فهرست مطالب bahman sadeghi sedeh

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common anemias, especially in children 4–23 months. Therefore, prophylaxis is necessary to improve iron status as well as reduce IDA in Toddlers. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of daily supplementation with ferrous gluconate (FG) and ferrous sulfate (FS) on iron status in toddlers.

A total of 120 healthy toddlers were divided randomly into 2 groups at the Amir‑Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran and received FS and FG from March 2020 to December 2020. Iron status was evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of supplementation. The statistical significance of the differences in iron status between FS and FG groups was calculated using Student’s t‑test and the Pearson’ s Chi‑square test for qualitative variables. SPSS software (version 16, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Comparison of iron status of FS and FG groups toddlers at baseline and after 6 months of supplementation showed that there was a significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb) (10.46 vs. 12.45, P = 0.001) and ferritin level (28.08 vs. 59.63, P = 0.001).

Although prophylaxis with FG led to a higher Hb and ferritin levels, our study recommended that both FG and FS supplements were effective for prophylactic use in the prevention of IDA. However, FG was more effective than FS because FG group that received FG supplementation indicated a higher Hb and ferritin levels in comparison to the FS group that received FS supplementation.

An efficient diabetes control delays the emergence of the side effects of the disease. The present study aimed to assess factors associated with blood sugar indices in type 2 diabetic patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 diabetic individuals who were referred to Imam Reza Clinic in Arak, Iran, in 2019. To this end, all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients subjected to fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour postprandial (2hpp), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests during the recent one month were selected using a convenience sampling method. Additionally, a demographic checklist and the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults questionnaire were filled out through face-to-face interviews.

Based on the results, blood sugar levels, especially HbA1c were related to residence (P=0.012) and access to health clinics (P=0.028) so that those with easier access had lower blood sugar indices. Further, an inverse correlation was observed between the HbAlc value and health literacy (P=0.013). An increase in the education level improved blood sugar amount, although the relationship was not significant. Finally, the mean value of 2hpp was related to the family support level, thus better family support led to a lower amount.

The results suggested a relationship between access to health clinics, residence, family support, health literacy, and occupation with blood sugar levels in diabetic subjects.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the oral use of ibuprofen suspension in various doses in the treatment of PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus) in mature babies. Mature babies (37-42 weeks) aged more than 3 days who had been diagnosed with PDA were involved in this study. For the measurement of the ratio of left atrial to aortic root diameters (La/Ao) Color, pressure gradient and the internal ductal diameter, Doppler echocardiography (ECHO) was performed. This clinical trial was performed on 60 infants born born between August 2013 to August 2015.

This clinical trial study was performed on 60 infants were randomly born between August 2013 to August 2015 which Randomly divided into two groups: The first group, received oral ibuprofen in three doses (5, 5, 10 mg/kg at 24-hour intervals) and the second group received an early dose of OIS, in two doses of 10 mg/kg after 24 and 48 hours (totally 20 mg/kg). A follow-up ECHO was performed 48 hours and 2 weeks after treatment by the same pediatric cardiologist who was not aware of the study groups. Evaluation of changes in platelet count, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and complications of thrombocytopenia, evaluation of elevated serum creatinine, and complications of gastrointestinal bleeding were compared between the two groups using statistical analysis.

Seventy-three percent (73%) patients in the first group and seventy-six (76%) patients in the second group had successful PDA closure in the first 48 hrs. No statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.0001) was obtained and the highest response time was observed in the first 48 hours of treatment. After 2 weeks, the PDA closure in both groups was completely successful (100%). No specific side effects were observed between the two groups.

We conclude that higher doses of ibuprofen (20 and 2×510 mg/kg) do not show better results for PDA closure without renal or gastrointestinal complications.

Nocturnal enuresis is a symptom defined as enuresis in children with higher than 5 years of age that might have mutual connection to sleep disturbances. This condition might be a stressful factor for children and their families.

