behzad nazemroayasedeh

Endoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic method with a high risk of nausea and vomiting. Considering the lack of adequate studies on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after endoscopy in children, this study was conducted to compare the effects of ondansetron, dexamethasone and a combination of these drugs on the reduction of nausea and vomiting in children aged 1 to 12 years undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 146 children aged 1 to 12 years, undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly allocated to four groups of 36. Before endoscopy, the groups received 0.1 mg / kg of ondansetron, 0.2 mg / kg dexamethasone, a combination of the two drugs and placebo, respectively. According to the results of our study, children who underwent upper GI endoscopy, administration of ondansetron plus dexamethasone was associated with a significantly lower frequency of nausea in all assessment time points. However, the difference between the groups was significant only on admission to recovery and the 15 minutes after admission to recovery (P<0.001). The results of our study indicated that in children undergoing endoscopy, the use of ondansetron plus dexamethasone is associated with reduction in the incidence of nausea and vomiting, and the use of the combination does not cause significant side effects compared to ondansetron, dexamethasone or placebo, separately.

Face mask ventilation has a distinct place in anesthesiology. One of the difficulties (obstacles, problems) with a mask, is laryngeal airway obstruction caused by the backward displacement of the tongue and soft tissue which is further exacerbated by obesity (body mass index over 25). Considering the fact that ventilation using a nasal mask appears to cause fewer problems especially in obese patients, we decided to compare the quality of ventilation after the induction of general anesthesia using ventilation through an anatomical face mask and anatomical nasal mask in patients with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 in this study.
The study was a clinical trial, conducted on 70 patients between the ages of 18 and 70 years, with a BMI over 25, who were candidates for elective orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia at the Alzahra Hospital operating room. After evaluation of the inclusion criteria, the subjects were selected. Once placed on the operating table, the patients were administered 100% oxygen using a face mask held at proximity to the face for 3 minutes, after which anesthesia induction medication were administered to all patients. Subsequently, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the first group, ventilation was undertaken using the standard mask ventilation with 100 % oxygen for 3 minutes. In the second group, ventilation was performed through an anatomical nasal mask. The mean expiratory volume, mean SpO2, mean end tidal CO2 (Et CO2) and mean airway pressure were measured, recorded and compared in both groups.
From the ventilation parameters, maximum airway pressure during the 2nd minute after initiation of mask ventilation was significantly higher in the face mask group compared to the nasal mask group (4.6 1.6 and 12.5 1.7 respectively, p According to the findings in this study, it can be concluded that ventilation with a nasal mask is more efficient than a face mask in patients with a BMI> 25 and is followed by a reduced amount of risk and complications.