bagher minaee
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VARD formula consisting of Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) petal, and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Papilionaceae) and Nardostachys jatamansi DC. (Valerianaceae), has been proposed for gastric ulcer in Iranian traditional medicine. We investigated the antiulcer activity of each plant separately and in combination. The biochemical and molecular function of extracts was also evaluated. Each plant hydroalcoholic extract was standardized via determination of total phenolic and flavonoid, also phenolic compounds determination and specially glycyrrhizic acid in G. glabra by using HPLC. Rats received orally extracts of the plants (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) and VARD (45 mg/kg) 1 h before ethanol administration. Two hours after receiving ethanol, animals were sacrificed; the stomach was removed for macroscopic and microscopic assessment. Also heme-oxygenase-1, glutathione, and catalase were measured in the gastric tissue of the rats pretreated by VARD and dose of 20 mg/kg of extracts. Among three extracts, R. damascena and G. glabra contained more total phenolic and flavonoid content respectively. Gallic acid was prominent compound in R. damascena. The extracts of R. damascena, G. glabra, and N. jatamansi significantly decreased ulcer index. ED50 values were 8.2, 31.86 and 25.08 mg/kg respectively. VARD significantly decreased ulcer index compared to 20 mg/kg of G. glabra (pKeywords: Antioxidant, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Heme-oxygenase-1, Inflammation, Nardostachys jatamansi, Peptic ulcer, Rosa damascena
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Objective(s)Although many researchers have confirmed induction of germ cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), there are no reports that confirm spontaneous differentiation of germ cells from BMMSCs. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of adult Sertoli cell condition medium (SCCM) as a mutative factor in the induction of germ cells from BMMSCs.Materials And MethodsBMMSCs were collected from the bone marrow of 6-8-week old NMRI mice and their mesenchymal entities were proven using superficial markers (expression of CD44 and CD73 and non-expresion of CD45 and CD11b) by fow cytometry. Their multi-potential entities were proved with differentiation to osteogenic and adipogenic cells for 21 days. Also isolated Sertoli cells were enriched using lectin coated plates and Sertoli cell condition medium (SCCM) was collected. Sertoli cells were identified by immunocytochemistry and Vimentin marker. The cells were then differentiated into germ cells with SCCM for 2 weeks. Finally induced cells were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.ResultsDifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast and adipocyte showed their multi-potential property. Expression of CD44 and CD73 and non-expression of CD45 and CD11b confirmed mesenchyme cells. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR results showed expression of germ cells specific marker (Mvh).ConclusionThis study confirmed the effect of SCCM as a motivational factor that can used for differentiation of germ cells from BMMSCs.Keywords: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Differentiation, Germ cells, Sertoli cell condition medium
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Cydonia oblonga Mill is commonly known as quince. It seems to have been used since the ancient time. Quince is a popular fruit because of its health promoting properties. It is an undeniable fact that there is a positive relationship between a diet rich in plant foods and a diminish incidence of cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. The aim of this study was demonstrating pharmacologic properties of quince (pulp and peel), view of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) and modern phytotherapy. For this purpose, Pubmed, Elseveir, Scopus, SID and Google scholar were searched for the key terms Cydonia oblonga and Quince up to 20st June 2015, and also Iranian traditional medicine manuscripts and herbal medicine books were studied. All experimental and animal studies that included the evidences of fruit (pulp and peel) written in this article were selected for review. Quince has various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and anticolitis properties and effects on blood pressure and blood rheology, and also has several traditional medicine uses. In Iranian traditional medicine, quince pulp is effective on the most important and vital organs like brain, heart and liver. This fruit is a valuable source of compounds with health-promoting properties and can be used as good sources of antioxidants in our diet and may have use in the prevention and treatment of heart, brain and gastrointestinal diseases.Keywords: Cydonia oblonga, Phytotherapy, Quince, Traditional medicine, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry
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زمینه و هدف
شیرخواران حساس ترین و آسیب پذیرترین گروه اجتماع را تشکیل می دهند. لذا حفظ سلامت جسمی و روانی آنان نیازمند توجه ویژه ای است. برخی از مطالعات نشان داده است که ماساژ درمانی والدین، به عنوان راهی برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی شیرخوار دارای اهمیت می باشد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه مقایسه تاثیر ماساژ با روغن آفتاب گردان و روغن کنجد بر مدت گریه و مدت خواب شیرخواران بوده است.
