asghar seif

Hamadan has been formed from interconnected neighborhoods dating back more than a hundred years ago. The center of neighborhood in Hamadan known as “Chaman”, provides convenient conditions for residents in severe cold winter, autumn, spring winds, and hot summer with intense sunlight. This space allows the residents to establish social interactions and access adjacent commercial, religious, cultural and health services. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the Chaman space and climate by climatic analysis of indigenous open spaces in Hamadan. After that, data analysis is done using SPSS software.The research method is a field survey using 4158 questionnaires that were evaluated in ten main neighborhoods of Hamadan in the middle of the seasons of one year at three turns in the morning, noon and evening. Regarding the correlation between temperature, thermal comfort and age, thermal comfort is higher at older ages. The feeling of satisfaction with humidity in the females is twice as much as that in the males. The chance of thermal comfort in the spring, assuming the values of other variables are constant, is 12.77 times the chance of thermal comfort in winter. The chance of thermal comfort in summer, assuming the values of other variables are constant, is 17.14 times higher than that in winter. Also, the chance of thermal comfort in winter, assuming the values of other variables are constant, is 7.63 times the chance of thermal comfort in autumn.

Two surface sections of the Sarvak Formation in the Lurestan zone (Zagros fold-thrust belt) were examined to inspect the naturally occurring fractures. The inspected are located sections in the Surgah anticline and the Kuh-e-Charmi anticline; in the Ilam and the Kermanshah provinces respectively. The Sarvak Formation was carefully examined to record the fracture types, their spatial distribution, spacing and cross-cutting relationships. Detailed examinations were undertaken on 420 fractures, 40 core plugs porosity and P-wave velocity and 205 thin sections. Three genetic types of fractures including tectonic, pressure-solution and dissolution related fractures were identified. The tectonic related fractures include two main sets (namely with NW-SE and NE-SW trends). In addition, distinguished two types of stylolites include the bed-perpendicular and the tectonic stylolites (bed-parallel); that postdate the fractures (veins). The Sarvak Formation underwent various diagenetic processes in couple with fracturing. The pore types include microporosity, intergranular porosity, mold porosity and fracture-stylolite. Petrophysical measurements (performed on some core plugs prepared from surface block samples), show that the carbonates of the Sarvak Formation have low porosity (74% of the samples have less than 3%) and high compressional wave velocity (Vp), (96% of the samples have 6000 m/s), Therefore, it could be concluded that the Sarvak Formation is a tight interval in a reservoir aspect.

The current study evaluates ordinal logistic regression (OLR) for assessing collapse sensitivity classes of loess soils. Collapse sensitivity (Is) is the critical parameter to predict pseudokarst sinkholes occurrence in Golestan Province in northeastern Iran. A database containing 62 records of soil's physical and mechanical properties is used in this study. By performing oedometer tests, the parameters of collapse coefficient, the time required for 90% settlement (T90%), and collapse sensitivity were determined. To gather this goal, a database was prepared based on experimental datasets, consisting of ten inputs (grain size analysis, porosity, initial water content, precipitation, climate, liquid limit, calcium carbonate, vegetation, and degree of soil saturation) and one output (collapse sensitivity classes). This task is complex due to the difficulty of preparing and carrying out such experiments in a laboratory. Using OLR, the probability of soils being placed in classes with severe, moderately severe, moderately, and slight sensitivity was estimated. This study showed that the OLR method could correctly distinguish more than 70% of different categories. Experimental data obtained from Semnan, Sarakhs, and Mashhad areas, has shown the accuracy of the proposed OLR model.

