فهرست مطالب azam monfared

In this study, the synthesis of a magnetic multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite hydrogel (MMWCNT/Hydrogel) are investigated.(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate monomers were grafted onto the sodium alginate backbone via initiation by ammonium persulfate (APS), and at the same time, the crosslinking were occurred by using N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA). Factors affecting the water swelling during the hydrogel synthesis, including monomer concentration, MBA concentration and APS concentration were systematically optimized. Swelling capacity was measured at various temperatures, pH values and salt concentrations, and the dependence of swelling properties of the hydrogel nanocomposite on these factors was well demonstrated. The synthesized samples were fully characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy analysis (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).

The first purpose of this study is to investigate different methods of making viscous cellulose (in non-aqueous solvent) and strengthening tissue by cross-linking synthesis. The second goal is coupling with PVC. To coat viscovellulose on polyvinylchloride (PVC) surface in this study, instead of water, organic solvents as ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol were used to synthesize viscous cellulose. In the first method, gelatinization of cellulose was performed in ethylene glycol solvent and cellulose tissue was reinforced with ester ‎crosslink by additives such as phthalic ‎anhydride and polyvinyl alcohol. In the second method, cellulose was aminolyzed in ethylenediamine and an amide cross-link was formed by using terephthalic acid. In the third ‎method, cellulose ‎acetate tissue was reinforced with polyvinyl acetate and borax. Finally; it was rubberized with acetone solvent. In the final step, the viscose cellulose samples of each method were coated with a layer of PVC paste. To ‎compare the quality of coupling methods, the tensile test and moisture absorption test were used. Based on the obtained results, the first (ester crosslink) and second method (amide crosslink) had better tensile strength (with tensile device) and moisture absorption (with volatile meter) was more than the others. The tensile strength of the first method and its moisture absorption was more than other methods. Also, intrinsic viscosity [η] of viscocellulose: PVC paste (1:1ratio) showed that the third method ‎‎(cellulose acetate and polyvinyl acetate paste) has the highest homogeneity and adhesion ‎with PVC paste.  The advantage of these methods is that for the synthesis of viscous ‎cellulose, ethylene glycol solvent is used instead of water solvent and for activation energy, ‎a microwave beam is used instead of heater heat. The importance of microwave beams for this ‎research method is proved by the DSC method. ‎

Nowadays, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarn are replaced by cotton yarn because they are cheaper than cotton yarn. However, some cellulose properties such as high Glass transition temperature (TG) and moisture absorption are among important features of cellulose that plastic yarn lacks. Molding and blending are usual techniques but decline mechanical properties. Therefore, in this research, the surface of artificial polymer was grafted with viscose and coated with cellulose. For PET coating in the first method, the surface of polymer was hydrolyzed by dipping in the H2SO4 85% solution, and then the product was grafted with cellulose by dipping in the viscose cellulose solution. In this method viscose cellulose was prepared with Ethylene diamine, and Cu (OH) 2.  In the second method, PET was first placed in a solution of H2SO4 85%, then was placed in a viscose cellulose solution that had been prepared by NaOH 50% and CS2. In the third method, the surface of polymer was hydrolyzed by NaOH solution and coated surface of polyester with paste of cellulose that included Ethylene glycol and urea. (FT-IR) were used to study properties of PET-graft-Cellulose fibers. The result of FT-IR exhibits coupling between PET and cellulose was accomplished and the first method is a better adhesive.

Rice is the predominant staple food for the people in the tropical and semitropical area. Carbohydrate is the main component of rice which accumulate in endosperm cell. Postharvest treatment and storing duration as an aging is a complicated process, which involves changes in physical and chemical properties of the rice grain especially aromatic rice variety. Rice aroma resulted in volatile components from the food which was sensed by the smell under different conditions. In this study, the effect of milling process and storage duration on the stability of aroma indices of Tarom variety was investigated.

