asma salari moghaddam

Limited data are available on the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) withmetabolic syndrome (MetS),its components. The present study was conducted to investigate theassociation of DII with MetS,its components among Iranian adults.

A total of 404 subjects,aged 18 years or older,were included in the current cross-sectionalstudy. We used a validated,reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietaryintakes. Fasting blood sample was obtained to quantify glycemic indicators,lipid profile. MetS wasdefined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelIII (ATP III).

Mean age of study participants was 38.20±9.55 years. No significant association wasfound between DII,odds of MetS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92,95% CI: 0.48-1.76). In terms of MetScomponents,a significant positive association was seen between DII scores,reduced levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 2.29,95% CI: 1.32-3.97),such that after controlling forenergy intake,demographic variables,BMI,participants in the highest category of DII had 2.71times greater odds for having reduced levels of HDL-C (OR: 2.71,95% CIs: 1.34,5.47). There was noother significant association between other components of MetS,DII scores either before or afteradjusting for confounding variables.

We observed no significant association between DII,odds of MetS. However,higherscore of DII was associated with lower levels of HDL.

Although the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and general/central obesity has extensively been examined, limited data are available in this regard among children. The aim of this study was to examine the association between household SES and obesity among children.

This cross-sectional study was done in Farrokhshahr, Iran, among primary school children aged 6-12 years in 2009. SES was examined using participants’ and their parents’ oral responses to a pretested questionnaire. In the current study, participants were classified based on tertiles of SES score to low, medium, and high SES categories. General as well as central obesity was defined based on age- and sex-specific national cut-off points.

Comparing individuals in the highest versus lowest tertile of SES, there was no significant difference in mean waist circumference (WC), but those in the middle tertile of SES had greater means of body mass index (BMI) than those in the lowest tertile after controlling for potential confounders (16.19 ± 0.27 vs. 15.27 ± 0.27 kg/m2, P = 0.002). We observed a greater chance of general obesity for those in the highest tertile of SES compared with those in the lowest tertile [odds ratio (OR): 4.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53-10.59, Ptrend = 0.004]. No significant association was seen between SES and central obesity, either before or after controlling for potential confounders.

We found that children in the highest SES class had a greater chance of general obesity than those in the lowest SES class. There was no significant association between SES and central obesity.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and has become a major threat for global health. Recent studies reported that the soy has beneficial effects in diabetic mellitus patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of soybean flour fortified bread consumption on metabolic profile in type 2 diabetic women. This randomized, cross‑over, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 30 type 2 diabetic women. At first, a 2‑week run‑in period was applied. Then, participants were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group were asked to replace 120 g of soybean flour fortified bread with the same amount of their usual bread intake or other cereal products for 6 weeks. After a 4 weeks washout period, participants were crossed over for another 6 weeks. Mean (±standard deviation) age and body mass index of subjects was 45.7 ± 3.8 years and 29.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2, respectively. The results of our study showed no significant effects of soybean flour fortified bread on metabolic profile. We found a reduction in serum triglycerides (change difference: –3.7, P = 0.82), serum low‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol (change difference: –11.2, P = 0.50), insulin (change difference: –3.6, P = 0.7), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (change differences: –0.57, P = 0.45) after 6 weeks but these changes were not statistically significant. No significant effects of soybean flour fortified bread on serum concentrations of fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, high‑density lipoproteins and total cholesterol levels were found. Six weeks consumption of soybean flour fortified bread among diabetic patients had no significant effects on metabolic profile.