In this article with title "Economic-statistical design of Bayesian control chart based on the predictive distribution for individual observations with an exponential qualitative characteristic distribution" the economic-statistical design of the Bayesian control chart based on the predictive distribution for individual observations of the exponential qualitative characteristic distribution is presented. In doing this, two types of the conjugate prior distribution and Jeffrey’s distribution are considered, and based on the distribution of observations in phase I, the predictive distribution is determined. Then, using the economic model of Lorenzen and Vance, an economic-statistical design was obtained for the data. Optimal design parameters (sampling distance, sample size, and control limits) were determined using a genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis was performed for different values of model parameters. The results of this approach have been compared with the results of the classical model. The results show that this method is more effective than the classical method

The technique of control charts to monitor process behavior is one of the basic tools of statistical process control. Process changes can be divided into two main categories: common (random) cause, which is a fundamental feature of any process, and cause (definable) deviation, the occurrence of which is an unusual disorder that must be eliminated in order for the process to reverse. The main purpose of using management control charts is to separate these two different sources.Control charts are widely used in the analysis and control of production processes to produce satisfactory, sufficient, reliable and economical quality. Optimizing chart parameters is an important issue for quality engineers to improve processes. In this paper, the economic statistical design of the X ̅ control chart under the Pareto shock model based on the double objective design is presented. Actually by applying restrictions on the first type of error, the cost as the economic objective and the second type of error as the statistical objective is considered and then the optimal solutions are selected based on the Pareto front. Finally, through a practical example, the advantages of the proposed approach are shown by preparing a list of optimal solutions and graphical representations.

Considering the increasing importance of professional ethics in nurses, it seems necessary to know its related factors such as communication skills; Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between communication skills and professional ethics of nurses in Farshchian Heart Hospital in Hamadan, Iran in 2021.

In this correlational descriptive study, 170 nurses working in Farshchian Heart Hospital in Hamedan were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tool was three questionnaires: demographic information, Barton J.E. communication skills (1990), and Kaduzier's professional ethics (2002). The data were collected by the self-report method. Data were analyzed using Descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and regression statistical tests) in SPSS version 16.

Most participants were married women with a bachelor's degree and mean age of 35.57±6.55. The mean scores were as follows: communication skills 59.86±7.84, verbal 21.37±3.21, listening 16.94±3.89, feedback 21.54±3.08, and professional ethics 64.03±8.27. Pearson's correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between communication skills and professional ethics (P=0.02), feedback skills and professional ethics (P<0.005), and justice and fairness subscale and general communication skills (P=0.02). Using the multiple linear regression model, the variable of professional ethics could be predicted by verbal skills (0.95) and feedback skills (1.99) (P<0.0005 R2 adjusted r=0.97)

The present study showed a statistically significant positive relationship between communication skills and professional ethics. Considering the relationship between communication skills and professional ethics, it is suggested to pay attention to the empowerment of nurses in this area.

A proper method of monitoring a stochastic system is to use the control charts of statisticalprocess control in which a drift in characteristics of output may be due to one or several assignable causes. In the establishment of X charts in statistical process control, an assumption is made that there is no correlation within the samples. However, in practice, there are many cases where the correlation does exist within the samples. It would be more appropriate to assume that each sample is a realization of a multivariatenormal random vector. Using three dierent loss functions in the concept of quality control charts with economic and economic statistical design leads to better decisions in the industry. Although some research works have considered the economic design of control charts under single assignable cause and correlated data, the economic statistical design of X control chart for multiple assignable causes and correlated data under Weibull shock model with three dierent loss functions have not been presented yet. Based on theoptimization of the average cost per unit of time and taking into account the dierent combination valuesof Weibull distribution parameters, optimal design values of sample size, sampling interval and control limitcoecient were derived and calculated. Then the cost models under non-uniform and uniform samplingscheme were compared. The results revealed that the model under multiple assignable causes with correlatedsamples with non-uniform sampling integrated with three dierent loss functions has a lower cost than themodel with uniform sampling.

 Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is most common reason to re-admission in hospital. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of risk factors such as hypertension, age and type of delivery in mothers on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia based on logistic regression model.

