فهرست مطالب dariush azimi

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of emotion-oriented and solution-focused therapy on anger and marital adjustment in women with marital conflict.
This study was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental data collection method with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included women with marital conflicts in Tehran in 2019. Thirty women with marital conflicts were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of combined emotional and pathological therapy for two and a half months, while the control group did not receive the present intervention. The questionnaires used in this study included the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Anger Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (MAQ). The data were analyzed using covariance analysis.
The results showed that the combination of emotion-oriented and solution-focused therapy on anger management (P 000 0001; Eta = 0.41; F = 12.71) and marital adjustment (P 000 0001; Eta = 0.45; 15.25 F) Women are affected.
Considering the significant effect of combination therapy based on emotion and solution, it is recommended to use this combination therapy in order to improve marital adjustment and anger of women with marital conflicts.

School counselors are responsible for addressing academic, personal/social, and career development needs through the design, implementation, evaluation, and enhancement of a comprehensive school counseling program that results in improved student achievement. Therefore The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention based on the empowerment model on the job performance of school counselors.

The method of the current research was a mixed sequential exploratory type. For this purpose, a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used to check the effectiveness of the training package. The statistical population of the research included all the school counselors working in the first secondary school of Ardabil city (areas 1 and 2) in the academic year 2021-2022, among them based on the cut-off point of the school counselor occupational performance scale (score 86) and taking into account the entry criteria For the research, 30 people were selected as a sample by random sampling method and according to the results of the pre-test, they were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The members of the experimental group received the desired educational content in one introductory session and 11 sessions of 120 minutes, while the members of the control group did not receive any intervention. The follow-up test was also done after 3 months. The obtained data were analyzed using spss software and multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The results showed that the intervention based on empowerment has a positive and significant effect on the job performance components of school counselors. This means that school counselors as a result of participating in training sessions based on the empowerment model, in the dimensions of knowledge (F = 0.20 and P = 0.001), skills (F = 0.69 and P = 0.001) and attitude and behavior (F=0.47 and P=0.001) had a positive and significant performance.

Teaching the content related to the empowerment model is an effective way to improve the performance of school counselors.

School counselors are responsible for addressing the academic, personal/social, and career development needs of students through the design, implementation, evaluation, and enhancement of a comprehensive school counseling program, which results in the improvement and promotion of student success (2). Based on this, the role of school counselors in the development of students is not hidden from any expert and everyone agrees on the irreplaceable effect of school counselors. In order for such counselors to be at the disposal of the country's educational system, the process of recruiting, training and employing school counselors should be systematic and based on specific goals and recognizing the characteristics of an efficient school counselor. Some studies show that there is a significant relationship between the psychological health of counselors and their professional efficiency (6-8). Identifying and introducing psychological characteristics in the selection of school counselors in different societies, apart from the commonalities it has, also has distinct aspects, and it is impossible to define and specify a series of general and absolute characteristics for the selection of school counselors in all societies in the same way. On the other hand, today we are witnessing that various people are employed in the school counseling profession without paying attention to their competence and competence or making a serious effort to improve their efficiency and capability. For this reason, by identifying and introducing psychological characteristics in the selection of school counselors and using such findings to revise the recruitment, training and employment of school counselors, it may be possible to provide conditions that improve the efficiency of school counselors and make fundamental changes in the provision of high-quality counseling services. Let's see the school in providing counseling services in schools. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer the question, what are the psychological characteristics of school counselors?

The present study was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the research included all professors and experts in the field of school counseling in the country in 1401, from which 11 experts and professors of school counseling were selected by snowball sampling. In this way, the first specialist and counseling professor who was interviewed was asked to introduce another specialist and counseling professor whom they know and who they think can help the researcher. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data, and the data were collected until theoretical saturation was reached, and after the implementation of the text of the interviews, they were analyzed. Due to the distance dimension and the restrictions caused by the Corona epidemic, the interviews were conducted in person and in virtual space. The criteria for entering the research included having several publications and researches in the field of school counseling, a field of study related to the school counseling profession (counseling, psychology and educational sciences) and willingness to participate in research. In order to check the content validity of the interview tool, first the initial version of the interview was sent to the supervisors and advisors, then the necessary and suggested amendments were applied and finally approved. To calculate the reliability, the reproducibility index was applied according to the method of Huberman and et al. (1994), which are: 1) reliability, 2) transferability, 3) verifiability and 4) reliability (12).

