فهرست مطالب behshid garrusi

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence against women at Reproductive Age (WARA) and its visibility in southeast of Iran.

Adopting a modified time-location sampling, we recruited 933 WARA in the city of Kerman, Iran from Aug to Dec 2019. Domestic violence (DV) was divided into three main categories: Physical, psychological, and sexual. Data were obtained by direct and Network Scale-Up (NSU) methods through self–administered questionnaires. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to determine the association between socio-economic variables and the violence experience. Visibility was defined as the ratio of NSU over direct estimates.

Using the direct method, the annual prevalence of psychological violence was estimated at 60.9%. Corresponding figures for physical and sexual violence were 34.7% and 37.7%, respectively. NSU estimates were about one-third of the direct estimates. Divorced and widowed, self-employed, and less educated women were more likely to experience DV.

While the average DV was as high as 44%, its visibility was as low as 33%. Nearly two-thirds of domestic violence against women remains undisclosed. This indicates a high level of stigma perceived around this type of violence.

There are many mental health challenges associated with immigration. Culture has a notable impact on the mental health of immigrants. The inability to adapt to the new culture is effective in developing mental health problems. Acculturation is a dynamic process that involves multiple aspects of adjustment to a new environment. Various acculturation levels and processes are associated with mental health problems. However, this association is complex and can vary for different groups of migrants. The primary goal of the present study was to study the relationship between acculturation and mental health among Afghan immigrant women compared to Iranian women. The study included about 400 immigrant Iranian and Afghan women. Participants answered questions regarding age, marital status, education, occupation, religion, length of stay in Iran (in the Afghan participants), study in Iranian schools (in the Afghan participants) and the neighborhood characteristics where you live (with a majority of Iranian neighbors, a majority of Afghan neighbors and an equal population of both) and economic status. Information about mental health status and acculturation was also obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. The severity of mental illness among the three groups of Iranians, Afghans with low acculturation, and Afghans with high acculturation was significantly different (0 < 0.001). While mental disorders among Afghan women with high and low acculturation differed, this difference was not statistically significant. Some of the demographic features, such as widowhood, neighborhood features, socioeconomic status, and religion, had affected mental disorders in the two acculturated groups. In societies with strong cultural similarities, individual factors and ethnic solidarity seem to be more crucial to the mental health of immigrants.

interprofessional education (IPE) is an educational method, in which students learn two or more specific professions together, from each other, and about each other IPE for health students has been proposed as an alternative to conventional teaching methods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoint of faculty members and graduates of Kerman University of Medical SciencesregardingIPEand interprofessional teamwork and determine the characteristics affecting their views on IPEand interprofessional teamwork.

This cross-sectional study was done on faculty members and graduates of various fields of medical sciences working in Kerman in 2018. Samples were selected by the quota sampling method. To collect data, questionnaires of "Attitude TowardsInterprofessional Health Care Teams" and "Attitude Towards Interprofessional Education" were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

More than 90% of the participants had a good attitude towards teamwork and IPE. There was no significant relationship between work experience and attitude towards teamwork (P = 0.15), but there was a significant and inverse relationship between work experience and attitudes about interprofessional learning (r = -0.43, P =0.007). Those working in non-governmental jobs showed a better attitude towards teamwork and interprofessional learning (P <0.001).

Determining the views of faculty members and graduates of Kerman University of Medical Sciences regarding IPE and its influencing factors is helpful for educational planning and development of educational programs in various fields. Also, for better planning, educational needs explained by these people should be considered. Planning and developing an educational program in this regard can lead to improving the quality of health services.

Nowadays, many patients refer to outpatient clinics due to anxiety, depression, and somatization disorders. These disorders have catastrophic costs for the health care system. The present study examined the relationship between depression, anxiety, and somatization in outpatients.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2018 on 400 patients over 18 years old who referred to a selected clinic in Kerman and were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as well as Physical Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Data were entered into SPSS statistical software version 20.

The results of this study indicated that 38.8% of outpatients had a somatization disorder, 73.5% had anxiety and 61.2% had depression. Depression was associated with an increased risk of somatization in such a way that a one-unit increase in the depression score increased the risk of somatization 1.12 times.

Training physicians to timely diagnose and treat mental disorders, especially depression has a significant impact on reducing the burden of physical and mental illnesses.