In this descriptive study, the 300 motherchr('39')s documents which refer to hospital for hospitalization their babies were studied. The questionnaire regarding maternal and their neonates were completed and all data were evaluated statistically by logistic method.The results of this study showed that the affection chance in neonates with motherchr('39')s 21-30, 31-35 years old and 36 years old and up compare to neonates with their mothers under 20 years old (reference sheet) were about 2.95, 2.15 and 1.92 manifold respectively. The affection chance for  hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with their mothers which have hypertension was 4 manifold compared to neonates with normal mothers. The affection chance for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with their pre term  mothers (less than 38 weeks) was 1.76 manifold mothers with complete term( more than 38 weeks). The affection chance for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with their mothers which delivered naturally 1.56 manifold compared to mothers which labored her babies by cesarean section. There is to calculate probability of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with using of predictive alternatives of motherchr('39')s age in delivery time, pregnancy hypertension, pregnancy age and type of delivery with logistic regression presentation

This study explained that the motherchr('39')s age in delivery time, pregnancy hypertension, age of gestation and type of labor have effects on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The fitting of logistic regression model on studying data and optimization operations  showed that the motherchr('39')s age under 20 years, without hypertension, term gestation and cesarean delivery have reduce hyperbilirubinemia probability to 26% in neonates.

In today's world, Businesses need to gain trust among their audience. Social marketing as the latest marketing philosophy, It has such a capacity. And it can reflect on the interests of business and customers along with the interests of the community. The main purpose of the present study, Provide a social based marketing model.

To achieve this goal, in the qualitative phase, while reviewing the subject literature and interviewing marketing and municipal experts, with the Grounded Theory approach, effective criteria were identified using MAXQDA software. In the next step, the identified criteria were identified using the interpretive structural modeling approach in new dimensions of classification and levels of components and their relationships.

The results of the first question led to the identification of nine main factors including: Responsibility, Strategicism, Marketing Infrastructure, Tendency to Social Marketing Capabilities, Understanding Environmental Dynamics, Citizens Understanding, National Characteristics, Social Marketing Mix and Developing Citizen Beliefs and Attitudes. The results of interpretive structural modeling showed the influence of responsibility, marketing infrastructure and strategy as independent variables on the tendency to social marketing capabilities.

Finally, based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that by utilizing social marketing strategies and influencing the attitude and mentality of citizens, it can be possible to develop citizens' beliefs and attitudes. Therefore, the increasing attention of senior executives of organizations is essential to the vital role of social marketing.

Avicenna (Abu Ali al-Hossein ibn Abdullah ibn Sina) who had a special attention toward diseases treatments, gathered results of ages of herbal medicine experiments on humans and animals in his book “Al-Qānūn fī Ṭibb” or "The Canon of Medicine", which is a reliable book in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this research was to build a reliable list of plants effective against liver and spleen diseases, based on Avicenna's book (volume 2). By studying the monographs, introduced agents that have been effective in liver and spleen diseases were identified. Upon their origin and effectiveness in diseases of the liver, spleen or both, treatments were organized. From a huge number of drugs, 163 plants from 73 families were found to be effective in treatment of liver and spleen illnesses. In addition, 30 non-herbal agents effective in treatment of liver diseases were detected. The Lamiaceae family have the most effective herbs for treatment of diseases of the liver, spleen or both. Hemp Agrimony, Irsā, and Fūdhanj achieved the highest scores. The effects of different plants on liver and spleen diseases were indicated in Avicenna's book. Due to the report on the above book, further studies needed specially on the effect of Irsā (Iris ensata) and family Lamiaceae on liver and spleen diseases.

