davoud ghaderi

Depression, as the most serious disease of the century, whose underlying factors play an important role in its formation and continuation, requires the design of treatments that have lasting effects. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Analytical Schema Therapy (AST) in reducing depression symptoms and modulating early emotional needs

Methods and Materials: 

The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research was selected students of Tehran in 2020. The sample size included 24 people who were selected by a targeted method from among those who volunteered for treatment and were randomly assigned to two experimental (12 people) and control (12 people) groups. AST therapeutic intervention was performed for the experimental group during thirty sessions, one session of 60 minutes per week. People in the control group did not receive treatment at this time. The questionnaires used in this research included the Beck depression questionnaire (Beck, 1961) and the early emotional needs questionnaire (Ghaderi et al, 2021). The data obtained from this research were analyzed by the method of variance analysis with repeated measurement and using SPSS 25.0 software.

The results showed that AST treatment has a significant effect on reducing depression symptoms and modulating emotional needs (p<0.001).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that AST treatment, with the development of techniques aimed at adjusting emotional needs, can be used as an effective intervention to reduce depression symptoms and adjust early emotional needs.

The aim of the present study was to construct and validate the scale of early emotional needs based on Yang theory of schema therapy.

This research was conducted by a combined qualitative-quantitative method. The first (qualitative) step was performed by data triangulation method. The required data were collected through interviews, available texts, receiving expert opinions, and through the method of grounded theory, the steps of coding, categorization, follow-up to saturation. In the second (quantitative) stage, the statistical population of Tehran students was selected in 1399. Among the Islamic Azad universities of Tehran, universities were selected from 5 districts of Tehran and 15 faculties were randomly selected to assess the questionnaires and the questionnaires were administered to 376 students of different levels and both sexes. Confirmatory factor analysis and maximum likelihood estimation (ML) methods were used to analyze the data.

Six needs and their related items were extracted. Analysis of standardized factor loads of all components on the total factor, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all early needs was greater than 0.7. All the needs of the researcher-made questionnaire were positively and at a significance level of 0.01 correlated with the five domains of Young's early maladaptive schemas.

Based on the findings, the ability of items to measure the six components of early needs was confirmed and the items of each need had the desired internal consistency, and the needs scale had convergent validity.

The effect of mood disorders on cognitive and metacognitive processes and large association of dysfunctional attitudes with longer periods of bouts of depression is proven. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing symptoms and adjusting dysfunctional attitudes in patients with bipolar disorder, in order to reach an adjuvant treatment for medical treatments in such patients.

In this quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group, 30 patients, 10 men and 20 women, selected through convenience sampling from psychiatric clinics in Isfahan, Iran. They were diagnosed to have bipolar disorder (types I or II), according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), received standard medical treatment with mood stabilizers and were randomly put in two groups. Test group received medical treatment along with cognitive-behavioral therapy (10 individual sessions) and the control group received only medical treatment. Young’s mania rating scale (YMRS), bipolar depression rating scale (BDRS) and dysfunctional attitudes scale (DAS) were used before and right after the termination of treatment. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and covariance test.

Controlling the covariate variables, differences between the medians of test and control groups for all three variables of symptoms of mania, depression and adjustment of dysfunctional attitudes were significant (P < 0.01 for all).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy as an adjuvant psychological treatment can be effective in reducing symptoms and adjusting dysfunctional attitudes in patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, providing regular protocols of cognitive behavioral therapy and adding them to medical treatment of these patients and also comparing the effect of this therapy and other psychological treatments is suggested for future studies.

Aim and the aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of schema therapy in reducing symptoms and adjusting early maladaptive schemas in patients with bipolar disorder. The purpose was to identify patient’s maladaptive schemas and attempt to modify or change them.Methods and Materials: Subjects included 30 patients, 10 men and 20 women that were chosen by convenience sampling from visitors of Nour Medical Center, two mental health clinics in Isfahan and Baran ‘e’ Mehr counselling center in Shahin Shahr. They were diagnosed with bipolar disorder (type I or II) by a psychiatrist using DSM-IV-TR and receiving medical treatment, were randomly put in two groups. Test group received medical treatment with schema therapy and the control group received only medical treatment. Young mania rating scale (YMRS), bipolar depression rating scale (BDRS) and Young schema questionnaire (YSQ3) were used before and after treatment. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and covariance using SPSS 18.0. Controlling the covariate variable, differences between two groups after the intervention were significant for all three variables of symptoms of mania and depression and early maladaptive schemas (P<0.01). schema therapy as an adjuvant psychological treatment with medication can be effective in reducing symptoms and adjusting the early maladaptive schemas in patients with bipolar disorder, therefore providing regular protocols for schema therapy and adding it to medical treatment is suggested.