فهرست مطالب behzad jafari

The armed forces of the country are required to observe the economy of resistance in order to prevent the economic sanctions of the enemy. The purpose of the current research is to develop a model to increase the combat power of the armed forces by implementing the components of resistance economy. The statistical population of the research is the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the first sample population consists of 20 experienced professors and experts in the field of defense and financial management in the faculty of Ajah military universities, and the second population is 227 retired military personnel with a military doctorate. to be In this research, library method is used to collect data, fuzzy Delphi questionnaire and rank analysis process are used to analyze them, and correlation and regression analysis and spss software are used to validate the final research model. The research results showed that economic culture, social capital and jihadi management are the most important indicators of resistance economy. It was also found that economic culture, social capital and jihadi management have a positive and significant effect on the resistance economy and increasing the combat power of the armed forces. Therefore, establishing a resistance economy in the armed forces by benefiting from the obtained components will help to increase the combat power in the armed forces in the long term.

Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic parasite with worldwide distribution. We investigated curcumin and chitosan in combination on the viability of T. gondii tachyzoites in silico, in vitro and in vivo.

A 3D model was employed in Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran in 2021 to study the interaction between curcumin and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Ramachandran root-mean-square deviation and VERIFY3D validated the model. Cytotoxicity of curcumin and chitosan was evaluated by MTT viability assay. BALB/c mice infected with 104 Toxoplasma organisms were treated with curcumin, chitosan, and the combination of curcumin+chitosan. Serum levels of inducible NO synthetase (iNOs), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-5, glutamate oxaloacetic transaminases(SGOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were determined.

Curcumin-DHFR and curcumin-DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase) interactions and calculated enzyme energy indicated an excellent affinity for curcumin with DHFR, but not DHPS. MTT results of concurrent treatments demonstrated IC50 rates of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 mg/ml at 24, 48, and 72h, respectively. IFN-γ, IL-5 and iNOs levels in curcumin+chitosan treated mice were 1.71, 0.51, and 1.51 IU/L, while those of SGOT and SGPT were 76 and 84 IU/L, respectively.

The combination of curcumin and chitosan increased survival time of infected mice by seven days. Curcumin and chitosan in combination regulated the immune system and reduced liver damage, potentially forming the basis of a new treatment for toxoplasmosis.

Today, the value of environmental accounting is expanding. The reason for this can be the pressure of shareholders on managers to focus more on environmental issues and evaluate environmental performance. In order to achieve a better organizational environmental management, the implementation of environmental strategies and the use of environmental management accounting are among the main competitive advantages for many companies. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between strategic management accounting and strategic environmental performance, considering the effects of environmental strategies. In order to validate the final research model, a 5-choice questionnaire was distributed among 384 available accountants and environment experts through the PORSA website. The findings showed that management accounting and environmental strategy have a significant impact on environmental performance and there is a significant relationship between management accounting and environmental strategy. Considering the importance of environmental performance, company managers should include strategic management accounting techniques as well as suitable environmental strategies in their plans.

Today, the value of using generational accounting is expanding in the countries of the world. In order to achieve social and intergenerational justice, it is considered important to use generational accounting and update the budget and tax policies. The purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between budget strategies and social justice by considering generational accounting in Iran. In the first stage, relevant English and Farsi articles were selected using the CASP Critical Assessment Skills program. Then, using them, the main variables were identified, i.e., generational accounting as an independent variable, intergenerational justice as a dependent variable, and budget policies as a mediating variable and their components. In the following, these variables and their related components were given to 15 experts through a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire to confirm their reliability. Then, in order to validate the final model of the research, a 5-choice questionnaire with approved components was designed and distributed to 235 experts, accountants and experts through the Persa site, and the correlation coefficient and regression of the hypotheses using It was analyzed by spss software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between generational accounting, budget commitments and policies, budget strategies and intergenerational justice with social justice. Therefore, considering the importance of budget strategies for future generations and its impact on social and generational justice, it is necessary for our country to consider them.

Phlomoides (L.) Moench belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has recently undergone significant changes in taxonomy, with many species from Eremostachys and Phlomis added to the genus. The aforementioned species were studied in terms of morphological and phytochemical systematics. Species of Phlomoides are distinguished from Phlomis by their densely bearded upper corolla lip and nutlet. However, Eremostachys and Phlomoides have a lot in common morphologically. Plant chemosystematics present iridoids, phenylethanoids, and furanolabdanes as dominant constituents of Phlomoides species. Long-term traditional uses, such as bone fracture therapy, local analgesic, and wound healing actions, pique researchers' interest in these plants. The species and their secondary metabolites have been implicated in drug discovery by their anti-inflammatory and bone-development properties in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. A review of the taxonomic status based on phytochemical and morphological characteristics, as well as the clinical importance of the Phlomoides genus, is presented in the current study to provide a basis for further investigations.