A proper method of monitoring a stochastic system is to utilize the control charts of statistical process control in which a drift in characteristics of output may be due to one or several assignable causes. In the establishment of $bar{X}$  charts, an assumption is made that there is no correlation within the samples. However, in practice, there are many industrial cases in which the correlation does exist within the samples. It would be more appropriate to assume that each sample is a realization of a multivariate normal random vector. Although some research works have been done on the economic design of control charts with single assignable cause with correlated data, the economic statistical design of $bar{X}$  control chart for correlated data under Weibull shock model with modified Taguchi loss function have not been presented yet. Using modified Taguchi loss function in the concept of quality control charts with economic and economic statistical design leads to better decisions in the industry. Based on the optimization of the average cost per unit of time and different combination values of Weibull distribution parameters, optimal design values of sample size, sampling interval and control limit coefficient were derived and calculated. Then the cost models under non-uniform and uniform sampling scheme were compared. The results revealed that the model under multiple assignable causes with correlated samples with non-uniform sampling has a lower cost than that with uniform sampling.

Iron deficiency is often observed in obese individuals. The prevalence of obesity has increased at an epidemic rate. A few small studies have noted a possible association between iron deficiency and obesity. The purpose of the study has been determined relationship between anthropometric including body mass index and the size of abdomen and iron-shortage anemia.
Descriptive, analytical, and cross sectional methods of research have been applied in the study. The instruments used to collect the data were a set of organized items in the questionnaire and a checklist contained the measurement of abdominal obesity, height, weight, BMI, the results of ferritin levels, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and TIBC and MCV. The tools were validated via content validity and test-retest. The participants were the staff (n=300) of Hamadan branch, Islamic Azad university, Iran, who were selected via census sampling technique. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, that is, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA were run using SPSS software.
48.4% had overweight and 43.9% had various degrees of general obesity. 45.7% of women and 1.9% of men suffered from abdominal obesity. 3.2% of men had ferritin levels less than 20ng/dl and 79.2% of them had high levels of TIBC, while 31.5% of women had ferritin serum less than 12ng per dl and 73.9% of them had high TIBC. There was a significant relationship between abdominal obesity and TIBC, HB, HCT, and ferritin serum (p The results of this study indicate the high prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity and their relationship with iron deficiency anemia. These are non-communicable disease, which are directly related to the lifestyle.

Cardiovascular disease is resulted from malfunctioning’s of heart as well as blood vessels. More than two decades ago it was noted that the number of white blood cells can be an indicated of the existence of such disease. Platelet activation and aggregation are among the include processes. That are considered in pathophysiology of a coronary heart disease. However there seems to be a paucity of research on platelet count in patients suffering from obesity. Moreover although previous studies have indicated a positive correlation between platelet and white blood cells. Counts and mortality from coronary heath disease, how this might correlate with obesity is an issue still in need of more attention.
The present study was designed to evaluate platelet count and white blood cell count in those patients who suffer from obesity as compared with control subjects who were not obese.
In this cross-sectional study, there were a total of 1024 Iranian subjects living in Hamedan include, staff of Islamic Azad University of Hamedan and subjects who referred to Ekbatan hospital in Hamedan during the period of 6 months randomly and staff of Islamic Azad University of Hamedan. The absence of infectious disease was confirmed by a general practitioner. Finally, the samples included 486 subjects, 254 male, and 232were females. Body mass index was calculated. Waist circumference in the Iranian subjects, at least in men 89 (cm) and women 91 (cm) was considered. White blood cell and platelet count was measured. T-test and Pearson’s correlation were run to analyze the collected data through SPSS software version 16.
The average age of the subjects was 34.75 ± 8.1 years. The body mass indexes in 7.6 percent of men and 15.7 of women were greater than 30 (kg/m2). The averages of waist circumference in men and women was 1.04 ± 0.5 and 89.3 ± 10.2 (cm), respectively. Also there seemed to be a significant correlation between waist circumstance and the number of platelets in both male and female subjects (P Our results showed a relationship between central and general adiposity and WBC count as an inflammation factor, and higher count of platelets count in subjects.