This study aimed to find the correlation between primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE), as a stressful factor and sleep disorders.

This case-control study was conducted on 132 children, including 66 children with nocturnal enuresis as the case group and 66 healthy children as the control group. The two groups were homogenous in age, gender, and other demographic characteristics. The organized sleep disorder questionnaire based on sleep disorder diagnostic criteria (using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) was used in this study. The correlation between PMNE and sleep disorders was investigated based on the Chi-square test on SPSS software (version 23).

The mean scores of the subjects with sleep disorders in the control and case groups were 0.38 ± 0.78 and 2.24 ± 1.73, respectively. Therefore, there were significant differences between the two groups in sleep disorders (P = 0.001). In addition, primary insomnia, hypersomnia, circadian sleep rhythm, and sleep terror disorders in the case group were higher than the control group (P = 0.001).

The PMNE has been defined as a risk factor for sleep disorders.

Type 2 diabetes is a non-communicable disease with silent epidemics and a growing health problem. Due to the role of health literacy in control of diabetes, in this study, the level of health literacy and its relationship with demographic factors will be examined in Emam Reza Clinic of arak.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 201 diabetic patients who had referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Reza Clinic in Arak in 1398 were entered in the study by available sampling method. The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HELIA) was completed by the physician in an interview with patients. data was entered into statistical software spss23 and analyzed with statistical tests (Mann– Whitney Test, and Kruskal–Wallis).

The Means age of patients was 57.37 ± 12.93 years. Most patients (62.7%) were women. The average total health literacy was 55.20 ± 22.14. The highest literacy level was in the accessibility dimension )60.03 ± 32.73(and the lowest in the reading dimension (46.45 ± 21.73(. Health literacy was lower in the elderly and higher in men and people living in the city (p = 0.0001). Health literacy also increases with education and it is higher in Employees and students (p = 0.0001).

According to the results of study, the level of health literacy in diabetic patients is low and it is related with age, gender, education, occupation and place of residence of diabetic patients. promoting health literacy of patients, it is necessary to help control of diabetes and prevent its chronic complications.

Down syndrome is the most common type of chromosomal abnormality that causes mental disability. In recent years, the life expectancy of these children has increased, so their special needs will also increase. Family-centered interventions are of particular importance for the provision of services to children and their families. There are several tools for measuring family-centered services from the perspective of parents and service providers. But the Persian version of validity and reliability is not found in information resources. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and standardize the Persian version of the questionnaire for measure of process of care for service providers (MPOC-SP) in children with Down Syndrome in Isfahan.

The original version of the Measure of process of care for service providers (MPOC-SP) in a cross-sectional study was translated in three stages. A final version of Persian was provided. Experts' opinions and Kappa agreement coefficient were used to examine the face and content validity. To determine the reliability of the Persian version, by random sampling, 83 occupational therapists, general practitioners and psychiatrists were selected and test-retest was administered. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software, Cronbach's alpha and intra-cluster correlation coefficient, and multi factors analysis.

The internal consistency of the four domains of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha between 0.778 and 0.881. The reliability values ​​were within the cluster correlation index between 0.75 and 0.83. The correlation between the four domains was favorable on the basis of Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation of each of the questions with the four fields of the questionnaire in multi factors analysis (0.72-0.87) was also appropriate

The Persian version of measure of process of care for service providers in children with Down Syndrome with 27 items and in four different areas has a good validity and reliability as a tool for evaluating the provision of services in all centers for providing services to children with Down Syndrome.

