'' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. The commonest musculoskeletal disorders were from the low back (49. 5%)، Resulted showed that between low back، knuckle pain and BMI (P=0. 008)، between pain and use of stair (p=0. 004) were significant relationship. between musculoskeletal disorders and use of devices in the homes were significant relationship.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Improving knowledge and practice level regarding breast cancer screening will reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. This study assessed female staff knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about breast cancer screening to determine educational preference. This descriptive- analytical study was conducted in Vaseie hospital of Sabzevar, among female staff who were twenty years old or older. A sample size of 82 from a population of 115 produced a 95% confidence interval. Data was collected with a questionnaire, and were analyzed by spearman’s correlation coefficient and one way ANOVA. The mean knowledge score was 42.68±19. A very positive attitude to BSE was seen in 77.5%, to physical exam in 83.8%, and to mammography in 63.8% of the people.62.2% of the people had already done BSE,11% had done physical exam and 2,4% had done mammography. There was no correlation between knowledge score and age (P=0.057), breastfeeding duration (P=0.910) and education (P=0.134). The attitude of single females was better than married ones. The people with positive family history had better practice (P=0.019). Female staff had average knowledge, positive attitude, and poor performance toward breast cancer screening especially about mammography. According to this study, there was no correlation between KAP score and breast cancer risk factors except positive family history.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common vaginitis among women. The purpose of this study was comparing the efficacy of honey and clotrimazol 100 mg on vaginitis candidiasis. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of clotrimazol and honey or both، they were used for 7 days in the treatment of vaginitis candidiasis.

This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 77 non-pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years with vaginitis candidiasis. Fifteen patients were in the honey group (Group 1)، 30 in the honey and clotrimazole group (Group 2)، and 32 in the clotrimazole group (Group 3). Participation in the study using vaginal clotrimazole and vaginal honey or both daily for 7 days. Baseline diagnosis consisted candidiasis culture together with clinical diagnosis and declaration of signs by the patients. Gynecological and microbiological tests confirmed the diagnosis، and patients were followed up for 7 and 21 days after the onset of treatment. Student t-test and chi-square statistical tests were used for data analysis.

Alleviations occurred in symptoms and signs of vaginitis after treatment with honey and clotrimazole. The success rate for the treatment of vaginitis candidiasis was 100% in groups 1 and 2; seven and 30 days after intervention، the success was well observed in comparison with group 3، and the difference was significant (p<0. 001). The medication was well tolerated.

Use of honey alone represents a novel and effective formulation for the treatment of vaginitis. Also، a combination of 100 mg of clotrimazole and 5ml of honey application was found to be effective in the treatment of the most common vaginitis.

Background and Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study, we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, eight groups of mice (25-30 gr) were injected pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (37 mg/kg; ip) every other day (3 times a week). Groups receiving ethanol (0.5 and 1 g/kg; 7 and 21 continuous days; everyday; ip), PTZ was injected 30 minutes after ethanol. In Valproic acid+ethanol, Valproic acid (100 mg/kg) was injected 5 minutes before ethanol (1 g/kg). Immediately after PTZ injection, seizure stages were recorded for 20 min. Seizure stage-4 duration (S4D), seizure stage-4 latency (S4L) and seizure stage 1 latency (S1L) were recorded from each mouse after PTZ injection, and data were compared with control groups. The basis of all decisions was a significant level of P<0.05. Data analysis was done in Statistica 5.5. Pretreatment of animals with ethanol (1 g/kg for 7 days) decreased cumulative (c) S4D (%31.8 PTZ+Saline); and with ethanol (1 g/kg for 21 days) decreased cS4D (%48.3 PTZ+Saline) (P<0.001), but increased cS4L (%112.6 PTZ+Saline) and cSL (%116.8 PTZ+Saline) significantly (P<0.001). Pretreatment of animals with VPA (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased cumulative (c) S4D (%39 PTZ+Saline) (P<0.001), and significantly increased cS4L (%216.8 PTZ+Saline) and cS1L (%149 PTZ+Saline) (P<0.001). Intraperitoneal injection of VPA+ethanol significantly decreased cS4D (%56.1 relative to PTZ+VPA and %46.1 relative to PTZ+Eth 1 (7)) (P<0.001); it also increased cS4L (%233.9 relative to PTZ+VPA and %450 relative to PTZ+Eth1 (7)) (P<0.001), but had no effect on cS1L as compared to VPA and ethanol (1 g/kg; 7 days). The results indicated that ethanol (1 g/kg) functions not only as an anticonvulsant but its simultaneous injection (7 continuous days) also enhances the anticonvulsant effects of valproic acid.

