فهرست مطالب bahman heidari

Creating meaning is not something that happens in a vacuum, but the speakers of different languages always communicate with their audience by creating meaning and encoding the words of the language, and the audience decodes them based on the meaning they receive from the words. By examining the Kurdish language codes used in the TV series "Nun.Kh", the authors intend to represent the Kurds by using the opinions of the users of virtual spaces from the perspective of the main actor of the series named Nuruddin Khanzadeh, who pretends to be a Kurdish speaker. He speaks with a Kurdish Farsi accent, and his family who speak Kermanshahi Farsi will show how the image of the Kurds is shown in this series. The data was collected from the opinions of users in the virtual space and analyzed from the perspective of cultural semiotics. The findings showed that the language of the main actor of this series and his family was not a real representation of the language of the Kurdish people, but fake dialects used by the actors of the series. Also, in the representation of clothing, proper design of Kurdish clothing is not presented, and the decency of a Kurdish woman, who is portrayed as a rough and masculine person, is not well represented.

Cognitive poetics, as one of the main branches of cognitive sciences, allows the reader to analyze a text with the help of tools and text builder elements. The present study aims at identifying the builder elements of poetry, an excerpt from the poems of Shirko Bikas entitled “Ma’rouf Aghaee, a rhythmic poem and a dead rain" from the collection of “lights above the peak” to study and analyze it by descriptive-analytic method and based on Text Worlds Theory proposed by Paul Werth in 1999. The results were obtained by identifying the different layers of Shirko Bikas poem, which was accompanied by a departure from the world of the original text to the sub-worlds and then a return to the world of the original text. The results showed that the most important feature of his poems is the use of special names, conceptual metaphors and also the use of adverbs as the most important world building elements in the building of the sub-worlds and the text world. The findings showed that the use of mental processes in the building of sub-worlds and the use of relational and material processes in the building of the text world are the most important function advancing propositions. And also, the findings indicated that in the selected excerpt, the reason for the tendency to read these poems is in the high frequency of the want-worlds and the collapse of the layer of the discourse world and the text world.

The present study is not only the first comprehensive study about a Kurdish poet using Text World theory, but also the least not the last research of the formation of the location of the text world layer of Chair written by Shirko Bikas which has been done with the descriptive-analytic method and the aim of achieving the location of the text world of Chair based on Text World Theory. The data have been selected and collected from Chair via library method. Examining the formation of the text world of Chair using world-building elements and function-advancing propositions showed that the text world of Chair is represented through place names, and in the absence of place names, through the world-building elements of time and character. Also, one part of the representation of the location of the text world of Chair is obtained through the verbal phrases of function-advancing propositions. In addition, the representation of location in the text world of Chair provided cognitive-poetic evidence to support Shirko Bikas's claim that location and names cover a wide range of her works.

Iran-Turkey relations have a long history. Both have a special strategic position in the region. Iran-Turkey relations are a mixture of competition and cooperation Bilateral, but stable in recent years. In general, the reason for the conflicting behaviors of these two countries can be divided into two categories. First, the two countries have conflicting views on strategic issues in the Middle East and the Caucasus. The two countries, due to the differences in the nature of their governments, try to create and maintain a balance of power with each other, and with any factor such as Iran's nuclearization or strengthening strategic relations between Israel and the United States. The present study examines the contexts and challenges of economic relations in Iran and Turkey between 2000 and 2020. The external factor includes the increase of sanctions against iran by the United States. Nevertheless, the main part of Iran's exports to Turkey, which is natural gas, is still going on ". Internal factors, such as the two countries' competition for the development of their markets in Central Asia, have benefited Iran and Turkey from bilateral trade, which has stabilized their political relations. The research findings show that despite the serious strategic conflicts between Iran and Turkey in the region, but due to the expansion of bilateral economic relations and the priority of the economy for each of these two countries separately, political tensions have not only increased.

The present study aims to metaphorically represent the semantic layer of the sub-worlds in the concept of worlds in the Text Worlds Theory proposed by Werth in 1999. In this study, the nature of Shirko Bikas's poetic landscapes was studied linguistically, and it was determined the type of his perspective and point of view. The methodological nature of this qualitative study is descriptive-analytical, and the data were collected by a library method from the book titled chair written by Shirko Bikas. This study also showed how the poetic landscapes of Sherko Bikas's poetry were the means of expressing his thoughts and mentality at the beginning of the chair. Thus, relying on the concept of metaphor in Text Worlds theory, the Kurdish poet's metaphorical worlds were deciphered at the beginning of the chair to discover the attitude based onwhich this work was created. The results showed that the external underlying mega-metaphor as internal mega-metaphor is represented through the surface structural micro-metaphor of wind, poetry, story, and play all of which are considered as human.