ayoub ghanbary sartang

Mental workload reflects the level of attention resources required to meet both objective and subjective performance criteria, which may be affected by task demand, external support and past experience. Mental workload and occupational fatigue have been commonly cited as a major cause of workplace accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between workload and occupational fatigue in the administrative staffs of a communications service company in Tehran. In this study, 94 employees of the administrative service (69 female and 25 male) were provided with a demographic characteristics questionnaire including age, body mass index (BMI), level of education and work experience. Then the Swedish occupational fatigue inventory questionnaire was used to determine the job fatigue. The NASA-TLX mental workload questionnaire used for assessing mental workload. Finally, Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 20, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and ANOVA test. Results showed that NASA-TLX mental workload in female (59.14) is more than from male (54.56). Also result showed Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) in female (30.12) is more than from Male (28.12). Also, the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant correlation between NASA-TLX and SOFI (r = 0.76, P<0.0001) as the mental workload increase, occupational fatigue increased. In other words, as the mental workload increase, occupational fatigue increased. The result of a recent study showed the significance correlation between the mental workload and occupational fatigue in the administrative staff that with mental workload increase, occupational fatigue increased.

Job back pain is one of the most common occupational diseases and injuries in the world that affects people's physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the BCF using the UTAH method in manual handling tasks among workers of a chemical manufacturing company. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 35 people who had manual handling tasks and worked in a chemical factory in April and May 2018. The participants were selected using the simple random sampling method. In this study, UTAH method and standard Cornell questionnaire were used to collect the data. Finally, we run descriptive statistics and ANOVA test to analyze the data using the SPSS19. The average amount of BCF calculated using the UTAH method showed that the load pressure on back for the jobs of repair unit (400 kg), discharge and loading unit (460 kg), and warehouse unit (370 kg) exceeded the standard. Moreover, the results of the Cornell questionnaire indicated that 68 percent (N = 24) of individuals in the mentioned occupations were suffering from lower back pain. The findings of this study showed that the UTAH method is useful for estimating the BCF in manual handling tasks. We also found that 68 percent of the participants had occupational back pain. So, interventions should be conducted and measures should be taken to reduce these disorders

Shift work has been recognized as an important tool for organizing of work in developing countries. The disturbed depression, stress accident are the most common health‐related effects of shift work. The military personnel shift worker during work, are exposed to stress and psychological pressure that certainly affect the efficiency of their work. The aim of this study was to Investigation Effect of shift work on job burnout and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale in military personnel. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 military personnel male in Southern Iran. Respondents were divided into two groups based on their working schedule (50 shift work personnel / 50 day work personnel). Data collection tools were a Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), demographic characteristics and Maslach job burnout questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used as sampling method. Finally, Data analysis was performed with SPSS (version 20), descriptive statistics, One Way Anova test, ANCOVA and t-independent test. The results of showed that shift work has an impact on burnout and DASS-21 and mean obtained score for DASS-21 and job burnout in shift workers are more day work individuals. Analysis of variance test showed significant difference between job burnout in day workers and shift workers and job burnout were more in shift workers. Also significant difference between DASS-21 in day workers and shift workers and DASS-21 was more in shift workers. This study showed that shift work has an impact on burnout and scale DASS-21 shall is taken to Intervention actions in shift works.

Musculoskeletal disorders are a class of occupational injuries that have high prevalence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its correlation with mental workload and occupational fatigue among office workers in a communications service provider company in Tehran, Iran. This study was conducted on 94 employees of a communication services provider company. Job content questionnaire (JCQ) was used to assess the physical and psychological needs of the jobs. The nordic questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various organs and risk assessment of workplace stations was performed by the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) method. The mental workload of participants was assessed through NASA's workload index (NASA-TLX) and occupational fatigue was assessed by the swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests. According to the results, the most pain and discomforts were observed in the neck (65.94 %) and knees (60.63 %). The results also showed that 71% of the subjects were at the warning and need for ergonomic interventions risk level. The relationship between the mental workload and its subscales with musculoskeletal disorders was significant (P-Value=0.05, r=0.96). Also, the relationship between occupational fatigue and its subscales with musculoskeletal disorders was significant in all cases (P-Value<0.001). Considering that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is influenced by mental workload and occupational fatigue, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the mental workload and occupational fatigue

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common work-related illnesses, which lead to high costs and a reduction in labor productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MSDs with mental workload (MWL) and occupational fatigue among the office staff of a communication service in Tehran, Iran, in 2017.
This descriptive study was conducted on 94 staff of a communication service company in June 2017. The data collection tools included Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire and Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI). Data analysis conducted using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA test in SPSS software.
73% of the participants were women with mean age of 28.25 ± 3.40 years and the remaining participants were men with mean age of 26.91 ± 4.60 years. According to the results of the Nordic questionnaire, the highest pain was observed in the neck (65.94%) during the last year. According to the results of the ROSA, 71% of the participants were at the warning risk level and the need for ergonomic interventions. In addition, the relationship between occupational fatigue and its subscales with MSDs was significant in all cases (P The results of the present study showed that high workload and occupational fatigue cause MSDs, and intervention is necessary in these individuals.