Background and Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C, B, and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore, we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran, Iran during 2005 to 2007. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted during 2005 to 2007 on the homeless population of Tehran, Iran. Two groups of patients were enrolled in this study: 103 HIV-positive and 75 hepatitis patients were examined (total 178), and relevant risk factors were investigated. The relevant details of the participants were obtained and recorded by a questionnaire, HIV and Hepatitis diagnosis using Eliza technique. Data were analyzed using Chi square and factor analysis in SPSS 13. 60.8% of the HIV positive cases and 43.88% of the hepatitis cases had no relations with their friends; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.027). Also, 94.2% of the AIDS cases and 85.1% of the hepatitis cases were deprived of their family support, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.o44). the prevalence of addiction to crack and heroin was 28% and 44.7% in hepatitis and AIDS sufferers respectively, where the difference was statistically significant (p=0.023). The results of factor analysis revealed five major factors: familial factors (relation with family, relation with friends, lifestyle), type of addiction (opium, crack, heroin), social factors (sex, incarceration history, family support), personal factors (age, marital status, living parents), cultural factors (education, psychological problems). The five factors related to HIV comprised 68.42% of the total variance, and those of hepatitis 56.69% of the total variance. The risk factors among the two groups are having no relations with friends, lack of family support and addiction to crack or heroin.

Technology advances in this century, especially, in molecular generics yields high volume, high dimensional data. This creates many unprecedented challenges for statisticians who are responsible for analysis of such data. Although logistic regression method is quite popular in association analysis in medical researches but it has some serious limitations in handling high dimensional data. In present study, our goal is introduce a modern model-free statistical method called random forest that we believe is able to overcome difficulties of the classical statistical methods in finding association between predictors and a trait. In this study, the nonparametric random forest technique was employed to determine the important factors associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) disease. Genetic materials including information on HLA-B27 status (positive/negative) and 12 polymorphisms of the ERAP-1 gene were collected on 401 patients and 316 healthy controls. The data were analyzed both with the logistic regression method and random forests technique and the results were compared. Based on a stepwise logistic regression, HLA-B27 and rs28096 polymorphism were significantly associated with the disease. However, using the random forests technique, we found that HLA-B27 and rs1065407 were the main factors associated with diseases and in fact rs28096 polymorphism becomes the third in importance ranking. The results from our study indicate some discrepancies between logistic regression and random forest analyses of high-dimensional data such as the genetic data that we are dealing here. Although logistic regression is quite popular, easy to employ, and is a predominant statistical method among researchers, but it has some serious limitations. On the other hand, more modern statistical such random forest enjoy a more methodological sophistication and yield more accurate and reliable results. Therefore, researchers should be aware of such alternatives and should use these alternatives accordingly and as situation arise in screening tests especially in genetic data analyses.

Background and Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying exposes the patient into nasocomial infections. Therefore، the present study was designed to investigate the rate of undue admission and staying of patients in hospitals of Sabzevar، Iran in 2009 based on the criteria of appropriateness evaluation protocol. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research involving the population of patients admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar، Iran. The sample included 385 patients who were sampled through multi-stage stratified sampling. Each of the three hospitals was selected for a 12-week period، three days per week، two patients form two wards; finally 428 patients were evaluated. Data were collected through tables of admission criteria and appropriate admission of the patients as well as the hospital records. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square and Fisher''s exact test. Mean staying in hospitals was 3. 23 days but 11. 4% of the admissions were inappropriate; orthopedic ward (29. 1%) had the highest and gynecological ward (zero) the lowest rate. Undue admission of men (13. 9%) was higher than that of women (9. 7%); the highest rate of undue admissions was associated with the age range of 41-60. Appropriate admission due to surgery or other invasive procedures (48. 8%) had the highest frequency. In the three hospitals evaluated، 0. 2% of the admissions were undue، and 99. 8% appropriate. The rate of undue admissions is higher than appropriate ones، and the rate undue admissions in the orthopedic ward were the highest and in the gynecological ward the lowest.

