bahman zamani kebrabadi

One of the most important techniques for improving the quality and quantity of seedlings is the use of seed treatment with PGPR, which can increase the plant's resistance to adverse conditions. For this purpose, the effect of seed inoculation of Cerasus mahaleb in 10 forest provenances of Fereydunshahr city, Isfahan province with the most important rhizosphere bacteria that stimulate plant growth, on the components of seed germination in a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design It was done with three replications in the greenhouse, seed inoculation with five levels including no bacterial inoculation (as a control), inoculation with (Bacillus sp.), (Azotobacter sp.), (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and a combination treatment of three growth stimulating (MIX) and calculation of different components of Cerasus mahaleb seed germination was done. The results showed that mixed inoculation treatment (MIX) had the greatest effect on the indicators of germination speed (0.039 per day), seed germination (39.20), germination strength (20.38 percent) and The root length was (8.66 mm) compared to other treatments. P. fluorescens bacteria treatment also showed the best performance in germination percentage index (17.55%) and stem length (8.76 mm). On the other hand, the weakest performance among the bacterial treatments was related to the growth promoting bacteria (Bacillus sp.). Among the 10 areas of Cerasus mahaleb seed collection, Chal Khalil 1 and 2 forest reserve areas as well as Peshtkoh Som Durak 2 showed better seed germination indicators than other areas. In general, seed inoculation with PGPR can be a suitable solution for producing healthy and strong seedlings, better establishment, and also increasing the success of planting seedlings in disturbed and degraded habitats of Cerasus mahaleb in Zagros forests.

In order to investigate the effect of inoculation of Cerasus mahaleb provenances in Fereydunshahr city of Isfahan with the most important rhizosphere bacteria stimulating plant growth on morphological indices of Cerasus mahaleb, a factorial experiment was planned in a completely randomized block design with three replications in a greenhouse. Inoculation of seedling with five levels including non-bacterial inoculation (as a control), inoculation with bacteria (Bacillus sp.), (Azotobacter sp.), (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and combination treatment of three growth-promoting bacteria (MIX) and calculation of characteristics morphological analysis of Cerasus mahaleb was performed. In the study of morphological traits of seedlings, combined treatment (MIX) of bacteria showed the best performance in stem length (27.66 cm), root length (70.61 cm), basal diameter (9.07 mm), shoot (21.62 g) and root (28.45 g) dry weight, and number of leaves (22). Only in leaf area (23.82 cm), bacterial treatment (Pseudomonas fluorescens) had better performance than MIX. The results showed that the weakest performance among bacterial growth stimulant treatments was related to bacteria (Bacillus sp.). Among the 10 study areas, Chal Khalil 1 and 2 forest reserve areas as well as Poshtkuh Durak 2 showed the best morphological traits compared with other areas in bacterial inoculation. In fact, inoculation of seedlings with growth-promoting bacteria can be a good way to produce healthy and strong seedlings as well as better establishment and increase the success of seedlings in disturbed and degraded habitats of this important species of Zagros forests.

Drought stress is the most important factor in the growth of plants in arid and semi-arid regions and plays an important role in the establishment of plants in these ecosystems. Russian olive seedlings were planted in environmental plan in the form of Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and treat mental plan in the form of factorial with 2 factors in the greenhouse. The test factors were Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae and control without inoculation) and four drought stress intensity (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity (FC)). Seedlings growth rate include height, collar diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, weight of aerial and underground organs was calculated by comparison of the growth rate at the beginning and end of the experimental period. With increasing drought stress intensity, vegetative traits such as height, collar diameter, number of branches and leaves, root dry weight and shoot dry weight of Russian olive seedlings were decreased significantly. With increasing drought stress to 50% of FC, the main root length of seedlings showed an increasing trend, indicating an increase in root length under dehydration. The highest and lowest dry weights of seedlings shoot were observed in treatments of F. mosseae and control, 36 g and 18 g, respectively. Fungal species of F. mosseae in all morphological traits except root dry weight provided more favorable conditions for the seedlings, as well as the F. mosseae, showed more abundance and better coexistence with Russian olive seedlings.