Hypercalciuria may be a sign of infrequent voiding; these symptoms may be treated if we get rid of hypercalciuria.
This paper is intended to get to the prevalence of hypercalciuria in girls (kids) with infrequent voiding.
80 patients with the index of infrequent voiding, who were admitted to Amir-Kabir hospital of Arak, and 80 children who were admitted without any particular disease just for a laboratory check were studied simultaneously. Urine sample (U/A-U/C), kidney, and bladder sonography was taken from both groups.
The prevalence of hypercalciuria in the normal group was 9.64% and in the case group was 53.18% (P = 0.003). Based on the chi-square test, hypercalciuria distribution between the 2 groups is not homogeneous. Mean calcium to creatinine ratios were 0.17 ± 0.18 (mg/mg) and 3.9 ± 0.34 (mg/mg) for control and case groups, respectively and significant difference is observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.0001). Based on the logistic regression test, there is a significant relationship between both case and control groups and the occurrence of hypercalciuria with 6.3 times more than the control group observed in the case group.
Based on the high prevalence of hypercalciuria in the case group, examination and treatment of hypercalciuria in patients with infrequent voiding may be effective.

Evidence from laboratory and epidemiologic studies has showed that sleep duration and its quality relate with diabetes and may increase diabetes risk. Sleep disorders in Chronic diseases are prevalent. This study was aimed to compare sleep quality and disorders among patients with controled and uncontroled diabetes mellitus and relationship between metabolic controls of glucose and sleep.
In this case control study160 Type 2 diabetic mellitus patients referred to the Qom and Arak diabete center were selected and according to Glycemic control was assessed by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level divided in to groups with good control (n=65) and uncontroled control (n=95). Data were collected using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and DSM-IV-TR schedule and analyzed using chi-square, logestic regression and t-test.
In the currentr study, sleep duration and quality were in significant linear corolation with HbA1c level, a key marker of glycemic control and in general, major sleeping disorders in uncontroled diabetes were dissomnia.
According to the importance rule of good glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients, adjustment of related factors is important. Life style is one of the most important effective factor for care of diabetic patients. Sleep and rest are the most important components of human life, and for glysemic control. So, optimizing sleep duration and quality and identifying and treatment of sleep disorders should be considered as an intervention to improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the other hand, patients with good glycemic control have beter sleep and beter sleep quality.

Hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that shouldbe treated in problematic situations.Propranolol efficacy, target dose, range of age, duration of treatment and complications arenot conclusive for treatment of pediatric hemangioma. Our goal was to study efficacy and safety of propranolol for hemangiomatreating in children.
A randomized, open label crossover trial with two twenty four-week treatment phases separated by a one-week washout period, was conducted in Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. Thirty two patients with age of 1 month to 15 years were randomized to receive either oral propranolol 2 mg/kg/day or receivedno treatment. The primary outcome measure was change in hemangioma size assessed at baseline, day 3, day 7 and every month.
At baseline, the mean surface area was 36.9±36.3 cm2. After 1 week of treatment, a decrease was seen in size of hemangiomas. After one month, a significant reduction was seen in size of lesionsin treatment group compared to observation group (30 cm2vs 16 cm2, p The trial suggested that 24 week treatment with oral propranolol was effective for treatment of pediatric hemangiomas with acceptable safety profile.

Irrational use of the drug has high impression on the household economy, treatment and health. A lot of attention must be paid to the Medical group which is the most effective elements in the process of prescribing medication. Although awareness of doctors in the principles of prescribing is in acceptable range, different results can be seen in the implementation. Therefore it is necessary to compare the effective methods of changing the prescribing behavior. In this training study, 50 general practitioner (GP) that have offices and most of the indicators of irrational drug prescription were selected for an intervention. After the initial assessment and matching, based on the aim related sampling, they were divided into two groups affected by health belief model different training structures. Finally after a year their performance were collected and compared with application processing and statistical software version. According to the nondependent t-test the number of drugs per prescription between two groups did not show significant difference. However, administration of antibiotics and injectable form of drugs in the training group of perceived benefits and barriers was reduced as (p≤0.05) compared to training group of susceptibility and perceived severity. Also drug interactions into two groups have not significant difference. Training the perceived benefits and barriers are probably more effective than training the susceptibility and perceived severity in changing the function and behavior of the target group.