Body image is the perception of individuals of their own body and it can be affected by many variables such as culture, social pressure, and media, but it is not limited to these factors. Body image disturbances are important because they lead to severe physical or psychological health problems. Development of body image dissatisfaction in Eastern communities has been increased in the past years. Despite many studies in Asian societies, In Iran, studies are scattered and limited. Our goal is a better understanding of this matter in Iran. A review of scientifc literature about Body Image and Iran was conducted inPubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and ProQuest, also in Persian scientifc databases such as Scientifc Information Database (SID) and Thematic Guide to Iranian Publications (MAGIRAN). This search has been conducted in January 2018. Out of 389 articles, 44 of them were selected. In these articles, study period, sample characteristics, type of study, contributing variables, type of statistical analysis, and the main result of each article were extracted. Despite using different methods for detection of body dissatisfaction, results showed that this problem has a high prevalence in Iranian population. Contributing factors were also similar to the world fndings. Review of studies regarding body dissatisfaction in Iran, revealed a high prevalence of this problem. It seems there is a need for interventional programs to prevent the negative consequences of body dissatisfaction, especially in teenagers and young people. Future studies with scientifc or longitudinal design, which lead to better results, are recommended.

Learning style is a distinctive, habitual behavior to gain knowledge, skills, or feedback attained through study or experience. The key to engaging students in learning the content is identifying their preferences and learning styles as well as identifying factors influencing these variables. To reach this goal, predictive variables of learning styles should be accurately identified in order to improve the learning environment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between learning styles and self-esteem in students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out on 343 students selected through quota sampling method. The data collection tools consisted of a demographic information form, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) version 2, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, linear regression, and logistic regression.
The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 21.41 (± 2.96), and 44.3% of students used absorbent learning style. In addition, 60.9% of students had poor self-esteem. No statistically significant association was observed between students’ learning styles and levels of confidence. In addition, the results showed that only gender was a prognostic factor in determining learning styles.
The results of this study showed that the students’ self-esteem and learning styles were not correlated; thus, teachers can disregard these factors in their assessment of student's learning styles.

Eating disorders are important health issues of body image disturbances. These disorders are not limited to Western countries or females. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of eating disorders among Iranian male adolescents and the associated factors.
This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 433 male high school students. The study assessed the effects of demographic characteristics, social pressures from family and friends, self-esteem, body satisfaction and media on eating disorders. Results are presented in terms of odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
About 15% of male adolescents had eating disorders. There were significant differences between the two groups (with and without eating disorders) in terms of social pressure, body dissatisfaction and body mass index (BMI). Body dissatisfaction (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and BMI (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.21) were identified as predictive factors in eating disorders.
The results indicated the need for more attention to eating disorders and predictive factors in Iranian adolescents as an example of Asian cultures.

In many medical studies, one data set is used to construct the model, and to test its performance. This approach is prone to over optimization, and leads to statistics with low chance of external validity. Data splitting can be used to create training and test sets but the cost is reduction in power. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of bootstrap aggregating (bagging) in improving performance of classification and regression tree (CART) models.
Methods & Materials: CART was applied on a sample of 404 subjects, to identify the factors that encourage people to change their body shape by cosmetic surgeries. Comparing known status of subjects with predicted group, sensitivity and specificity of models were compared. Firstly, all data was used to construct the tree and to test its performance. Secondly, model was fitted on half of data and tested on the second half. Thirdly, bagging was applied in which we drew 100 bootstrap samples. Using each bootstrap data, a tree was constr cted and its performance was tested on the unselected subjects. Final group prediction for each subject was determined following majority voting.
When the whole data was used the overall accuracy was 59%. In the test data set and bagging, accuracy reduced to 53% and 56%. Corresponding figures in terms of sensitivity were 60%, 52%, and 55%, respectively.
Bagging corrected performance estimates for over optimization. Bagging method produces statistics which has higher chance for external validity.

