فهرست مطالب behnaz safar ali najar

Every art-work has a different perceptual aspect that is related to some issues such as aesthetic perception and knowledge of users. The important point is how users get that and the difference between architectural perception and users that is a controversial issue in modern architecture and cause disagreement between users and designers. According to the importance of vernacular architecture and the need to adapt to its pattern with modern architecture, this paper aimed to evaluate principles of visual Gestalt and aesthetics between users and designers (non-experts and experts1) in the traditional live district in Dezful city in Iran. The methodology of this research is combined with descriptive-surveying methods and field and library studies. So, a semi-structural interview by using a targeted questionnaire was distributed to the experts and non-experts to quantify the differences, and by describing and analyzing these data by SPSS statistical software, the root of the differences between these groups was identified. Due to the analysis of the data, besides searching, studying, and being in that district, two types of questionnaires between users and designers have been used. The result of this study shows that in the ancient city of Dezful, the opinions of experts and users also differ in terms of aesthetic perception so that for users, shape, and context, and experts, symmetry is the first principle. So unexpectedly, it can be argued that sensible visual Gestalt principles, such as symmetry and closure for experts, are of the highest importance, while these principles are of less importance to the user group. The findings of this study made it possible to compare the views and opinions of people and experts. It makes clear the difference between the perception criteria of those who create the landscape and the people who are confronted with and live in the environment.

Historical cemeteries are a reflection of the culture and religion of the community in which they were formed. With the expansion of cities, most of these cemeteries have been abandoned in remote areas, outside the city or in unsuitable protected areas, and no trace of dynamics and currents of urban space can be seen in them. As these cemeteries are a valuable part of tangible and intangible heritage of each society, it is essential to consider their recognition, registration, and conservation measures. Dezful is one of the cities with a unique living historical context and also historical cemeteries. Locating these cemeteries in the urban context has led to be effected by brick and patterns used in the structure of the city, and due to the fact that these cemeteries have been neglected over the years, they have been subject to risks such as complete destruction. This research seeks to investigate the brick designs of graves in Dezful cemeteries named Roudband, Baba Yusef, and Kashefiyeh. The main purpose of this article is studying the brick designs of gravestones located in the historical cemeteries of this city, classifying and identifying these cemeteries as treasures of the ancient architecture of Dezful City. In this regard, the research method used is descriptive and the required data gathered through field and library studies. The results of the research show that the brickwork decorations of the cemeteries in Dezful are divided into three groups: historical graves with glazed brickworks, historical graves with simple brickworks, and historical graves with combined brickworks (the combination of simple and glazed bricks). According to results, brick decorations with glazed bricks had a bigger share in this category, after which brick decorations with simple bricks, and finally the combination decorations. On the other hand, in addition to geometric and plant motifs in the heart of the motifs that are the result of using bricks and its proportions, religious, social, and plant motifs have been used on some graves.