Housing large and heavy industries, Isfahan Province is facing water shortage, encouraging investigations aimed at reusing industrial effluents in agriculture. Using average values obtained from tests of samples taken every 15 days over a period of two months from industrial effluents in northeast Isfahan, the present descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented to determine whether the effluents would pass quality standards for agricultural reuse. The average values of BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and turbidity as well as Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Vanadium, Ag, Mn, and Nickel concentrations in addition to total and fecal coliform counts were compared with the quality standards recommended by EPA. It was found that average BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and turbidity values did not exceed standard values while total coliform counts as well as oil, fat, detergent, and heavy metal (e.g., cadmium, copper, vanadium, and cobalt) contents in some samples did exceed the relevant allowable limits. Based on the results obtained, the treated effluents exhibited certain limitations (e.g., high cadmium, copper, vanadium, and cobalt contents) that need to be addressed before reuse in agricultural irrigation. To avoid the adverse environmental effects of the effluents on soil, they may be recommended for irrigating non-edible trees and industrial plants such as cotton.

Rainfall reduction and dehydration are important features of the Zagros forests. One of the most sustainable, and suitable ways to restore, and enrich these forests is the use of native, and multipurpose species such as Cerasus mahaleb L.. This study was conducted as a factorial randomized complete block design at Isfahan Agricultural, and Natural Resources Research Center from winter to spring of 2018. The first factor included four levels of drought stress (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity), and the second factor was three levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi without mycorrhizal fungi (control), Rhizophagus irregularis, and Funneliformis mosseae in four replications on fungal colonization, and traits of the morphological characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of C. mahale L. in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that with increasing drought stress; height, collar diameter, number of branches, and leaves, root, and shoot dry weight, fungal colonization percentage, and leaf area of C. mahaleb seedlings were significantly reduced (p≤1%), however, both fungi were able to improve most of the studied traits. At 100% field capacity, fungal colonization increased from 32.1% in control to 47.27% in inoculation with F. mosseae, and 43.2% in inoculation with R. irregularis (p≤5%). Due to inoculation with F. mosseae fungi, the seedlings main root length in different drought stress treatments, compared to the control, showed an increasing trend, and the maximum root length (42 cm) in the conditions FC50% stress was obtained. The largest size of the surface, and the number of leaves, the height, and diameter of the seedlings were observed in conditions without drought stress (FC100%). According to the results of this study, in the seedling period, C. mahaleb can be considered as a relatively drought tolerant species.

Olive tree were planted in Esfahan some industrial zones and highways as green space. Therefore fruit pollution by heavy metals will be accured. Soil, water, leaves and fruit were sampled. Sites were study located in Bama Pb and Zn mine, CaCO3 mine, Fuladshahr city, Esfahan petroleum refinery, and some of Esfahan highway green space. Arsenic content of fruit and leaves did'nt measured by ATM (not in detect limitation). Only Cd abserved in some fruit samples. In Kashan fruit samples did'nt measured any heavy metals.). In all studies, attention to cadmium should be given special attention. The latter can indicate less pollution of water, soil and plant resources in areas with much less traffic, industry and population. In general, it can be concluded that in order to create green space in industrial areas, roadsides and urban thoroughfares, the planting of olive trees and other fruit trees that are edible should be avoided.

In this experiment, one year old Cerasus mahaleb seedlings were inoculated with six treatments of mycorrhizal fungus (Diversispora versiformis, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, and a combination of these species) and control, then were planted in five soil treatments (control or No contamination, normal contaminated, contaminated with lead, zinc contaminated and contaminated with lead and zinc) were cultivated. The highest amount of colonization in combination treatment was 51% and lowest in control treatment was 24%. Diagonal growth, Seedling height and leaf area index in inoculation with combination strain were 1.42, 11.9 and 19.01, respectively. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoot in the treatment of strain Recipes were 42.04 and 21.36 grams and the lowest in the control were 22.34 and 11.33 grams, respectively. Combination strains and non-contaminated soil treatment caused maximum growth in Mahleb, in plants grown with mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated, mean of all measured variables was significantly higher than that of control plants. Combined strain treatment had the highest effect on dry matter accumulation.

Destructive gases and hazardous particles that are released daily by industrial units into the environment are one of the problems in today's environment. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the concentrations of gases (SO2), (NO2), (O3) and (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) and (PM2.5) at different stations and at different months of the year in the air around the Shahid Montazeri power plant in Isfahan. The results showed that the highest amount of pollutants in the cold months of the year and concentrations of (SO2), (NO2) and (O3) gases were higher than the Iranian air standard, which high concentration of these gases had many negative effects on crop and rangeland surrounding this plant. Carbon monoxide (CO) was the most abundant (88%) of the plant's environmental gases, with a concentration lower than Iran's Air Standard. Suspended particles below 2.5 microns and below 10 microns were below the permissible limit at all stations. Also in the air quality index (AQI) survey, all environmental gases (except SO2) and particulate matter were within the safe range.

