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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common neurological disorder that often affects young women. The current study aimed to assess the effect of expressive writing on the sexual and marital satisfaction of women with MS.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the sexual and marital satisfaction of 104 married women aged 18-45 years with MS referred to a selected specialized clinic in Tehran in 2022. The inclusion criteria entailed having minimal literacy, no use of psychotropic drugs, lack of other chronic diseases other than MS, and no pregnancy or breastfeeding. Sampling was performed consecutively, and samples were allocated to two groups based on the table of random numbers. The intervention group did writing at home at least once a week for four weeks. The personal characteristic questionnaire, Larson's sexual satisfaction, and Enrich's marital satisfaction questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21), and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The two groups were homogenous in terms of all examined personal characteristics. The results of this study demonstrated that performing expressive writing at home at least once a week for four weeks caused a significant increase in sexual satisfaction scores (P=0.01) and marital satisfaction (P<0.001).

As evidenced by the obtained results, expressive writing can improve sexual and marital satisfaction in women with MS.

Sexual dysfunction has many factors in multiple sclerosis, but there is no reliable treatment for this challenge.

Determining effective sexual function or dysfunction interventions in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

To find the relevant published interventional studies that at least had an English abstract or in Persian, we searched International Statistical Institute, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from January 1990 to June 2021. The results were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. The p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Out of 568 articles, 41 were included after deleting the duplicate and irrelevant articles. Studies were divided into 2 groups of sexual function (n = 27) and dysfunction (n = 14). Interventions in each category have 4 subgroups: psychoeducational, exercise and rehabilitation, and medical and multi-type interventions. For improving sexual function, more than half of psychoeducational interventions showed a significant improvement after interventions (p = 0.0003). In sexual dysfunction studies, most of the interventions (n = 13/14) had improved at least one subscale of sexual dysfunction. Medical interventions were effective on men’s sexual dysfunction, and psychoeducational interventions had been more effective in women’s sexual dysfunction.

Psychoeducational and medical interventions are the commonest effective interventions. The psychoeducational studies conducted specifically on women had a positive impact, and only 4 articles with medical interventions were specifically targeted at men, which had a positive effect.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects own physical function and body image. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of expressive writing on body image in women with MS.

In this randomized trial, the Solomon four-group design was employed. The study was carried out in 116 women attending an MS clinic in Tehran, Iran 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to two subgroups of control (A1 and A2) and two subgroups of intervention (B2 and B1). Pretest and posttest were done in A2 and B2 while for A1 and B1only posttest was performed. Expressive writing including morning pages, meeting the inner child, and creative assignments were carried out for six weeks. The control group received routine care. Fisher Body Focus Questionnaire was completed at pretest in A2 and B2 and at posttest in all groups (immediately after the intervention, and at weeks four and eight). Data analysis was done in SPSS V26.

The mean scores for body image in B2 were 145.65±19.89 at pretest, 156.89±9.54 immediately after the intervention, 158.16±8.92 at week four, and 153.96±8.27 at week eight. In A2, the mean score at these times were 144.96±7.17, 145.55±5.10, 145.28±7.84, 145.00±9.15, respectively. Expressive writing significantly improved body image in B2 at immediately and four weeks after the intervention compared to pretest (P˂0.001). There were significant differences between the control group and intervention group at immediately after (P=0.002) and four weeks (P=0.03) after the intervention.

Expressive writing could be effective in improving body image in women with MS.

Exclusive breastfeeding does not continue until six months in many places. It is seem, many factors are involved. The interventions for increase mothers’ social support during breastfeeding could be effective. The aim of this study was to examine effect of home visit on social support and the continuity exclusive breastfeeding in Bokan city from kurdestan province.

In this research, 108 mothers which have 3-5 day’s old neonates that were referred to 8 health care centers of Bokan (Iran). They were entered into the study by random allocation using randomized block design and were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of six home-based training programs of about 30 minutes. The instruments used included demographic questionnaire and midwifery history, perceived social support tool of Zimet, and a researcher-made questionnaire on exclusive breastfeeding.