Heat stress in many industries, including steel, a serious threat to the health and safety of workers is considered. The aim of this study was to Assessment of occupational exposure to heat stress based on the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index in the steel industry workers.
This study Descriptive - analytic and cross- sectional was conducted in 11 workstation a steel industry that somehow had occupational exposure to heat in 2014. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index devices to measure heat stress were used. Finally, after collecting the data, statistical analysis used SPSS20 software and test statistics descriptive.
The results showed that the highest exposure to heat stress in rolled operator (31.5° C) and minimal exposure to heat stress was in the operator main room (18.52 ° C). In units Poker furnace operator, lift operator, operator ruffing, wrench operator, operator rolling work, Scissors operator and lathe operator exposure was standard excessive.
The findings of this study showed, employment in industries such as steel due to its exothermic process, a threat to the health of these Kinds of workers and the heat conservation planning intervention action shall conduct be taken to reduce exposure.

Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders¡ general health of individuals and body mass index are among the most important indicators of health evaluation of individuals in different organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders and general health in military personnel.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 75 military personnel in June 2016¡ which were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using a standard Cornell questionnaire¡ weight and height were used to measure BMI and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. For data analysis¡ SPSS 20 and descriptive statistics¡ independent T test and one-way ANOVA were used.
The most musculoskeletal disorders were in the waist (52%)¡ back (44%) and shoulder (40%)¡ respectively. The general health status of the subjects was moderate (4.8) 39.3. There was a significant relationship between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.01) and general health (p=0.01)¡ which increased with increasing body mass¡ musculoskeletal disorders¡ and general health.
Body mass index affects musculoskeletal disorders and general health.

Workload can be defined as the operator's required capacity to meet a special level of performance while performing a task. The workload threatens the health of people as well as influences the quality and quantity of service. We aimed to evaluate the validation of Rating Scale Mental Effort (RMSE) to assess nurse's mental workload.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on75 nurses. The data was collected by NASA-TLX index and Rating Scale Mental Effort, and analyzed in SPSS 20, using descriptive statistics, Independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Findings: The results showed that nurse's workload was high. There was a notable correlation between RMSE and The NASA Task Load Index (r=0.72).
The results of this study showed that RMSE is an appropriate method for assessing mental workload among nurses.

 The purpose of this study was to evaluate ergonomic assessment MSDs risk in computer users with Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and Nordic questionnaire. 

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 computer users in computer sites, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed using test SPSS 20 and descriptive statistics and ANOVA test. Data collection tool was Nordic questionnaire and checklist RULA. 

 By Nordic questionnaire, the results showed that MSDs prevalence in computer users were, in the neck (54.9%), back (53.1%), and elbow (43.2%) more than in other parts of the body. Based on the level of risk, RULA was 24 individuals in an area of low risk, 41 individuals area of caution, and 31 individuals in the area hazard. MSDs prevalence was in women more than men. Furthermore, ANOVA test showed that there is direct and significant correlation between age and work experience with a final score RULA (P < 0.001). 

 This study result showed that frequency of musculoskeletal problems in the neck, back, elbow, and wrist was generally high among our subjects, and ergonomic interventions such as computer workstation redesign, users educate about ergonomic principles computer with work, reduced working hours in computers with work must be carried out.

Comfort lighting is one of the most important topics, which provides optimum Physical conditions in general environment and workplaces such as hospitals. The aim of this study was Assessment of Interior general Lighting in Hospitals based on standards of North America Illumination Engineering Society.
This Descriptive – analytical study was conducted in April 2015. Illumination of different parts of Imam Reza hospital in Ivan city was measured according to standards of North America Illumination Engineering Society. Lighting intensities were measured using a lux meter (TES-1332A Light Meter) in the early hours of day (10 Am). Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
The results of this study showed that 53.33 percent of general lighting intensities at different parts of hospital are unsuitable. The average of interior lighting intensities in the hospital was 140 ± 31.26 lx, which is lower than recommended standard. Maximum Lighting intensities recorded in the of corridor men ward and minimum Lighting intensities recorded in examination room. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference among the lighting intensities of different parts of the hospital (P=0.001).
The results of this study showed that general lighting intensities in the studied hospital is unsuitable and corrective action such as lighting systems redesign and modification of lightening systems for increasing general Lighting intensities is necessary.