Strategic management accounting is very important in increasing the competitive power and sustainable development of polluting listed companies. The purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual model of strategic environmental performance with an emphasis on strategic management accounting. In the first stage, English and Persian articles related to the relevant topic evaluated and studied. A Critical evaluation skills program used to evaluate the articles. After identifying the valid articles, strategic management accounting components identified as independent variables, strategic environmental performance components as dependent variables, and environmental strategy components as mediating variables. After this stage, the reliability and acceptance rate of the subsets of each component determined by the fuzzy Delphi method. The intensity of competition has caused companies to use strategic management accounting tools and domestic and international environmental strategies and always improve their environmental performance. Considering the importance of environmental performance, managers of polluting listed companies should include new accounting techniques of strategic management in different dimensions along with suitable environmental strategies in their plans.

  The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting the development of Iran's transportation, customs and transit cooperation with other countries. This research is a mixed research method. The qualitative part of the research includes interviews with experts, so the intended statistical population was formed by experts familiar with the subject of the research. At first, the results of the qualitative part of the interview were coded with the data method of Foundation, Strauss and Corbin, and then the factors affecting the development of Iran's transport, customs and transit cooperation with other countries were identified and ranked. A closed questionnaire was used. The statistical population includes 12 experts in the qualitative section and 127 experts and customs managers in the quantitative section. Cronbach's alpha method was used for the reliability of the quantitative part of the questionnaire. In the next stage and step of the research, using the axial coding method and with analysis in the data theory of the foundation, the relationship between the classes produced in the open coding stage and the relationship of other classes with the central class are established in 6 headings, which are: 1. Conditions Ali, 2. central phenomenon, 3. strategies and measures, 4. intervening conditions, 5. contextual conditions, 6. consequences were obtained based on the paradigm model (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Before that, considering these 6 classes and their relationship with each other, and with the opinion of professors and experts, the main and subcategories were identified from all the obtained indicators, and their priority and ranking were determined. In the quantitative part, the data analysis method including t-test and using structural equations has been determined and analyzed by SPSS and SmartPLS software.

The purpose of this applied research is to present a model for determining the strategies and methods of developing Iran's transit and customs cooperation with other countries. Based on the purpose and nature of this research, a mixed research method was conducted by interviewing research experts; accordingly, the qualitative aspect of the research is based on a grounded theory approach. The statistical population and its data collection method in qualitative and quantitative sections include semi-structured interviews for 12 experts and closed questionnaires for 127 experts and customs managers respectively. Cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability of the quantitative part of the questionnaire. The data analysis method included a t-test and structural equations, which were analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software. According to the findings, the t-statistics calculated is at the level of 0.001. The main categories of the strategic model of transportation, customs, and transit cooperation with other countries include internal organizational factors, knowledge and technology features, international standards, communication, management, gaining experience and training, innovation, strategies, and legislation and policy.

 Drug repurposing is an approach successfully used for discovery of new therapeutic applications for the existing drugs. The current study was aimed to use the combination of in silico methods to identify FDA-approved drugs with possible S1P1 agonistic activity useful in multiple sclerosis (MS).

 For this, a 3D-QSAR model for the known 21 S1P1 agonists were generated based on 3D-QSAR approach and used to predict the possible S1P1 agonistic activity of FDA-approved drugs. Then, the selected compounds were screened by docking into S1P1 and S1P3 receptors to select the S1P1 potent and selective compounds. Further evaluation was carried out by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies where the S1P1 binding energies of selected compounds were calculated.

 The analyses resulted in identification of cobicistat, benzonatate and brigatinib as the selective and potent S1P1 agonists with the binding energies of -85.93, -69.77 and -67.44 kcal. mol-1, calculated using MM-GBSA algorithm based on 50 ns MD simulation trajectories. These values are better than that of siponimod (-59.35 kcal mol-1), an FDA approved S1P1 agonist indicated for MS treatment. Furthermore, similarity network analysis revealed that cobicistat and brigatinib are the most structurally favorable compounds to interact with S1P1 .

 The findings in this study revealed that cobicistat and brigatinib can be evaluated in experimental studies as potential S1P1 agonist candidates useful in the treatment of MS.

In view of the biological and pharmaceutical significance of coumarin and 3,4-dihydroquinolone structures, such as anticancer, anticoagulation of blood vessels and anti-HIV activities, and advantageous of synthesis of hybrid molecules by the combination of known pharmacophores for the development of a diverse range of novel pharmaceutical agents as potent drugs with many improved properties, in this article, various novel tetra- and pentacyclic heterocycles of 3,4-dihydroquinolones annulated tetrahydropyranocoumarin and α-pyrone were synthesized via domino Knoevenagel hetero Diels-Alder reaction of N-acrylated anthranilaldehyde with 4-hydroxy-coumarin and α-pyrone (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one) in the presence of 50 mol% ZnBr2 as a mild and low cost catalyst in refluxing acetic acid in one step. All products achieved with high yields with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity.

Cell aggregation of threedimensional (3D) culture systems (the socalled spheroids) are designed as in vitro platform to represent more accurately the in vivo environment for drug discovery by using semi-solid media. The uniform multicellular tumor spheroids can be generated based on the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules such as collagen and integrin. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between the cellulose family and collagen using both in vitro and in silico approaches.