Tarom variety was dried and then dehusked by hand. The weight of brown rice was measured manually and polished in multistage polisher. The brown rice and white rice samples were divided in two parts as namely; new and stored brown rice (BSN , BSO) also new and stored white rice (WSN, WSO). The volatile components of BSN, WSN, BSO & WSO samples were absorbed by solid phase micro extraction method. The absorbed volatiles component was measured by gas chromatography (GC). Analysis of variance as a two-factor experiment in completely randomized design was performed. The two factors are expressed as milling type and storage, with two levels and three replicate. The amount of aromatic components of samples were analyzed by using SPSS software and also compared.

The results have shown that the percentage of recognized components of all stored rice samples were significant (p < 0.01) increased but the aromatic components percentage of new white rice samples (WSN) were increased in compare of stored white rice samples (WSO). The results of the present study on the effect of storage duration on the aromatic components exhibited that by removing of bran layer in whitening process result in reduction of aromatic components. The recognized components in samples are as follows; 24 component for BSO (about 92.3% of total), 26 component for WSN (about 65.3% of total), and 24 component for WSO (about 98.4% of total). Storing and whitening could increase the amount of Alkenes in rice volatile component. The higher rate of 2-Methyl-octadecadienol as an alcohol might be due to using of insecticide in paddy fields which was reduced after whitening process. The percentage of Aldehyds & Ketons has no meaningful difference in brown rice stored samples but it was decreased about 30% in white stored rice samples.

From the results of this work, aging the aromatic variety not only increases the cost of keeping but also could reduce the aromatic component as a rice quality index.

Cancer disease is a great concern in the worldwide public health and current treatments do not give satisfactory results, so, developing novel therapeutic agents to combat cancer is highly demanded. Nowadays, anticancer peptides (ACPs) are becoming promising anticancer drug candidates. This is due to several advantages inherited in peptide molecules, such as being usually with small size, high activity, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, diversity of sequence, and more modification sites for functionalization. To get benefit of these merits, in this work, we synthesized a new series of triazole- based analogues with peptide scaffold by employing click chemistry and evaluated their anticancer activities against breast, colon cancer cell lines as well as fibroblast cells using MTT assay. Our results suggest that peptide scaffolds containing 1H-1, 2, 3-triazole ring group are toxic against colon and breast cancer cells viability, and this effect was more pronounced on MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF-7 breast cells. As a conclusion, these designed peptide analogues may be good and safe candidates as future anticancer agents.

Boron is very important micronutrient for plants and animals, which menas essential for growth of them in very small quantities. This is the element of special attention as its deficiency and excess are harmful for many plants and the gap between both these level is very narrow. In humans, small amount of boron occur in all tissues but an excess of boron may lead to damage of nervous system. Therefore, boron concentration in drinking water and wastewater is regulated in many countries. The recommended boron content in drinking water according to world health organization (WHO) guideline is 0.5 and according to this limit, the removal of boron from aqueous solution and water is of great environmental and health public health concern. Recently different methods to separate boron from water have been developed. Among them the more effective methods are adsorption processes, membrane processes and hybrid processes. In this manuscript, we presenting knowledge on boron, its properties, sources, effects on environment, plants, animals and new methods for its removal.

In this research, we have synthesized polystyrene sulfonic acid as a new heterogeneous solid acid. Then, we have synthesized 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones via condensation of 2-aminobenzamide and different aldehydes in the presence of polystyrene sulfonic acid. The major advantages of the present method are good yields, ecofriendly and easy work-up.