Auditing with high quality improves the credibility of accounting information provided by companies and gives opportunity to the users, particularly investors, for analyzing financial situation and financial function of such companies with high reliability. For this reason, the quality of auditing is of great importance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of audit firms as well as audit partners and audit quality. The population of the study consists of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the hypothesis, we used relevant information about 141 companies during the period of 2007-2013. The information was examined using multiple regressions analysis and Eviews software. Results show that there is a significant positive relationship between specialism of audit firm as well as partner's experience and audit quality. Also there is a significant negative relationship between audit firm size and audit quality. Finally, there is no significant relationship between audit firm reputation and audit quality.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Over the last few years, the relationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and depression has been the focus of increasing attention.
In this study, the serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH in patients with major depressive disorder have been compared to the healthy adults in Hamedan, northwestern Iran.
Patients and In this case-control study, serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were measured in 32 patients with major depression, diagnosed according to the beck depression inventory (BDI), who were referred to the Hamedan psychiatric hospital and were age- and sex-matched normal adults. Sampling was conducted through convenience sampling in a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. A logistic regression model was used for depression occurrence probability prediction.
Serum T4 and TSH levels were significantly higher in depressive patients than in the control group (P = 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference in T3 serum levels between the two groups (P = 0.08). The serum TSH level was significantly higher in depressive patients compared to non-depressive patients (P = 0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, a one unit increase in serum T4 or TSH levels may enhance non-clinical depression probability by 1.3 or 1.7 times and clinical depression probability by 1.2 or 2.9 times, respectively.
Serum T4 and TSH levels in depressive patients were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group, indicating the association between serum T4 and TSH levels and depression in the subjects in 2010 - 2011 in Hamedan, northwestern Iran.

Due to the unique absorption and antibacterial properties of nanoparticles, their use in water and wastewater treatment to remove bacteria is spreading. This research aimed to study the effect of silver nanoparticles in the removal of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from industrial sewage. after preliminary studies, field studies including sampling of industrial wastewater was conducted. First, Fecal Coliform, total coliform and Enterococcus faecalis of industrial Sewage were measured by standard methods of microbiology, then the effect of concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, and 3. 9 PPM of isolated nanoparticles serial dilution method on Enterococcus faecalis and standard (PTCC 1339) was determined. Next, and the turbidity of tube (OD), which represents growth of bacteria, was read at 600 nm with a spectrophotometer. After that, all tubes were cultured on solid medium and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22. fecal and total coliform contamination of industrial Sewage from slaughter and textile plant were approved and Enterococcus faecalis was isolated. The growth of isolates and standard bacteria was not controlled by any of these concentrations. None of the concentrations was able to remove the bacteria but the increase of concentration led to higher effect of nanoparticles, and in accordance with the type of bacteria, it was different, but the difference was not statistically significant. Although silver nanoparticles, according to the concentration, affect the Streptococcus faecalis, they cannot completely remove bacteria. Therefore, the economic factors and other involved factors need to be considered in the application of nanoparticles.

Worldwide non communicable diseases are increasingly recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder that results from the increasing prevalence of obesity.The disorder is defined in various ways. This study determine the comparison of indicators of metabolic syndrome in Iranian smokers population. A total of 1,024 Iranian subjects aged 30 to 70 participated in this cross sectional study. Standard questionnaire was completing regarding smoking habits, medications, past medical history, physical activity, blood pressure, fasting blood suger, total cholestrol HDL and triglycerides. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the IDF criteria. As defined by the modified IDF criteria, (45.9%) had the MS at baseline assessment. The risk of incidence of the metabolic syndrome among smokers was significantly (p<0.008) greater than nonsmokers. Among men without the MS at entry, body weight gain, compared with never smokers, was significantly (p<0.007) higher in smokers who had quit smoking. It is important for the prevention of the MS not only to quit smoking but also to prevent weight gain after smoking cessation. Although many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be treated or prevented many people die from CVDs. Reducing the rate of cigarette smoking, body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose all have a benefit impact on major biological cardiovascular risk factors. Behaviors such as stopping smoking, taking regular physical activity and eating a healthy diet promote health and have no known harmful effects.