The number of participants in the present study was 18, of which %36.40 were women and %60.60 were men. The last degree of all the participants was a Ph.D., among whom one was a professor, 5 were associate professors, and 5 were assistant professors. The average age of the participants was 45 years. The findings of the current research can be expressed in four categories; The first category of cognitive characteristics includes having the power of analysis, creativity and innovation, intellectual maturity, mental health, benefiting from high intelligence and high self-efficacy. In explaining this finding, it can be said that schools today need creative and innovative counselors, counselors who make thought and wisdom the ruler of their actions and thoughts, and encourage students to use reason and wisdom to solve their problems and problems. The second category of emotional characteristics includes emotional maturity, communication skills, and professional commitment and attachment. The meaning of emotional characteristics is the set of interests and tendencies of the school counselor towards issues and topics related to school counseling. Emotional maturity as a psychological characteristic indicates intrapsychic and interpersonal characteristics. Emotional characteristics in the intrapsychic dimension refer to the ability to balance thoughts and emotions, while emotional characteristics in the interpersonal dimension are the ability to experience intimacy without jeopardizing the client's sense of independence. The third category of personality characteristics includes regularity, tolerance, courage and dignity. Personality can be defined as certain patterns of thinking, emotion and behavior that define a person's personal style in interaction with his social and material environment. The personality characteristics of a consultant are so important that people who do not have such characteristics, even with sufficient education and experience, should not be allowed to do professional work. It seems that personality traits cannot be achieved through education and training, and if the applicants for the counseling profession do not have these characteristics at the beginning of specialized training, they will not be able to be useful and effective counselors for clients, even if the training program is at a high level; Because training only strengthens the personality traits of people who are ready and interested in the job. And the fourth category of ethical characteristics including scientific, moral and occupational competence. In effective communication with their clients, counselors mainly deal with their beliefs, values and ideals and sometimes their secrets. Most of the time, the clients try to honestly and sincerely tell all the secrets of their lives in the counseling session with the trust they have towards the commitment and expertise of the counselor and hoping to receive effective help from him. It is obvious that all professional honor, human authenticity, moral strictness and professional commitment of consultants depends on their performance towards the clients and compliance with honesty, friendship, self-restraint and confidentiality, and in a word, legal obligations and professional ethics.

In general, it can be concluded that in order to improve the competencies of school counselors, it is important to pay attention to the role of psychological factors in the selection of school counselors, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of counseling services in schools.

This study examined the effectiveness of sensory integration program on approval acceptance sense and social skills in student identified as learning disordered. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-post test with control group design. The statistical population of this study included all students identified as learning disordered were refered to learning disorders center of Ardabil city in 2015-16 school year. Among the students 24 (13 girl, 11 boy) were selected according Simple random sampling as statistical sample and experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12) were randomized. Participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions of sensory integration educational plan. To collect the data children Acceptance Sense Test (1984) and Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (1988) were used. The data were analysed using Mutivariant statistical covariance. The result showed there are meaningful different between experimental and control group average scores. So hypothesis of the research that being affective of sensory integration on acceptance sense and social skills and its factors have been approved. So it can concluded that sensoru integration program affected acceptance sense and social skills and its factors such appropriate social skill, inappropriate assertiveness, impulsive/recalcitrant, overconfident, jealousy/withdrawal in student identified as learning disordered.

The current research was conducted with the aim of developing a model for empowering school counselors based on grounded theory and using semi-structured interview method.