The 3D microtissue of JIMT-1 cells was generated using hanging drop method to study the effects of charge and viscosity of the medium containing cellulose family. To determine the mode of interaction between cellulose derivatives (CDs) and collagen-integrin, docking analysis and molecular simulation were further performed using open source web servers and chemical simulations (GROMACS), respectively.

The results confirmed that the addition of CDs into the 3D medium can promote the formation of solid spheroids, where methylcellulose (MC) yielded uniform spheroids compared to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Moreover, the computational analysis showed that MC interacted with both integrin and collagen, while sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) only interacted with collagen residues. The stated different behaviors in the 3D culture formation and collagen interaction were found in the physicochemical properties of CDs.

Based on in vitro and in silico findings, MC is suggested as an important ECMmimicking entity that can support the semi-solid medium and promote the formation of the uniform spheroid in the 3D culture.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is undoubtedly the most challenging pandemic in the current century with more than 293,241 deaths worldwide since its emergence in late 2019 (updated May 13, 2020). COVID-19 is caused by a novel emerged coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Today, the world needs crucially to develop a prophylactic vaccine scheme for such emerged and emerging infectious pathogens.

In this study, we have targeted spike (S) glycoprotein, as an important surface antigen to identify its B- and T-cell immunodominant regions. We have conducted a multi-method B-cell epitope (BCE) prediction approach using different predictor algorithms to discover the most potential BCEs. Besides, we sought among a pool of MHC class I and II-associated peptide binders provided by the IEDB server through the strict cut-off values. To design a broad-coverage vaccine, we carried out a population coverage analysis for a set of candidate T-cell epitopes and based on the HLA allele frequency in the top most-affected countries by COVID-19 (update 02 April 2020).

The final determined B- and T-cell epitopes were mapped on the S glycoprotein sequence, and three potential hub regions covering the largest number of overlapping epitopes were identified for the vaccine designing (I531–N711; T717–C877; and V883–E973). Here, we have designed two domain-based constructs to be produced and delivered through the recombinant protein- and gene-based approaches, including (i) an adjuvanted domain-based protein vaccine construct (DPVC), and (ii) a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine (SAMV) construct. The safety, stability, and immunogenicity of the DPVC were validated using the integrated sequential (i.e. allergenicity, autoimmunity, and physicochemical features) and structural (i.e. molecular docking between the vaccine and human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 5) analysis. The stability of the docked complexes was evaluated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

These rigorous in silico validations supported the potential of the DPVC and SAMV to promote both innate and specific immune responses in preclinical studies.

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors are widely used pharmaceuticals in cancer therapy. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are members of RTK superfamily which are highly expressed on the surface of carcinoma associate fibroblasts (CAFs). The involvement of FGFRs in different types of cancer makes them promising target in cancer therapy and hence, the identification of novel FGFR inhibitors is of great interest. In the current study we aimed to develop an alignment independent three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model for a set of 26 FGFR2 kinase inhibitors allowing the prediction of activity and identification of important structural features for these inhibitors.
Pentacle software was used to calculate grid independent descriptors (GRIND) for the active conformers generated by docking followed by the selection of significant variables using fractional factorial design (FFD). The partial least squares (PLS) model generated based on the remaining descriptors was assessed by internal and external validation methods.
Six variables were identified as the most important probes-interacting descriptors with high impact on the biological activity of the compounds. Internal and external validations were lead to good statistical parameters (r2 values of 0.93 and 0.665, respectively).
The results showed that the model has good predictive power and may be used for designing novel FGFR2 inhibitors.

Quantitative structure-relaxant activity relationships of 56 benzopyran derivatives were developed and validated on the basis of a linear model using two descriptors. The mean percentage deviation (MPD) of the prediction data set was used as an accuracy criterion and the validity of the developed model was evaluated by correlation coefficient (R) and variance ratio (F) values. The developed model was able to predict the vasorelaxant activity (pEC50) by 6.4 (± 5.2)% MPD value.

Over the past years, temperature and pH-sensitive hydrogels was developed as suitable carriers for drug delivery. In this study temperature and pH-sensitive hydrogels was designed for an oral insulin delivery modeling. NIPAAm-MAA -HEM copolymers were synthesized by radical chain reaction with 86:4:10 (5% w/v) ratios respectively. Reaction was carried out in 1,4-Dioxane under Nitrogen gas-flow. The copolymers were characterized with FT-IR, 1H-NMR and DSC. Copolymers were loaded with regular insulin by modified double emulsion method with ratio of 1:10. Release study carried out in two different pH (pH=2 and 7.4 for stomach and intestine simulation respectively) at 37ºC. For each pH, a 5 mL suspension of the insulin containing hydrogel was taken in to a cellulose acetate dialysis membrane, and the dialysis membrane was allowed to float in a beaker containing 15 mL of buffer solution. The beakers were placed in a shaker incubator maintained at 37ºC. Phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 3)/ acetonitrile (60/40) was used as the mobile phase in HPLC assay. Yield of reaction was 86% with an optimum Lower Critical Solution Temperature point (30ºC). In-vitro studies showed a control release behavior via pH changes which the amount of insulin releases was 80% and 20% at pH=2 and 7.4 respectively. Results showed that by optimizing polymerization and loading method we could achieve a suitable nano system for oral delivery of insulin.