Biorhythm is one of the newest subjects in the field of cognition of mental ergonomics which can be very effective in reduction of work-related accidents or mistakes with no apparent reason. With evaluating Biorhythm individuals can intervention action to reduce job accidents carried out. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship Biorhythm and work-related accidents in the metal industry. This research is a cross-sectional and analytical-descriptive in the metal industrial Isfahan city of 120 work-related accidents during 2015. The required information was collected from available documents in HSE unit of the company biorhythm charts were drawn based on a date of accidents and participants birthdays, using natural Biorhythm Software V3.02 Conduct. Finally¡ the data were analyzed using spss version 20 and descriptive statistics.This study showed that the frequency of accidents in critical days and negative section of physical cycle was more than expected. Also the frequency of accidents in critical days and negative section of emotional and intellectual cycles was less than expected. Most type of injury, including cuts to 35.8 percent and the lowest type of injury was torsion with 5 percent. Most limb injury, hands and fingers with 51.7 percent and the lowest limb injury were back at 2.5 percent. Accidents outbreak in physical cycles was 38.3 percent. These 120 accidents in additionally were causing 120 loss of working days in effect accident. Most percent of loss of working days were for 20 to 30 days with of 39.2 percent. Most percent of loss of working days were for 20 to 30 days with of 39.2 percent. Due to the physical nature of the work activities in the metal industry can be stated that the study showed that in physical work activities, frequency of accidents in critical days and negative section of physical cycle in which the person is not physically ready to do the job was more than expected. Therefore, by training and increasing the knowledge of workers regarding biological cycle and its effects on mental, emotional and physical status, each person effects can make some changes to their work plans during days that they do not feel well, physically or mentally, in order to prevent the likely accidents.

Nursing is an occupation that deals with the stress of the workplace and due to busy working hours are at risk of burnout and this agent can affect lifestyle. The purpose of this study was relationship investigation burnout job with Health Promotion Lifestyle in nurse's occupation in Ilam province hospitals in 2015.
This study is descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional, which carried out on 80 nurses in Ilam province. Data collection tool was job stress questionnaire burnout job by Meslash and Health Promotion Lifestyle questionnaire (HPLQ). Validity and reliability of this questionnaire was approved in previous studies. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 20), Pearson correlation test, scatter plot, t-independent and tukey test.
The results showed between burnout job and health promotion lifestyle components including stress management (r=-0.71, p-value=0.01), interpersonal relationship (r=-0.58, p-value=0.03), self-actualization (r=-0.63, p-value=0.03), health responsibility (r=-0.71, p-value=0.01), nutrition (r=-0.36, p-value=0.04), exercise and body (r=-0.29, p-value=0.05) and total score health promotion lifestyle (r=-0.67, p-value=0.02) was a reverse correlation. Tukey test results showed a non-significant difference in the average final score of health promoting lifestyles with age difference groups. Also, Tukey test results showed in people with age above 35 years of age there is a direct significant relationship between age with burnout.
ž The results indicate that burnout job is effective on lifestyle health promotion and mental and physical health and it is necessary in presented protective strategy and stress control management for increased levels of health promotion lifestyle and prevention or alleviate longitudinal negative consequences of burnout job.

Heat strain is one of the main and the most common problems in the workplaces. Extreme heat exposure can cause different clinical symptoms, including headache and cardiac ischemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the physiological strain index based on heart rate in In Vitro for heat strain assessment in workplace.
This cross-sectional design was conducted on 15 males who selected via simple random sampling in Autumn 2014 in five different temperature conditions (21,24,27,30 and 35ºc) in the climate chamber and on the treadmill in light (2.4 kph) and medium (4.8 kph) physical activity. Heart rate for physiological strain index, oral temperature, Borg scale of perceived exertion and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI) questionnaire were measured.
Findings: Pearson correlation coefficient test showed significant correlation between physiological strain index based on heart rate with oral temperature (r=0.71, p The results revealed that physiological strain index based on heart rate is a suitable method for evaluating strain heat caused by thermal stress.