The composition of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. belongs to the family Lamiaceae, It is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north Iran. In this research, essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L., extracted and measured at the different location by different methods of distillation and then were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Investigation and comparision on essential oil constituents of herbs were collected from three localities (Chalus, Galoogah and Gadook). The essential oil yieldat the different location from Chalus by water distillation (Clavanger) were (0.06%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were (0.28%), and by steam distillation were (0.04%), the essential oil yield at the different location from Galoogah by water distillation (Clavanger) were (0.06%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were (0.05%), and by steam distillation were (0.09%), the essential oil yield at the different location from Gadook by water distillation (Clavanger) were (0.2%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were (0.16%), and by steam distillation were (0.08%), respectively. Major component identificated in sample from Chalus by water distillation (Clavanger) were α- cadinene (15.4%), Z- β-farnesene 9.6%),1-eicosene (8.2%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were 1-eicosene (12.8%), α- cadinene (6.3%), benzyl salicylate (5.9%), and by steam distillation were cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (10.9%), (E,Z)-farnesol (10.3%), benzyl salicylate (8.3%). Major component identificated in sample from Galoogah by water distillation (Clavanger) were E- α-farnesene (22.9%), α- calacorene (20.2%), α- murrolene (8.0%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were α- cadinene (30%), E-β- caryophyllene (23.5%), E- α farnesene (7.2%), and by steam distillation were E- α-farnesene (18.4%), 1-eicosene (15.2%), benzyl salicylate 10%).Major component identificated in sample from Gadook by water distillation (Clavanger) were α- murrolene (12%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (11.3%), methyl decanoate (8.9%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were α- murrolene (8.7%), n- heptadecane (7.9%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (7.2%), and by steam distillation were α- murrolene (14.4%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (11.3%), E- α-farnesene (9.6%), respectively.

The composition of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. belongs to the family Lamiaceae, It is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north Iran. In this research, essential oils of T. chamaedrys, extracted and measured at the different location by different methods of distillation and then were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Investigation and comparison on essential oil constituents of herbs were collected from three localities (Chalus, Galoogah and Gadook). The essential oil yield at the different location from Chalus by water distillation (Clevenger) were (0.06%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were (0.28%), and by steam distillation were (0.04%), the essential oil yield at the different location from Galoogah by water distillation (Clevenger) were (0.06%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were (0.05%), and by steam distillation were (0.09%), the essential oil yield at the different location from Gadook by water distillation (Clevenger) were (0.2%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were (0.16%), and by steam distillation were (0.08%), respectively. Major component identificated in sample from Chalus by water distillation (Clevenger) were α- cadinene (15.4%), Z- β-farnesene 9.6%),1-eicosene (8.2%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were 1-eicosene (12.8%), α- cadinene 6.3%), benzyl salicylate (5.9%), and by steam distillation were cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (10.9%), (E,Z) farnesol (10.3%), benzyl salicylate (8.3%). Major component identificated in sample from Galoogah by water distillation (Clevenger) were E- α-farnesene (22.9%), α- calacorene (20.2%), α- murrolene (8.0%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were α- cadinene (30%), E-β- caryophyllene (23.5%), E- α-farnesene 7.2%), and by steam distillation were E- α-farnesene (18.4%), 1-eicosene (15.2%), benzyl salicylate 10%).Major component identificated in sample from Gadook by water distillation (Clevenger) were α- murrolene 12%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (11.3%), methyl decanoate (8.9%), and by water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were α- murrolene (8.7%), n- heptadecane (7.9%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (7.2%), and by steam distillation were α- murrolene (14.4%), cis-3-hexenyl benzoate (11.3%), E- α-farnesene (9.6%), respectively.

Medicinal plante Borazambol with the scientific name of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north Iran. It is for a long time that indigenous people by different methods in traditional medicine use its products in preventing and curing diseases. In this research, essential oils of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel, extracted and measured at the time of flowering stage and vegetative stage by different methods of distillation and then were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oil yield at vegetative stage with hydro-distillation was 2.2 , water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) 5.7% and steam distillation 2.5%, respectively. Major component identificated by water distillation (Clavanger) were α- terpineol (32%), n-octanol (22.5%), myrcene 7.2%), and by water and water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were α- terpineol (30.3%), n-octanol (20.1%), myrcene (7.2%), and by steam distillation were α- terpineol (26.2%), n-octanol (17.4%), n-pentadecane 8.2%). The essential oil yield at flowering stage with hydro-distillation was 1.9%, water & steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) 1.5% and steam distillation 1%, respectively. Major component identificated by water distillation (Clavanger) were n-octanol (23.3%); α- terpineol (21.9%) and (Z)-β- ocimene (15.5%), and by water and steam distillation (Kyzer & Long) were α- terpineol (19.9%), n-octanol (19.9%), (Z)-β- ocimene (13.6%), and by steam distillation were n-octanol (16.6%), α- terpineol (15.3%), and (Z)-β- ocimene (13.5%).