bahman fouladi

Acute respiratory infections are caused by a wide range of viruses. Respiratory spread is the main process of disease transmission. We evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) indices.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on patients-files between September 2019 and March 2021. 102 patients were evaluated. 26 men and 30 women were included in the acute coronary group, 16 men and 30 women were included in the non-acute coronary group.

The mean age of women (53.0 ± 1.9) was higher than that of men (50.2 ± 2.02) in the acute coronary group. The mean NLR index in coronary men (65 ± 1.47) was higher than non-acute coronary men (54 ± 1.76). It was also higher in coronary women (54 ± 2.78 ± 10) than non-acute coronary women (24 ± 1.97) (p value > 0.05). PLR index of coronary men (85 ± 43.15) was lower than the non-acute men (48.3 ± 48.15). But this index was lower in coronary women (36.3 ± 5.22) than the non-acute women (2.4 ± 2.25) (p value > 0.05). The mean of MLR index in coronary men (0.16 ± 0.025) was less than the coronary women (0.03 ± 0.26) (p value > 0.05). The mean MLR index in non-acute men (0.04 ± 0.22) was lower than the non-acute women (0.02 ± 0.23) (p value > 0.05). The mean MLR in the coronary men (0.025 ± 0.16) was lower than non-acute men (0.04 ± 0.22). This index was higher in coronary women (0.03 ± 0.26) than the non-acut women (0.02 ± 0.23) (p value > 0.05).

The changes in NLR, PLR and MLR indices were in accordance with global studies but were not significant. It may be due to immune responses of patients and laboratory errors (sampling and performing techniques)

Diabetics usually suffer from chronic complications, including microvascular and macrovascular disorders. The capillaries supplying the sexual organs affect normal sexual functions. The erectile process has been shown to be impaired in diabetics. Vascular damage in diabetics may be associated with decreased testosterone production, sperm count, testicular weight, and seminiferous tubule diameter. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aloe vera gel extract (from Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran) on the male genital system in streptozocininduced diabetic rats.

A total of 24 male Wistar rats were included in the study. Diabetes was induced in 12 rats by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into four groups. The first and third groups received saline (NaCl) by gavage daily. The second and fourth groups received Aloe vera gel extract daily by gavage. Treatments were continued for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were taken and serum glucose and testosterone levels were measured by photometric methods. Histological examinations were performed on the prostate and testes.

Mean weight index, serum levels of glucose and testosterone, mean sperm count, germinal epithelium (GE) thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter improved significantly in the diabetes + Aloe vera group.

We concluded that consumption of Aloe vera gel extract improved sexual complications in diabetic rats.

Tramadol and methadone are synthetic opioid drugs that are widely used in various fields today to reduce pain, on the other hand, excessive use of these drugs causes addiction and poisoning in users. Knowing the complications and symptoms of poisoning of these drugs, along with the prevalence of their consumption, can be used to take the necessary measures to limit arbitrary consumption and prevent poisoning in consumers, especially in women who form the foundation of society and family. It can be helpful.

This article is a systematic review to investigate the prevalence of tramadol and methadone use and the side effects of long-term use in women. In this research, the search was conducted in SID, MagIran, Pubmed, Medline and Google Scholar electronic databases and due to the large volume of study articles, it was limited to the years 2000 to 2022.

By summarizing the findings of the studies, tramadol and methadone drugs are used by a wide range of people with different demographic conditions. The statistics of addiction in young people and the complications caused by women's addiction are far more than other groups. Considering the current conditions, it is necessary to be aware of the potential dangers of these two drugs and monitor their distribution and administration.

Medical education is facing a challenge in meeting society’s demands about their health improvement. Due to this, it seems necessary to educate creative and thoughtful staff for health‑care system. By this introduction, this study aimed to compare the effect of “learning based on classic education” and “learning based on participatory education” on nursing students critical thinking.

Thirty‑eight nursing students participated in this study. Students were chosen by census method and were divided into two groups randomly. The California critical thinking questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 19 by descriptive statistics and t‑test.

The results showed a significant difference between the mean score of critical thinking before and after conducting the “learning based on participatory education” method. Difference between mean score was significant between the two groups. This mean score was more increased in group which “learning based on participatory education” method was conducted.

The increased score of critical thinking among students with “learning based on participatory education” method showed the welcome of students toward new and dynamic methods of teaching the critical thinking and proved this that critical thinking can be useful in nursing education.

C Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, which is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It is also the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease after the viral infections, which affects around 180 million people around the world each year. The people infected with this parasite exhibit a wide range of symptoms. To the best of our knowledge the genetic variation, prevalence and related factors affecting the disease have not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis in women of southeast of Iran.