For this purpose, the number of 12 teachers, 14 school counselors, 13 students (locally from Ardabil province) were selected through purposeful sampling and the number of 9 counseling experts and professors (nationally) were selected by snowball sampling and the data were collected until theoretical saturation was reached. After transcribing the text of the interviews and entering the information into the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software, they were analyzed with open, central and selective coding.

The results of open and axial coding led to the identification of 245 concepts and 17 core categories. Also, the results of selective coding showed that the core category of school counselors' ability is influenced by causal conditions (scientific, professional and moral competence), intervening conditions (emotional maturity, self-efficacy, professional skills and coordination) and background conditions (intellectual maturity, emotional intelligence, mental health, communication skills, psychological toughness and charismatic personality) in the form of organizational and individual development strategies, which result in improving the efficiency of school counselors directly and indirectly.

According to the findings of the present research, it is recommended to use the present model in order to empower school counselors, as well as design and develop different programs to improve school guidance and counseling services.

This study aimed to construct and validate a scale for assessing efficiency in school counselors. This mixed methods study followed an exploratory approach. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included all professors and specialists in the field of counseling in Iran, as well as teachers, counselors, and lower secondary school students in Ardabil province in the 2021-2022 academic year, 46 of whom were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included all school counselors and liaison counselors (in primary schools) of Ardabil province in the 2021-2022 academic year. In the quantitative section, two samples were used. In the first sample, 220 people were selected for exploratory factor analysis and in the second stage, 205 counselors and liaison counselors were selected through multistage cluster random sampling for confirmatory factor analysis. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative section and the School Counselor’s Efficiency Measurement Scale and the School Counselor’s Professional Ethics Scale were used in the quantitative section. The data were analyzed using grounded theory in the qualitative section and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in the quantitative section. Based on the results of the qualitative section of the research, moral, psychological, behavioral, and emotional characteristics were identified as the main components. The final results of the quantitative section of the research showed the goodness of fit was acceptable and approved the validity of the School Counselor’s Efficiency Measurement Scale in terms of moral, emotional, behavioral, and psychological characteristics with 31 items. Based on the findings of the present study, the School Counselor’s Efficiency Measurement Scale, for assessing this construct in Iranian samples, has sufficient reliability and validity

Considering the important role of psychological and family factors in the occurrence or prevention of addictive behaviors, this study aimed to determine the role of family resilience, meaning in life and differentiation in Distinction between smoking and non-smoking students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This research is a case-control study. The statistical population of the present study was students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2019, from which 80 smokers and 80 non-smokers were selected as the research sample using the available sampling method. In this study, family resilience, meaning in life and differentiation questionnaires were used to collect data. For data analysis, discriminant analysis method was used with SPSS.21 software. The results showed that 66% of the variance of family resilience, meaning in life, differentiation for the only discriminant function explained by the difference between the two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Considering the high average of family resilience, meaning in life, and differentiation in non-smoking students, we can conclude that family resilience, meaning in life, and differentiation have a significant role in distinguishing between smoking and non-smoking students.