The present paper aims at examining the effect of philosophical mentality on solving math problems in third grade male and female students of Hamedan junior high schools. The research adopts a causal-comparative methodology. 8229 students from junior high schools in Hamedan، in 2011-2012، formed the population of the study. From among these، 367 students were selected through classified sampling with proper allocation. The instruments for data collection included two questionnaires for the evaluation of philosophical mentality and the ability to solve math problems. The Cronbach''s Alpha Reliability scores obtained for the said questionnaires were 0. 864% and 0. 730% respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20، in two sections of descriptive statistics (frequency، percentage، mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman Correlation Coefficient، two-way ANOVA – between subjects design، Bonferonni Test and Multivariate Regression). The findings of the research confirmed that philosophical mentality does affect students’ ability of solving math problems and showed this effect to be of great magnitude. The results also indicated that greater philosophical mentality leads to greater ability of solving math problems. However، there was no significant relationship between gender and the ability to solve math problems. The contrastive effect of philosophical mentality and gender on the ability to solve math problems did not prove significant either. Moreover، penetration، compared to comprehensiveness and flexibility، had a significantly more impact on the ability to solve math problems.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder and its relation with some hormone has been the focus of attention in the recent studies. In this study, the serum levels of Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of the patients with major depressive have been compared with the healthy control adults. In this case –control study, 32 patients who were diagnosed to be depressed through (beck depression test) referred to Hamedan hospital and 32 healthy participants homogenized of gender and age to depression group were chosen. The level of triiodothyronine, thyroxin and thyroid stimulatiy hormone were measured in 2 groups. Data were analyzed using X2, independent t-test, ANOVA and regression logistic tests. The mean serum levels of T4 and TSH were significantly higher in depressed patients than control group (P=0.01), whereas there was no significant difference in the mean serum level of T3 between two groups (P>0.05). Comparing the clinically depressed group (the mark higher than 21 in beck test) to non-clinically depressed group (the mark bellow 21 in Beck test) TSH level significantly increased (P=0.001). According to logistic regression, one unit increase in serum levels of T4 and TSH will increase the probability of the occurrence of depression by 1.3 and 1.7 times, and clinical depression by 1.2 and 2.09 times respectively. The mean levels of serum T4 and TSH in major depression are higher than the control group. The measurement of two hormones might be useful in prediction of the occurrence of depression.

Metabolic syndrome (M.S.) is a common health problem in the world. Consisting of multiple interrelated risk factors, M.S. increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by 1.5-3 times, and raises the risk for type 2 diabetes as much as 3-5 times. It affects over 26percent of adults. Patients with M.S are known to be at high risk for heart diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and find out about the relationship of this syndrome with coronary heart disease in patients who referred to the Heart Center of Hamedan University in 1387 (H.SH). A cross sectional study has been carried out on 1064 patients. We examined all the C.H.D patients (a total of 514) as well as 550 patients without CHD disease. The patients referred to the Heart Center over a period of three months. The patients with three or more of the following symptoms (IDF criteria) were considered to have Metabolic Syndrome: abdominal obesity (waist >102 cm for men; >88 cm for women),increased triglycerides (>150 mg/dl); low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl in men; <50 mg/dl in women), elevated blood pressure >=130/>=85 mmHg, and a raised fasting glucose (>=110 mg/dl). We have found significant differences between M.S. and I.H.D. The prevalence of M.S. was rated at 32.5 in patients and 21.3 in the others.. Men comprised 53.7% and women 46.3% of the patients with M.S., 13.6% of who were smokers. The findings of this study indicate that the rate of Hypertriglyceridemia was equal to or over 150 mg/dl in 39.1% of the subjects. The prevalence of M.S. in the sample of I.H.D patients was very high. Also, the correlation between M.S and other risk factors was very significant. As a matter of fact, it can be concluded that those patients with M.S. are at the high risk of being affected by cardiovascular disorders.