Background and

Induction is one of the most common interventions in midwifery which is conducted for many clinical purposes. One of the main challenges of the induction is the prediction of its success because its failure has a major role in increasing the rate of cesarean section. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of maternal age, parity, gestational age, birth weight and cervical status in predicting the success of induction. Methods and Materials: This cohort study involved the population of pregnant women admitted to Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran in 2006. A sample of 175 pregnant healthy women was selected by non-probability convenient sampling. For data collection, a checklist and a questionnaire were used for recording the personal details, midwifery history and labor details. For data analysis, they were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, mantel henzel and logistic regression tests (p<0.05).

Based on the findings, 41.1% of the inductions were lengthened, and 45.1% of its failure related to lack of labor progression. In total, 33.7% of the women underwent cesarean section due to unsuccessful induction. Controlling the variables such as dilation, effacement, descent, maternal age, gestational age, parity and neonatal weight, the logistic regression showed that the only significant effect was the effect of cervical dilation (OR=2.55), so that for every cm of dilation at the beginning of the induction, the chances of a successful induction was 2.55.

The results indicated that cervical dilation is the only factor in predicting the success of induction.

Background and

Musculoskeletal disorders among the most important occupational health issues nowadays. As the ministry of health is responsible for the community health and providing better services requires healthy workforce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 364 personnel of health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008, who were selected through convenient sampling. The disorders were investigated through Nordik Questionnaire including those in 9 body parts within the past week, past year, and falling behind work due to disorders. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 13 using independent t-test and correlation coefficient.

Mean ± SD and employment period of the participants were 31.81±6.88 and 9.36±7 respectively. The highest prevalence of the past year in all participants was related to their waist (57.8%), knee (44%) and (42.6%). However, in participants working for treatment centers, the figures were 61.6%, 46.9% and 48.6% respectively. In the paramedical employees, disorders of was 29.7% and in health center employees, wrist disorders were 28.4%.

The prevalence of disorders in university employees is high and the highest rates are related to waist and knee. Disorders of back, waist, and knee in the treatment center employees, and neck disorders in health center employees were higher.

Background and Thyroid autoimmune disease is the most common thyroid disorder in low-iodine intake areas; evaluation of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-Thyoglubolin (TGAb) and anti-microsomal (TMAb) in most patients with hypothyroidism is of significant importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with hypothyroidism in Sabzevar, Iran. Methods and Materials: This is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study where 382 subjects with TSH above normal and T3 and T4 below normal were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Their TSH, TPOAb, TGAb and TMSb were measured through Eliza method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, where P<0.05 was considered significant. TPOAb, TGAb and TMSb in men and women with TSH higher than 10 mIU/ml were 72.3%, 78.3% and 50% positive respectively. In 72.3% of the subjects, TPOAb was above normal; in 78.5% of them TMAb was higher, and in 50% of them TGAb was higher. The highest rate of correlation was observed between TGAb and TPOAb (r=0.89). The results indicated that, in the population studied, TPOAb, TMAb and TGAb were higher than the normal rates, and that TPOAb and TGAb are more remarkably changing to higher rates than TMAb.

Background and Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical effects of GIK in STEMI patients. This triple blind clinical trial was conducted from September 2008 to July 2009 on 72 STEMI patients in the CCU of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran. They were assigned through block randomization into standard care or additional GIK infusion (25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1.5 ml/kg/hour). They were assessed for the number of MACEs (death, reinfarction and serious arrhythmias), plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes (CK, CK-MB), and left ventricular ejection fraction. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 11.5 using Fisher’s exact test, t-test and repeated measurement. P<0.05 was considered as the basis of significance. MACE rate was 30.3% for GIK and 25.6% for control patients (p=0.66). There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes between GIK and control patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 39% for GIK and 41% for control patients (p=0.34). In patients with STEMI treated with streptokinase, GIK therapy offers no clinical and paraclinical effects.