Learning style is a distinct behavior for gaining knowledge and skills through study or experience. Personality is a series of relatively stable characteristics which distinguish a person from others. The key to involving learners in the learning process is their preferences and learning styles, and identifying factors affecting these variables. In this regard, the predictor variables of learning styles must be accurately identified so as to improve educational conditions. This study aimed to determine factors predictive of learning styles of the students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In addition, the impact of demographic factors on their characteristics will be discussed. This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire including demographic data, personality test (NEO), the Learning style inventory, and the Kolb Learning Style Questionnaire. For data analysis, central tendency and dispersion measures, chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient, and logistic regression tests were used. The results show that most of the participants in this study were single women. Mean age of participants was 21.41 ± 2.96 years. Most students (44.31%) used assimilating learning style. Based on the results of these personality types, nearly a third of students (28.2%) were of the conscientious (responsible) character type. The results showed that only gender is a predictor of learning styles. More attention to student's learning styles results in the perfect use of teaching practices, and increasing and enhancement of students’ capabilities. Moreover, by identifying student's preferred learning styles and changing teaching methods, the student's enthusiasm for learning can be increased.

Body concerns and its health consequences such as eating disorders and harmful body change activities are mentioned in Asian countries. This study evaluates factors contributing to body image/shape changes in an Iranian population. In this cross‑sectional study we focused on four main body change activity (diet, exercise, substance use, and surgery) and their risk factors such as demographic variables, Body Mass Index (BMI), Media, Body‑Esteem, Perceived Socio‑cultural Pressure, Body dissatisfaction and, Self‑Esteem. Approximately, 1,200 individuals between 14‑55 years old participated in this study. We used a multistage sampling method. In each region, the first household was selected at random. The probability of outcomes was estimated from logistic models. About 54.3% of respondents were females. The mean (SD) of age was 31.06 (10.24) years. Variables such as gender, age, BMI, use of media and socio cultural factors as, body dissatisfaction, body‑esteem and pressure by relatives were the main factors that influenced body change methods. In particular we have seen that male are 53% less likely to follow surgical treatments, but 125% were more likely to use substances. Investigation of body concern and its health related problem should be assessed in cultural context. For effectiveness of interventional programs and reducing harmful body image/shape changes activities, socio‑cultural background should be noted.

The effects of substance abusing on children of all ages has been considered. The major problem of these children is the inability of their parents to implement their parental tasks and duties. In Iran, addressing the issue of substance abuse has a history of several decades. Identifying the experiences of these individuals about relating to their children is important in effective therapeutic planning to help drug dependent people continue their treatment. This qualitative study was conducted using phenomenological approach. Subjects were selected from among the referrals to the substance abuse treatment centers in Kerman. This study lasted for 11 months from October 2008 to August 2009 and tried to use purposive sampling to select the subjects with as much diversity as possible from the drug-dependent males who had at least one child. All those who had history of addiction less than two years were excluded. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings. Participants were 35 opiate-dependent males. The mean age of subjects was 43.18 ± 8.25. Five themes were extracted from analyzing the interviews including emotional relations, economical problems, experiences of communicating with children, the effects of substance abuse on children, and the role of children on the quitting process. To promote the quality of services offered to drug-dependents who have decided to quit, family therapy and psychotherapy are recommended to help addicted individuals reduce the problems they have with their children.

Iran (I.R.) is suffering the growing problem of opiate abuse. In evaluation of the treatment plan for opium dependent patients, a valid and reliable instrument is needed to measure patient's severity of dependence. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the "Substance Dependence Severity Scale" (SDSS). After translating the English version of SDSS to Persian and then back translating it to English, a structured interview with 200 opium dependent patients was conducted to collect data. Then, reliability (internal consistency and test-retest procedure) and construct validity were tested. The alpha coefficient was 0.77 and the correlation between test and retest results showed a high correlation coefficient (0.97) which confirmed the reliability. Construct validity was assessed by a cross-check against General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the results were in favor of its validity. But the correlation between the amount of substance usage and scores of the 1st and 2nd questions were not within the acceptable range. The results support the reliability of the Persian version of SDSS, but to confirm its validity further studies are needed.

Ôbjective: Çhaotic and unhealthy lifestyles in young generation will have a costly consequence for the health services in the future. The aim of the current study was to explore the way the Ïranian Üniversity students live in order to inform the way for provision of better preventive strategies against chronic physical and psychological disabilities. Çurrent study was carried out on 470 university students who completed a self administered questionnaire about various variables including their body mass index, nutritional status, physical activity, sleep pattern, physical and psychological wellbeing and substance use. Ôur study revealed that, in general, some students, particularly those who were studying medicine, were not enjoying a healthy lifestyle. However, female students were doing better than males in this regard.Çonclusion: The findings of our study are overall in accord with the results of the studies published in other countries. This should inform policy makers and health service managers to develop health action programs for university students to promote healthy lifestyle.