This study aimed to compare communication patterns, self-efficacy and assertiveness in adolescent girls with the self-harming and normal group. This was a causal-comparative (case-control) study that was performed retrospectively. The statistical population of the present study included all-female high school students in Anzali city in the academic year 1397-1398 and also adolescents referred to the emergency department of Anzali hospital. The sample size was 60 people (30 students with self-harming behaviour, 30 students without self-harming behaviour) who were selected by the convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Scherer and Maddox self-efficacy scale, Gambrill and Ritchie audacity questionnaire, and Barton communication skills. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean scores of communication patterns and all its components (listening pattern, feedback pattern and verbal pattern), self-efficacy and assertiveness at teenage girls have less self-harming behaviour than girls with normal behaviour. The results showed that the level of studied variables in adolescent girls with self-harming behaviour was low, which requires educational programs to increase and improve the level of these variables in this group of adolescents.IntroductionAdolescence is one of the most important and influential stages of change in the life of every person and is the basis of many high-risk behaviours and social harms in this period. One of these risky behaviours is self-mutilation behaviours that are more common in adolescence than other periods of life. Self-mutilation is an inappropriate coping method for dealing with emotional problems, anger, and failure. Multiple risk factors are involved in adolescent self-mutilation, the most important of which are communication patterns. Communication patterns among adolescents are one of the important factors in preventing or tending towards high-risk behaviours. Beliefs of self-efficacy and behavioural changes and consequences are highly correlated with each other, and self-efficacy is a very important predictor of behaviour. Accordingly, when a person has a negative assessment of his or her abilities and competencies in different situations, he/she engages in self-injurious behaviours such as self-mutilation. Also, the results of research on high-risk behaviours have pointed to the role of individual characteristics such as the degree of the courage of individuals. Lack of non-daring traits causes discomfort and prevents the expression of emotions in social situations, as well as prevents the pursuit of individual and social goals. Research goalSince the phenomenon of self-mutilation is costly for the country's health system and on the other hand is not compatible with human values and cultural standards, a more detailed study of the issue seems necessary. Therefore, the present study was conducted in this direction to answer the basic question: Is there a difference between communication patterns, self-efficacy and courage in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing and normal behaviour?  Research MethodThis research is of causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the present study included all females high school students in Shahr Anzali in the academic year 2019-2020 and also adolescents referred to the emergency department of Anzali hospital. The sampling method of the present study was available according to which 30 girls with self-mutilation ing behaviour and 30 non-self-mutilation ing behaviour were selected to compare students with self-mutilation ing behaviour with relative matching in terms of age and educational level. To collect data in this study, Scherer and Maddox self-efficacy scale (1982), Gambrill and Ritchie daring questionnaire (1975) and Barton communication skills scale (1991) was used. FindingsTo analyze the data collected in the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation and in the inferential statistics, section to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of variance was used, for which the SPSS 19 statistical software was used.Based on research findings, the average scores of communication patterns and all its components (listening pattern, feedback pattern and verbal pattern) in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls(P<0/01).Based on the results of multivariate analysis of variance, the mean scores of self-efficacy and courage in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls (P<0/01). DiscussionThis study aimed to compare communication patterns, self-efficacy and courage in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing and normal behaviour. The results showed that the mean scores of communication patterns and all its components (listening pattern, feedback pattern and verbal pattern) in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls. When adolescents can communicate with friends, family and other members of the community using appropriate communication patterns, they cope better and more effectively with the psychological pressures of life due to receiving support from them, which reduces their self-mutilation.The results also showed that the mean scores of self-efficacy in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls. People with high self-efficacy have the high problem-solving ability, they focus on their problem-solving abilities in difficult situations and seek solutions instead of negative ones. Also, high levels of self-efficacy are associated with a greater ability to cope with high-risk and harmful behaviours.Finally, the results showed that the average score of assertiveness in adolescent girls with self-mutilation ing behaviour is lower than normal girls. Adolescents with low self-esteem are often unable to defend themselves in the face of challenging situations and others; For this reason, they are often passive, anxious and cowardly, and instead of expressing their wants and needs, they try to advance their desires by harming themselves.

The necessity of identifying the factors affecting the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family has always been of interest to the family's specialists. The present study was designed to predict the role of quality of relationship based on marital intimacy and main family health. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consisted of married women and men in Tehran during the period of  2016-17, 250 of them were selected by sampling method. Data were collected using Marital Intimacy questionnaire (Walker & Thompson, 1983) The Health of The Main Family (Yeshtat and others, 1985), the Relationship With The Wife's Family (Cheraghi, 1393), were collected. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and inter regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the family's main health and marital intimacy with the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family(P<0/01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that marital intimacy and family health can explain 26% of the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family. in forming the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family, marital intimacy, and the family's primary health, plays a very important role. Therefore, the need for more attention to these factors in the consolidation of the family is fundamental.