Heat stress is a common problem in industrial workplaces. Thermal stress is a caused reduces concentration of and fatigue increases individuals and thermal condition can be one of accident risk factors .The purpose of this study was validation of Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate in experimental condition.
This Semi experimental study was conducted to 16 male in five different temperature conditions (21, 24,27,30,35ºC) in the climate chamber and on the treadmill with two levels of activity 2.4 kph (light physical activity) and 4.8 kph (medium physical activity).Heart rate was measured to for calculating Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate, rate perceived exertion and questionnaire Heat Strain Score index was measured. The correlations between the indices were evaluated using Pearson correlation test and regression analysis.
Pearson correlation test showed a significant correlation between Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate and rate perceived exertion (p≤0.001,r=0.96).also a high correlation was observed between Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate and wet bulb globe temperature (p≤0.001,r=0.90). A very high correlation was observed between Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate and Heat Strain Score Index (p≤0.001, r=0.93).
The results of this study showed Physiological Strain Index Based on Heart Rate a suitable method for strain heart evaluation is caused by thermal stress because there was an acceptable correlation with heat stress valid indices.

 The purpose of the present study was to investigating relationship between perceptual strain index (PeSI) with indices heat strain score (HSSI), wet bulb globe temperature (WGBT) in experimental hot condition. 

 This study in five different temperature conditions (21°C, 24°C, 27°C, 30°C, and 35°C) was carried out on 15 male students in the climate chamber and on the treadmill with three levels of the activity. The thermal sensation and perceived exertion was recorded for calculating PeSI, and HSSI questionnaire was completed. 

 Pearson correlation test showed a high correlation (r = 0.84) between the PeSI and HSSI (P = 0.001). Also, Pearson correlation test showed between PeSI with WBGT and air temperature, respectively, a good correlation (r = 0.76) and high correlation (r = 0.81) (P = 0.001). 

 The findings of the study showed that the PeSI can be used for evaluating heat strain in the absence of access to other methods of evaluating heat stress since it has an acceptable correlation with valid indices of heat stress. Also, easy application and quick and cost is much less than other evaluating heat strain indices.

Along with widespread use of computers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have become the most prevalent ergonomic problems in computer users. With evaluating musculoskeletal disorders among Computer Users can intervent a action to reduce musculoskeletal disorders carried out. The aim of the present study was to Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Computer Users in Isfahan University with Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method and Nordic questionnaire. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 computer users in Isfahan university. The data were analyzed using correlation and line regression by test spss 20. and descriptive statistics and Anova test. Data collection tool was Nordic questionnaire and Rapid Office Strain Assessment method checklist. The results of Nordic questionnaire showed that prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in computer users were in the shoulder (62.1%), neck (54.9%) and back (53.1%) respectively more than in other parts of the body. Based on the level of risk of ROSA were 19 individuals in an area of low risk, 50 individual area of notification and 27 individual in the area hazard and need for ergonomics interventions. Musculoskeletal disorders prevalence were in women more than men. Also Anova test showed that there is a direct and significant correlation between age and work experience with a final score ROSA (p<0.001). The study result showed that the prevalence of MSDs among computer users of Isfahan universities is pretty high and must ergonomic interventions such as computer workstation redesign, users educate about ergonomic principles computer with work, reduced working hours in computers with work, and elbows should be kept close to the body with the angle between 90 and 120 degrees to reduce musculoskeletal disorders carried out.

The incidence of heat stress is one of the most common problems in workplaces and industries.Many heat stress indices have been developed, and these indices have some disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to validate the perceptual strain index (PeSI) inexperimental hot conditions. This study is of cross-sectional carried out on 15 men at five different thermal conditions (35°C, 30°C, 27°C, 24°C, and 21°C) in a climate chamber and on a treadmill at three levels of light (2.4 kph), medium (4.8 kph) and heavy activity (6.3 kph). Heart rate and oral temperature were respectively measured to calculate the physiological strain index. Also, thermal sensation andrate perceive exertion were respectively measured to calculate the PeSI. Finally, the correlation between the indices was analyzed using Pearson correlation test and regression analysis. Pearson correlation test showed a high correlation (r = 0.94) between the PeSI and physiological strain index (P = 0/001). It was also observed a high correlation between the PeSI and the oral temperature (r = 0.78, P = 0/001) and the heart rate (r = 0.90, P = 0/001). In addition, there was found a moderate correlation (r = 0.71) between the PeSI and the wet bulbglob temperature (P = 0/001). However, there was no correlation between the PeSI and the body mass index (r = 0.0009, P = 0.79). The research findings showed when there is no access to other forms of methods to evaluate the heat stress, it can be used the PeSI in evaluating the strain because of its favorable correlation with the thermal strain.