Out of 500 patient women referred to the hospitals of Imam Khomeini in Zabol and Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) in Zahedan, 25 positive clinical samples were isolated from vaginal discharge and urine by culture method during June 2015 and May 2016. First, DNA was extracted and then all samples were subjected to nested PCR. Six different genotypes of actin gene were identified by PCR-RFLP in Trichomonas vaginalis in Zahedan and Zabol. All PCR products were digested with HindII, RsaI, and MesI restriction enzymes. All participants completed a questionnaire recommended by gynecologists and midwifery experts.

As a result, the genotypes of H, G, E, I, and N were identified in this study, from which the genotype E was the dominant genotype of T. vaginalis in Zahedan and Zabol. There was also a significant association between the type of clinical symptoms and the level of infection (P=0.0001).

To sum up, disease as a health problem must be controlled through epidemiologic and genetic methods. Moreover, controlling the disease is closely associated with education and drug resistance or sensitivity related to genetic variation and epidemiologic factors.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal yeast infection in women. The present study aimed to determine the phenotype of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species in VVC cases.

This was a cross-sectional study on 65 patients suspected of VVC through a visit by a gynecologist. They were cultured on CHROMagar and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). If morphology of the colonies could be detected through microscopic inspection, physiological tests were used to identify individual yeast species.

Out 65 colonies, 53.8% had negative cultures. The frequency of positive cultures for Candida were also calculated (C. albicans = 38.5%, C. glabrata = 6.15%, and C. krusei = 1.53%). Most of culture-negative cases had no history of antibiotic therapy (94.3%) while most of culture-positive cases had a history of fluconazole therapy (56% in C. albicans isolates and 40% in non-C. albicans isolates). Relapse rate was calculated as 29.2%. Of studied patients, 80% had no underlying disease, 15.4% had a history of diabetes, and 4.6% had a history of corticosteroid therapy. Less than half negative-culture cases had an undergraduate degree (45.7%).

The incidence of VVC depends on various factors including occupation, underlying disease and history of antibiotic therapy. The most common cause of VVC is C. glabrata, secondary to C. albicans. Relapse infection rates can be reduced by increasing knowledge on clinical data, underlying diseases, mechanism of the organism, cause of infection, and effective treatment.

Fungi are organisms of air pollution and can development disease in humans or animals certain circumstances. According the importance of disease caused by fungi in the air, this study aimed to Identification of Zahedan fungal air flora in spring and summer was performed.
In this descriptive cross sectional study, Zahedan was divided into 5 sampling sites, and done active and passive sampling method by using Dextrose Agar medium containing chloramphenicol (SC). Slide culture method used for the detection of mold colonies and to identify yeast colonies.
The most segregated fungi In this study, respectively in spring: Aspergillusflavus 22.22%, Aspergillus fumigatus16.66%, Alternaria 16.16% Aspergillusniger 11.11%, Mucor 11.11%, sterile mycelium 11.11%, Penicillium Spp. 5.55%, Cladosporium 5.55%, and in the summer respectively: Mucor 20.83%, Scopulariopsis 11.33%, , Aspergillusflavus 8.33%, Aspergillusniger 8.33%, sterile mycelium 8.33%, Aspergillus fumigates 8.33%, AspergillusNidulans 7.33, Cladosporium 8.33%, Alternaria 6.16 %, Penicillium 5.16%, absidia 2.16%, Rhizopus 4.16%.
Our findings showed that, Zahedan air contains a variety of fungal spores and immunocompromised, transplant and leukemia patients are prone to fungal infections observance with health advice, use of mask, using appropriate filter in air conditioner, install the anti-humidity devices in the home and workplace and wet areas can prevent the onset of many diseases associated with these factors.

Background and Cutaneous infections arise from a homogeneous group of keratinophilic fungi, known as dermatophytes. Since these pathogenic dermatophytes are eukaryotes in nature, use of chemical antifungal agents for treatment may affect the host tissue cells. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Actinomyces species against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (abbreviated as T. mentagrophytes). The isolates were obtained from soil samples and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
Material and In total, 100 strains of Actinomyces species were isolated from soil samples in order to determine their antagonistic activities against T. mentagrophytes in Kerman, Iran. The electron microscopic study of these isolates was performed, based on the physiological properties of these antagonists (e.g., lipase, amylase, protease and chitinase), using relevant protocols. The isolates were identified using gene 16S rDNA via PCR technique.
Streptomyces flavogriseus, Streptomyces zaomyceticus strain xsd08149 and Streptomyces rochei were isolated and exhibited the most significant antagonistic activities against T. mentagrophytes. Images were obtained by an electron microscope and some spores, mycelia and morphology of spore chains were identified. Molecular, morphological and biochemical characteristics of these isolates were studied, using the internal 16S rDNA gene. Active isolates of Streptomyces sequence were compared to GenBank sequences. According to nucleotide analysis, isolate D5 had maximum similarity to Streptomyces flavogriseus (99%).
The findings of this study showed that Streptomyces isolates from soil samples could exert antifungal effects on T. mentagrophytes.