The widespread and increasing number of deaths due to the Corona virus has caused many psychological injuries, including stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the relationship between perceived stress and coping strategies of the family members of patients with Corona virus admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Ardabil medical centers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. Sampling was done by available method among the companions of patients with Corona virus infection admitted to the ICU (between May and September 2020). The number of research samples according to the results of a pilot study was estimated at 462 people. Available sampling method was used for sampling. Data collected included patient demographics, Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and the Blinges-Moss Coping Styles Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Spearman and Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance by SPSS software version 24. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of perceived stress were 44.80 ± 5.92 and emotion-oriented and problem-oriented coping styles were 19.08 ± 3.02 and 32.35 ± 5.54, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficient test showed a significant relationship between perceived stress with problem-oriented coping style (r = 0.321) and emotion-oriented coping style (r = 0.113) (p <0.05). This study showed that the companions of coronary patients admitted to the intensive care unit use more emotional coping methods, which results in increased emotional behaviors. Therefore, in order to help the psychological health of coronary patients, it is possible to strengthen the application of problem-oriented coping style by designing and implementing educational and supportive-care programs.

Nursing students are more vulnerable to academic problems and reduced individual productivity due to their work and study environment stress. The aim of this study was to explain Effectiveness of Islamic spiritual therapy on Procrastination and Academic engagement nursing students. In this research, a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The statistical population of this study was all nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch in the academic year of 2016-2017. Sixty people were selected by convenient sampling method and then assigned to two groups of experimental and control randomly (each group holding 30 participants). For experimental group experiments, 10 sessions of Islamic spiritual healing (45-minute sessions) were held. Subjects responded to Tuckman Scholarship Inventory and academic eagerness. The data was analyzed using covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The results showed that the spirituality of Islam-based treatment significantly reduced academic procrastination and increased enthusiasm for academic performance effectively. In other words, it could affect the experimental group to lower academic procrastination and improve academic aspirations. Islamic spiritual therapy has been effective in reducing the amount of academic procrastination and increasing the enthusiasm. So, Islamic spiritual therapy can be used to improve nursing students' academic achievements

The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of hardiness training on academic self_efficacy and social acceptance students. The research method was quasi-experiment with pretest-post test and follow up test. The population of this study consisted of all secondary school male students of Parsabad city in 2015-2016 academic years. The research sample included 30 students and who selected cluster random sampling and based on input criteria placed in two groups: experimental and control. The instruments were Crowne-Marlowe social acceptance and Morgan-Jinks academic self-efficacy scale. Experimental group used hardiness training for 10 sessions but the control group did not receive any intervention. After finishing the teaining program, the post-test carried out on both groups. The results of univariate analysis of covariance revealed that social acceptance and academic self-efficacy scores in the experimental group was then further tests and Between the experimental and control groups in terms of social acceptance and self-study there was a significant difference(p<0/001). So, hardiness training on academic self_efficacy and social acceptance students has been effective.

Nursing students because of environmental work and study stress more exposed to academic problems and personal efficiency are reduced. The aim of this study was to explain The Role of Psychological Capitals and academic motivation in academic vitality and decisional procrastination in nursing students.
In this study correlation types, to conduct 150 member of university Azad Islamic of Ardebil in 95-96 years and were selected by systematic random and respond to decisional procrastination scale, academic vitality scale, academic motivation scale and psychological capitals were all high validity and reliability. Data was collected analyzed by SPSS 18 software and using regression .
The results indicate that all components of psychological capital (hope, resiliency, optimism and self-efficacy) and academic motivation can predict changes in the academic vitality by positively and negatively changes in decisional procrastination.
The results highlight the importance of psychological capital as one of the important components of Positive Psychology and also academic motivation in reducing student's academic decisional procrastination and promote in academic vitality. Thus, providing trainings based on improving of psychological capital in academic environments will lead to reduction of academic burnout and will better academic performance in students.