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Today, the use of mobile phones has become an integral part of human life. With the increase of mobile phone subscribers, the number of BTS antennas in cities and villages has increased day by day, and as a result, the exposure to microwave waves from these antennas has become a concern. The study of the horizontal pattern of microwave radiation from BTS antennas with respect to the type of antennas and surrounding buildings is examined in the city of Maragheh in East Azerbaijan Province. The required information was determined through the city telecommunications organization and field monitoring. Then the measurements were performed with SPECTRAN 4060 according to IEEE STD C95.1 standard method. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Mann-Whitney test. In this study, the type of operator has an effect on the results and according to the type of operator, different results were obtained on the effect of the type of buildings around the antennas and the type of installation on the amount of wave propagation. Antenna installation in a crowded area due to more microwave radiation need more attention. All measurements were much lower than the ICNIRP allowable limits.

The activated sludge process is the most widely used on a global scale for the biological treatment of both domestic and industrial effluents. One problem associated with the process, however, is the high volume of sludge produced. Excess sludge treatment and disposal account for up to 60% of the total operating costs of urban wastewater treatment plants due to the stringent environmental regulations on excess sludge disposal. These strict requirements have encouraged a growing interest over the last few years in reducing sludge volumes produced at biological treatment plants and a number of physical, chemical, and mechanical methods have been accordingly developed for this purpose. The proposed methods are disadvantaged due to their rather high investment and operation costs. An alternative technology that avoids many of these limitations is the worm reactor. In this study, the characteristics of this technology are investigated while the related literature is reviewed to derive the optimal conditions for the operation of this process in different situations.

Clinical education and evaluation is fundamental to nursing education. This study investigated the effect of competency-based and traditional teaching methods on clinical and cognitive learning of nursing students. This quasi-experimental study was done on 28 nursing students taking ICU courses in the academic hospital of Taleghani affiliated with Urmia Medical University in 2010 and 2011.Subject were selected by using census sampling and then using simple randomization method and assigned to experiment and control groups. Both groups took pre and post tests for cognitive skills through answering a questionnaire and the post test for clinical skills was done through a check list. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests and SPSS 16. The results showed the mean and standard deviation scores in clinical skills obtained from the experiment group students (competency-based education) and control (traditional training)were 162±10/72and117±25/01,which were significantly greater in the experimental group (p< 0/05). Also the independent t-test on pretest scores on cognitive skills showed there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0/05). But post-test scores on cognitive skills in the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The results showed that the application of competency-based teaching method over traditional methods provides the opportunity to improve the learning of clinical and cognitive skills in nursing students. It is suggested that this method be used in teaching nursing students for training and evaluation

Energy Building Management System (EBMS) creates ideal situation due to energy efficiency of the buildings with consideration of the latest technologies. Although limitation of energy sources is one of the critical problems in human life، urbanization in unsuitable locations is other factor for energy wasting in the buildings. Consequently، consideration of a Seri of changes in heating and cooling systems of the buildings could be prevented of energy wasting in different parts of the buildings. Design of intelligence energy management system and application of renewable energies such as solar and wind could be minimized energy consumption. In this paper، samples of design and installation of intelligence management system in the country were surveyed and with comparison of these studies، some suggestions were presented.