asadollah rezaei

What is called “the goals of Islamic law” by the Sunni and “refinement of the basis of the ruling” (tanqīḥ manāṭ) by the Shi'a is neither the nature nor the reason of the ruling, but they are the goals and expedience-seeking wisdoms behind the scenes of introducing the rules, which help the jurists make correct and right decisions. The pioneering role of Sunni scholars in the field of goal-oriented Islamic jurisprudence has allowed them to create foliage from the sturdy tree of “expedience and corruption”, to depict a whole variety of the goals of the Islamic law and to draw from each of them scientific works and practical solutions. Taking an analytical approach and using applied theorization based on written sources, the research finds that the two jurisprudential branches namely Shi'a and Sunni find the origins of the goals of the Islamic law in the duality of expedience and corruption, and, when it comes to “minor goals”, they are in agreement both in theory and practice, that is, they settle minor problems about which no instructions can be found in the clear text by means of minor goals or refinement of the basis of the ruling, although Shi'ite jurists have not taken a serious stance regarding other goals, especially “general” and “particular” goals.

Mycoplasma hominis, which belongs to the Mycoplasmataceae family, is an opportunistic pathogen of the genitourinary system. Mycoplasma genitalium, causing urethritis-endometritis-cervicitis, plays a role in prostatitis This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of M. genitalium and M. hominis among women with vaginal infection in Zabol, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 69 endocervical samples were taken from women aged 18 to 60 years who suffered from vaginal infections. DNAs extracted from the samples were applied as a template for 16SrDNA coding gene amplification using specific primers in two separate PCR reactions.

The highest infection rate was in the age group of 25 to 35 years, with a prevalence of 75%. The highest rate of negative PCR results (54%) was in the age group of 25 to 35 years, followed by the age groups of 36 to 45 years (28%), 18 to 24 years (4%), and older than 45 years (3%). The lowest rate was in the age group younger than 18 years (2%). Considering their levels of education, the highest rate of infection was seen in the subjects with bachelor’s degrees. The rate of Mycoplasma genitalium infection was equal in the subjects who had and did not have a miscarriage (50%). Only 5.7% of the subjects with negative PCR samples had a miscarriage and the rest (94.3%) did not experience a miscarriage.

Overall, the present study showed that the rate of Mycoplasma vaginal infections was very low Also there is no significance deference for infection rate between pregnant women with or without miscarriage history. However, those with Mycoplasma-negative PCR samples had a low miscarriage rate.

Jurisprudential point of view about non-traditional divorce in Imamiyya and Hanafi’s jurists is one of the most serious and challenging issues in divorce. According to Imamiyya’s jurisprudential foundations such as following the absolutely clear text(Nas), practice (Sunnah) and consensus decrees that the four instances of divorce: divorce of woman in her monthly period, in her puerperal period, in her cleanliness in which sexual intercourse is done and sum divorce are prohibited, unlawful, non-traditional divorce and against the religious law; and emphasize on their nullity; while Hanafi’s jurists, under the same titles and the prophet companions’ behavior and comparison, insist on its permission and accuracy. But foundations of accuracy of non-traditional divorce, regarding with serious challenges, can’t only encounter foundations of nullity but there are evidences against it. Therefore the fundamental technique to solve the differences is to rely on traditional divorce on which is agreed and accepted by principles and rules of both jurisprudential approaches.