روش بررسیمطالعه حاضر یک کارآزمایی بالینی سه سوکور است که در مورد 120 شیرخوار 15-10روزه، ترم، تک قلو، تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر و عدم سابقه بستری شیرخوار به علت بیماری انجام گرفته است. شیرخواران به سه گروه 40 نفره جهت دریافت ماساژ با روغن کنجد، با روغن آفتاب گردان و ماساژ بدون استفاده از روغن تقسیم شدند. ماساژ توسط مادر 2 نوبت (صبح و عصر) در روز، هر نوبت به مدت 15 دقیقه و به مدت 28 روز انجام می گرفت. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات فرم ثبت خاطرات روزانه والدین از گریه و خواب شیرخوار بود که در ابتدا، انتهای هفته های اول، دوم، سوم و چهارم مطالعه تکمیل گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آنالیز واریانس با اندازه های تکراری استفاده شد.
یافته هادر طول 4 هفته پیگیری، روند کاهشی مدت گریه شیرخوار معنادار نبود (18/0p=) لیکن متوسط مدت گریه شیرخوار بین گروه ماساژ با روغن کنجد، ماساژ با روغن آفتاب گردان و ماساژ بدون استفاده از روغن اختلاف معناداری داشت (007/0p=). اما اثر متقابل زمان و گروه بر مدت گریه معنادار نبود (18/0=p). در طول 4 هفته پیگیری، روند افزایشی مدت خواب شیرخوار از نظر آماری معنادار بود (001/0p<) لیکن متوسط مدت خواب بین سه گروه مورد مطالعه تفاوت معناداری نداشت (56/0p=). همچنین اثر متقابل زمان و گروه بر مدت خواب نیز معنادار نبود (10/0=p).
نتیجه گیریبا توجه به عدم تفاوت آماری معنادار در بین سه گروه به لحاظ مدت گریه و خواب شیرخوار و با توجه به این که روند افزایشی خواب می تواند یک پدیده طبیعی در شیرخوار نظر گرفته شود، لذا برای رسیدن به نتایج دقیق در این زمینه، نیاز به انجام مطالعه ای با داشتن گروه شاهد (بدون انجام ماساژ) می باشد.
کلید واژگان: ماساژ, روغن آفتاب گردان, روغن کنجد, گریه, خوابBackground and AimInfants are very sensitive and special attention is needed to take care of their physical and mental health. Some studies showed that massage by parents can improve infant's sleep quality. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of massage with sunflower oil or sesame oil on infant's crying and sleep times.Methods & Materials: This triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 120 infants who were 10-15 days old, full-term, single, exclusively breastfed and with no history of hospitalization. The infants were assigned randomly into three groups of sunflower oil massage, sesame oil massage and massage with no oils. Mothers administered 15 minutes of massage to their infants twice per day (morning and afternoon) for 28 days. Times of crying and sleep were measured by a parent's information form at baseline, and at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of the study. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA.
ResultWithin four weeks of following, decreasing pattern of infants crying time was not significant (P=0.18); however, the mean of crying time between the three groups was significant (P=0.007). The interaction effect of crying time and groups was not significant (P=0.18). Increasing pattern of infant sleep time was statistically significant in the fourth weeks of the following (P<0.001); however, the mean of sleep time between three groups was not significant (P<0.56). The interaction effect of sleeping time and groups was not significant (P<0.10).
ConclusionSince there were not statistical significant differences between the infant's crying and sleep times between the three groups, and despite the fact that increasing pattern of infants sleep time is a normal pattern, it is not possible to have a proper conclusion.
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BackgroundSupraspinal opioid analgesia is mediated in part by connections between the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Morphine analgesia from the PAG is decreased by serotonin, Nmethyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptor antagonists administrated into the RVM. Since in the RVM, the brain isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is also prominent this study was designed to evaluate the effects of non-selective NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) and noncompetitive NMDA antagonist (MK-801) microinjected into the RVM on PAG morphine (2.5 μg) analgesia and their potential interactions as measured by the tail-flick test.MethodsRats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and then special cannulae were stereotaxically inserted into the RVM and PAG. After one week recovery, the effects of noncompetitive NMDA antagonist (MK-801) and nonselective NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) microinjection into the RVM and their interactions with each other to alter PAG morphine (2.5 μg) analgesia elicited from the PAG was measured by the tail-flick test.ResultsMesencephalic morphine analgesia was significantly reduced after pretreatment in the RVM with L-NAME (0.6-1.3 μmol) or MK-801 (0.8 nmol). Reduction in mesencephalic morphine analgesia when MK-801 (0.8 nmol) and L-NAME (1 μmol) was sequentially microinjected into the RVM was not different from the effect of MK-801 (0.8 nmol) or L-NAME (1 μmol) when administered individually.ConclusionThese data implicate that NMDA receptors and nitric oxide (NO) production in the RVM modulate the transmission of opioid pain-inhibitory signals from the PAG.Keywords: Morphine Analgesia, Periaqueductal Gray Matter, Rostral Ventromedial Medulla, NMDA receptor, Nitric Oxide
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