فهرست مطالب daryoush hayati

Rural development programs are always in search of appropriate and effective solutions to improve the quality of life in rural areas. Therefore, given the conceptual and structural changes in rural areas, it is necessary to change our view of rural development in Iran and the global development terminology. Neo-endogenous development approach is one of the latest approaches to rural development after exogenous and endogenous approaches, which aims to induce and improve the concept of well-being and quality of life in rural areas. This perspective emphasizes the social economy, networking, human and social resources, and the central involvement of local communities in development programs. It also pursues public, private, and third sector collaboration with a synthesis of up-down and bottom-up approaches. Considering the changes in rural areas of Iran and the country's numerous capacities and potentials, such as the presence of social and human capital, a large number of educated rural youth, social activists, and civil societies, as well as many new rural empowerment and capacity building projects that have been implemented in rural communities in recent years, the neoendogenous development approach seems to be an appropriate pattern to promote development in rural areas.

As agricultural sector is generally confrontedby economic and environmental threats, agricultural insurance has been considered as an appropriate mechanism to protect farmers against these threats.   The purpose of this study is to compare Adopters' and Non-adopters' characteristics among pomegranate orchard owners in Natanz County.   A survey technique was used as a research method.   Stratified random sampling was appliedto collect data from 250 farmers of Natanz County based on Cochran sampling formula.   Data was collected among 190 orchard owners who did not adopt and 60 orchard owners who did adopt insurance service.   A questionnaire was employed as a tool for gathering data the validity of which was confirmed by a group of professionals.   Also, a pilot study was conducted and Cronbach's alpha test was calculated to determine the data collection instrument reliability.   Findings revealed that there were significant differences between adopters and non-adopters of insurance services in relation to age; number of household’ work force; orchard workers experience; level of knowledge towards insurance advantages; attitude towards insurance fee; degree of risk aversion; main profession; degree of satisfaction towards received amount of loan; tonnage of pomegranate production; total amount of annual income; level of received information towards insurance.   According to discriminate analysis results, six independent variables could discriminate two groups of treatments.   "Insurance experience toward agricultural insurance" was the main discriminator in this regard.   Some recommendations have been presented to enhance adoption rate of agricultural insurance, based on research results.

The main purpose of this was to analyze challenges and improvement mechanisms of Wheat Consulting Engineers (WCEs) in Iran, Isfahan Provinces. It was based on survey research which has been two groups (Consulting Engineers and Extension Experts). The population of the study was 163 of Wheat Consulting Engineers and 87 Extension Experts. Out of which, 95 Consulting Engineers and 55 Extension Experts randomly selected. The results of t-test revealed that there were significant differences in some items of project challenges from viewpoint of Consulting Engineers and Extension Experts. The results of challenges showed that challenges set in 5 factors from viewpoint of Consulting Engineers and in 4 factors from viewpoint of Extension Experts. Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, specific recommendations were made.