Most mothers in the intervention group continued exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month, and the majority in the control group continued exclusive breastfeeding until the first and second months. In general, the mean number of breastfeeding months in the intervention group was 3.15±1.01 months and in the control group 1.71±0.906 months. Also, most people in the intervention group (76%) had more than 8 times breastfeeding per day, while most mothers in the control group (88%) had less than 8 times breastfeeding. Mothers’ perception social support score were not significant difference in two groups.

Home visit and follow-ups have led to a long-term exclusive breastfeeding and more often overnight, so itchr('39')s possible to set up such plans to enhance breastfeeding status. Home visit did not effect on mothers’ perceive social support and fathers’ attitude. It is seem to need future further interventions in this field with long time follow up and qualitative study with influence in deep layer in culture people in Bokan city

Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem in all societies that affects all aspects of victim’s health especially mental health. The present study aimed to determines the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health among Iranian women who referred to the Forensic Medicine center in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was done on 196 married women who referred to the south center of Forensic Medicine in Tehran. Data were collected in 2013 by using three questionnaires: demographic questionnaire, CTS-2, and GHQ-28. Data analyzed by using SPSS-14 software. The age of participants was 29.9±6.3 years (range 18-57 years). The most of women were housekeeper (73%) with moderate economic status (48.5%). Physical violence had the highest mean score (37.29±16.80); and after that, highest mean scores are related to Psychological violence 29.37±7.01, verbal violence 14.83±8.15, Physical violence leading to injury 14.47±6.85, and sexual violence 8.38±7.36, respectively. Verbal violence didn’t show any relation with all subscales of mental health. The somatic and anxiety symptoms was significantly correlated to total and all violence subscales score (p<0.001). Also social function was correlated to total violence score (p=0.032), Sexual (p=0.002), and psychological violence (p=0.025). Depression symptoms was correlated to total violence score (p<0.001), physical leading to damage violence (p<0.001), Sexual violence (p<0.001), Psychological violence (p=0.002), and physical violence (p<0.001). Our results showed IPV is related to mental health of battered women but verbal violence didn’t show any statistical relationship with somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms and social function.

Sanitary Pad of Nitrazine Test (SPONT) is one of the newest method to diagnosis premature rupture of membranes (PROM) that doesn't need women attending hospital and applying speculum. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of SPONT versus standard clinical assessment.

A prospective diagnostic accuracy study, 140 pregnant women with symptoms of PROM in 22-42 weeks of gestation were involved. The accuracy of SPONT in the diagnosis of PROM was compared with Nitrazine, Fern and Pooling tests that were performed at the same time.

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SPONT, routine Nitrazine, Fern and Pooling tests were 93.2%, 85.7%, 97.3%, 69.2%; 94.1%, 90.5%, 98.2% 73.1%; 80.1%, 95.2%, 98.9%, 46.5%; and 68.1%, 95.2%, 98.9% 46.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of SPONT was the same as routine Nitrazine test (P.V=0.811). SPONT has higher sensitivity than Fern test (P.V=0.008) and Pooling test (P.V<0.001). The accuracy of the applied tests was 92.1%, 93.6%, 82.8% and 72.8% respectively for SPONT, Nitrazine, Fern and Pooling tests. There wasn't significant difference between accuracy of SPONT and standard clinical assessment (92.1% vs. 89.3%).

The accuracy of SPONT was the same as routine Nitrazine test in PROM diagnosis that pregnant women can use it if they do not have immediate access to health centers.

self-medication of herbal medicines during pregnancy can create dangers for the mother and fetus. Considering the existence of common pregnancy problems among many pregnant women and since people think that herbs are harmlessness; this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of self-medication of medicinal plants in treatment of common pregnancy problems in women referred to health centers in Kashan. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on 300 pregnant and postpartum women referred to health centers of Kashan in 2018. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which included demographic information and a checklist of herbal medicines for treatment of pregnancy common problems. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 17), and descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. P˂0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the results of this study, 164 cases of women (57.1%) had used the herbs to resolve the common problems during pregnancy without consulting and prescribing of physician. The most common problems for which the pregnant women used herbs to treat them were heartburn، constipation، nausea، and anemia. Considering the high prevalence of consumption of herbal medicine in resolving the common problems of women during pregnancy, the necessity of informing the public about self-medication of medicinal plants is felt.