asgar alimohamadi

Pre-language skills play a significant part in the emotional-social competencies of children. Meanwhile, many children manifest deficiencies in gaining emotional-social competencies as a result of communication delay. The present research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included mothers with children under two years of age who referred to public kindergartens in the second and third districts of Tehran in 1400, of which 40 mothers were selected by purposeful sampling and taking into account the entry and exit criteria. The family-oriented intervention was conducted for 10 sessions. Age and social-emotional stages questionnaire (ASQ_SE) was used to collect data. The results of the research showed that the family-oriented pre-language intervention has a significant effect on the social-emotional skills of children under two years old with communication delay (p<0.05). Teaching family-centered pre-language intervention can help improve the emotional-social skills of children under two suffering from communication delay. Therefore, such interventions can be used as an effective type of treatment in clinical environments

The study aimed to compare social isolation and psychological well-being in students with specific and normal learning disabilities. The current research was descriptive and the causal-comparative type of research. The statistical population of the present study included all students with learning disabilities and normal students of Urmia City in the academic year of 2022-2023. A sample of 34 people (17 students with Specific learning disabilities and 17 normal students) were selected for each group using targeted sampling. The group of students with learning disabilities was diagnosed by the teacher and by a specialist in the psychology and education of children with special needs. Social Isolation Assessment Questionnaire of Asher et al., (1984) and Sterling's Children's Well-Being Questionnaire were used to collect data. Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the social isolation and mental well-being of students with specific learning disabilities and normal students (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that students with specific learning disabilities need to receive effective interventions to improve social isolation and well-being.

The present study was conducted investigating the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions - Second Edition (BRIEF-2) in students with externalizing behavior problems. The method was based on correlation research. The statistical population consisted of all male students with behavioral problems between the ages 7 and 12 in East Azarbayejan province who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. To select the sample, first, students with externalizing behavior problems were identified. Then their parents completed the parent form of Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions - Second Edition (BRIEF-2) and Coolidge's Neuropsychological Questionnaire (2002). The data was analyzed with 599 people. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the behavioral rating inventory of executive functions - second edition (BRIEF-2) has good reliability and validity. Therefore, this scale can be used to evaluate executive functions in students with externalizing behavior problems.

The present study aimed to compare addiction readiness components among adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal peers.

This research was a descriptive, causal-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all male high school students aged 13 to 18 years in the city of Tabriz in the academic year of 2022-2023. A sample of 97 people (49 students with ADHD and 50 normal students) were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected through the questionnaire for identifying people at risk of addiction. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance test.

The results showed that adolescents with ADHD scored higher on the total addiction readiness and its components, including depression and helplessness, positive attitude toward substance, anxiety and fear of others, and high sensation seeking, than normal adolescents.

It can be concluded that the presence of ADHD symptoms increases the addiction readiness context and level in adolescents and makes them vulnerable to addiction.

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship among sleep disorders, executive dysfunction, and sluggish cognitive tempo in adolescents utilizing a network approach. The study was performed based on descriptive-correlation method. The population of study contained all the adolescents (ages 12-18 years) in Tehran, Ardebil, Southern Azerbaijan and Western Azerbaijan provinces during 2021-2022 academic year. Data were collected from Two thousand six hundred and fifty-nine adolescents who were recruited through convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Adult Concentration Inventory (Becker et al. 2015), Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist (Klingman et al. 2017), and Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (Strait et al. 2019). The bootnet package in R software used for data analysis. Results showed Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) was positively and more closely related to Sleep Disorders (insomnia) than Executive Dysfunction. the results showed that the most robust relative bridge connections were Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and Plan Management (PM), edge weight = 0.33; Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and Insomnia edge weight = 0.26; in addition to the positive bridge connections, a negative robust connection was also recognized between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Emotional Regulation (ER), edge weight = - 0.07. In conclusion, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) was positively associated with sleep disorders and executive dysfunction. Future interventions may be developed that emphasize the bridge connections of sleep disorders, executive dysfunction, and sluggish cognitive tempo in adolescents

Although quarantine is necessary and unavoidable to maintain people's health against infectious diseases, it can cause psychological problems in people, especially parents of children with behavioral problems. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the resilience of parents with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in quarantine.

The present study was a qualitative phenomenological study. The research community included parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder referred to psychological clinics in Tehran, how had the experience of living in quarantine during the Coronavirus pandemic crisis in 2021. The number of 8 parents was selected using the purposeful sampling method until complete information saturation was reached. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis technique used for data analysis.

Data analysis from the interviews were extracted and classified into 4 main themes (psychological exhaustion, multiple conflicts, dysregulated mood, aggravated cognitive-behavioral problems) and 19 sub-themes.

This study showed that the experience of quarantine life during the Coronavirus disease pandemic can negatively affect the resiliency of parents with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, experts and psychologists are advised to take effective measures in this field.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the two-factor questionnaire of executive dysfunction among adolescents. The method of the research was descriptive and psychometric research. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the male students aged 12 to 18 years of East Azerbaijan province in the academic year of 1401-1401 in Iran. From this population, 1000 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling method, and their parents completed the two-factor questionnaire of adolescent executive dysfunction (TEXI) and also the behavior rating inventory of executive function, second edition. Finally, the questionnaire of 602 parents was analyzed. In order to check the reliability, the method of internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, and the correlation coefficient between the questions and the total score were used, and to measure the validity, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity were used. The results of the research showed that the two-factor questionnaire of executive dysfunction has good reliability and validity. Also, the criterion validity of the questionnaire was confirmed (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the present questionnaire is a suitable tool for evaluating executive dysfunction among adolescents.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.