One of the most important results of human industrial activities is the increased concentration of heavy metals in the soil. Application of mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the bioremediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of mycorrhizal fungi in lead phytoremediation by Cerasus mahaleb in soil contaminated with different levels of lead. The treatments were three levels of mycorrhizal fungi and three levels of soil contaminated with lead in four replications. The results showed that the percentage of root colonization decreased by increasing soil contamination with lead. Also, in the highest level of soil contamination, the mixed mycorrhizal treatment had the highest percentage of root colonization. The transfer factor (TF) of lead in stems and leaves in the soil with high contamination was more than low contamination. Mixed mycorrhizal treatmentshowed the highest effect in lead transfer to leaf and stem. The highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) were related to soil with high contamination. Also, the mixed mycorrhizal treatment had the best performance in increasing BCF and BAC. The amount of BCF was greater than BAC and TF and was close to one (0.9). Although  C. mahaleb seedlings could accumulate lead in roots and transfer it to shoot, they effectively stabilized lead in root and thus decreased lead translocation from soil to plant shoot.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals resulting from the deposition of contaminant particles in the surrounding soil and to compare the concentration of heavy metals in the soil with the permissible limits for agricultural use of lands in the surrounding of Shahid Mohammad Montazeri power plant in Isfahan. it was first divided into regular grids (67 grids) based on the grid method and soil sampling was performed in each grid. To measure the physical and chemical properties of soil, 12 samples were selected and 50 samples were selected from 67 samples to measure the concentration of heavy metals. The results showed that soils have an average organic matter content below 1%, which is low and thus the soil is poor. The mean concentrations heavy metals but the concentration of Cd was above the critical level and its concentration was contaminating in the soils.Generally, soil around the plant has no limitations for agriculture in terms of electrical conductivity, pH and concentration of heavy metals except cadmium. It should be noted that due to the transfer and toxicity of cadmium metal, cultivation of industrial plants such as cotton and fruit trees is recommended.

Phytoremediation was introduced as an effective, inexpensive and environmentally friendly to remove, displace or disable pollutants from polluted soils. There are numerous physical and chemical methods for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils, which in addition to high costs, lead to the destruction of the physical and chemical structure and vital activities of the soil. This study was applied in order to investigate the effects of inoculated Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of resilience to lead and zinc on some morphological traits (colonization, diameter growth, shoot dry and fresh weight, root dry and fresh weight, height and leaf area) of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. One-year-old seedlings of E. angustifolia species with an average height of 70-50 cm, minimum diameter of 1-1.5 cm and leaf number of at least 30 were provided from Jebel Amelian nursery affiliated to the Natural Resources Office of Isfahan Province. The seedlings were transferred to the greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan Province and were kept there for 20 days to adapt to the new conditions. In doing so, six treatments of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus versifome, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, G. mossea, composition and control treatments) and five treatments of soil (naturally polluted soil, soil polluted with lead, soil polluted with zinc, soil polluted with lead and zinc, control (without pollution) treatment) were considered. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the measured variables among the different treatment of mycorrhizal fungi. The highest and lowest colonization were observed for G. mossea (40.5%) and control treatment (25.6%), respectively. For G. mossea, the diameter growth (2.8mm), height (36.1cm) and leaf area index (28.8) increased in comparison to the control treatment. There was a significant difference between shoot dry and fresh weight and root dry and fresh weight in all of the treatment of mycorrhizal fungi. The highest dry and fresh weight of shoot was observed in G. mossea treatment (108.4 and 55 g) and the lowest was observed in control treatment (59.4 and 30.3 g). The highest and lowest of fresh weight were observed in control (95.3) and polluted soil with lead and zinc treatments (78g). Highest values of measured variables in all fungi and soil treatments were belonged to the inoculated treatment of G. mossea and the control treatment, respectively. Results of this study showed that inoculated treatment with G. mossea fungi and control treatment of soil caused the growth enhancement in E. angustifolia. However, there was no significant difference between mean fresh and dry weight of root and leaf area index in different soil treatments. Roots, as absorbent levels of water and food, have great effects on the absorption of water and various salts, and various environmental factors influence the growth of the plant through its effect on root growth. Heavy metal stress is one of the factors limiting root growth which affects plant growth activity. Also, in plants that were inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, the mean of all measured variables was significantly higher than the control treatment. The highest shoot weight was observed in G. mosseae treatment, which suggests that G. mosseae contributed to the plant's absorption of water and food, especially phosphorus, and increased the accumulation of dry matter and has more efficiency in the biomass production of E. angustifolia.