فهرست مطالب dehbozorgi

In the present study, in an efficient and selective method, Thorin as a reagent was used by forming colour in the alkaline water–acetone media for direct spectrophotometric determination of lithium ion in the coastal seawater of Chabahar bay. Affective factors on the lithium-thorin complex formation reaction such as reaction time, concentration of thorin and the percent of potassium hydroxide and acetone were studied and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection, linearity range relative and standard deviation of method were obtained as 0.039 mg/L, 0.10-1.3 mg/L, 9.11% (n =7), respectively and the average concentration of lithium in seawater of Chabahar Bay was estimated as 0.173 mg/L. Furthermore the effect of different depth on the dispersal of lithium in Chabahar Bay was investigated. The results showed that there were no significant differences among Li concentrations in different depths

Derenjal Mountains with NE-SW trend, is located in Central Iran, in northwest of Tabas block and in eastern block of Kalmard fault. In this region, the Paleozoic formations (Cambrian to Devonian) have been exposed and surrounded by Neogene and Quaternary deposits. Volcanic rocks of Cambrian limited to Diabasic Rocks Dominated in Kalshaneh Formation and Middle Jurassic (?) lens-shape Andesite massive that covered uncomfortably with Cretaceous non metamorphosed limestone. Kalmard Fault as an old basement and active fault in Central Iran as Principal Displacement Zone (PDZ) and adjacent deformed Deranjal Mountains, have a complex deformation history with respect to rotation of the Compressional Incremental Kinematic Axis during Geological time scale since late Paleozoic to late Cenozoic. Rotation in Central Iran blocks, changing of the convergence direction of Afro-Arabian plate with respect to Iran and also structural interaction between the Central Iran blocks, during tectonic evolutions, imposed the rotation of the Incremental Kinematic Axis (P-T-B) directions with respect to Derenjal Mountains and Kalmard Fault. These process made progressively new structures and also made changes in old structures since post Devonian. In this study, based of Field observation and geometric - kinematic structural Analysis of the more the 150 fault data, the architecture of fault assemblage of Derenjal area demonstrate Synthetic faults (P, R), antithetic faults (X, R’), compression faults (C2) faults and folding in F1 Class in Derenjal Area. These structures represent that the Compressional Incremental Kinematic Axis trend has been changed in anticlockwise direction from perpendicular to parallel with respect to Kalmard Fault since post Devonian to Late Cenozoic and finally superimposition of the strike slip tectonics on the contraction tectonics.

The Gurpi Formation was studied from different aspects at two sections, Farhadabad and Kavar, in southwest and southeast of Ilam where it is composed of 205 m and 158 m of grey to blue marl and shale beds and occasionally thin beds of argillaceous limestones with two formal members of Seymareh (Lopha) and Emam-Hassan. In order to reconstruct paleoclimate during depositional course of the formation, paleontological and palynological data (ratio of specialist to generalist foraminifera (e.s/e.g) and warm-temperate waters dinocysts and spore and pollen grains) were used statistically. The results show that the Gurpi Formation is mainly deposited in a warm-humid climate with two sharp decreases happening in temperature in early Maastrichtian and Danian.

Electromyographic (EMG) signal decomposition is the process by which an EMG signal is decomposed into its constituent motor unit potential trains (MUPTs). A major step in EMG decomposition is feature extraction in which each detected motor unit potential (MUP) is represented by a feature vector. As with any other pattern recognition system, feature extraction has a significant impact on the performance of a decomposition system. EMG decomposition has been studied well and several systems were proposed, but feature extraction step has not been investigated in detail.
Several EMG signals were generated using a physiologically-based EMG signal simulation algorithm. For each signal, the firing patterns of motor units (MUs) provided by the simulator were used to extract MUPs of each MU. For feature extraction, different wavelet families including Daubechies (db), Symlets, Coiflets, bi-orthogonal, reverse bi-orthogonal and discrete Meyer were investigated. Moreover, the possibility of reducing the dimensionality of MUP feature vector is explored in this work. The MUPs represented using wavelet-domain features are transformed into a new coordinate system using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The features were evaluated regarding their capability in discriminating MUPs of individual MUs.
Extensive studies on different mother wavelet functions revealed that db2, coif1, sym5, bior2.2, bior4.4, and rbior2.2 are the best ones in differentiating MUPs of different MUs. The best results were achieved at the 4th detail coefficient. Overall, rbior2.2 outperformed all wavelet functions studied; nevertheless for EMG signals composed of more than 12 MUPTs, syms5 wavelet function is the best function. Applying PCA slightly enhanced the results.

Abstract This survey was conducted in order to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children of the war-wounded veterans and to compare it with the general population of Shiraz. The present study was a cross-sectional survey on a random sample of children and adolescents of 223 veteran s (25%-70%) families between 12-20 years old. The control group consisted of students of 12-20 years of age. Diagnosis was made using semi-structured clinical interviews on the basis of DSM-IV through K-SADS-PL. Out of 223 veterans families interviewed 123 families had at least one child with one psychiatric disorder. Those children 52 boys (15 %) and 71 girls (20%) suffered from at least one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of depressive disorders such as dysthymia was 2.3% major depressive disorder 8.4% and minor depression 5.8%. The prevalence of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder was (10.1%) separation anxiety disorder (1.4%) obsessive compulsive disorder (4%) panic disorder (3.2%) post traumatic stress disorder (3.2%) social phobia (4.3%) specific phobia (2%) and agoraphobia was (1.4%). Conclusio: Although the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders did not significantly differ from that of control group but more studies and more consultative preventive and therapeutic actions seem to be necessary for children of veterans due to a higher prevalence of some of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and some depression symptoms.

The kinetics and mechanism for the thermal decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) was studied in a flow system over the temperature range of 849-1064 K and pressure range of 10-300 Torr under homogeneous conditions in a tubular quartz reactor. Gas chromatography was used to measure the concentration of products. Four-center HCl elimination was found to be the most important channel in this system. Minor products such as methane, ethylene, acetylene, chloroethane, and chloroprene were identified. Ab initio calculations at the DFT, CASMP2, and QCISD(T) levels of theory were carried out to investigate the mechanism of this system and to calculate necessary parameters to compute the rate constants of different steps. Dependence of formation of vinyl chloride on the total pressure is measured, experimentally.

Abstract The electrical dose selected for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) must have an acceptable efficacy and no or minimal cognitive side-effects. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and cognitive side-effects of ECT in relation to the stimulus dose administered. This study assessed 71 depressed patients who were treated with bilateral ECT. For evaluation of depressive and cognitive states the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Hamilton scale for depression (HAM-D) were used before starting ECT and after the fourth and last sessions. The baseline mean MMSE was significantly (p=0.005) different with that evaluated after the fourth (p=0.005) and the final (p=0.002) sessions among the four groups receiving various doses of ECT. The mean Hamilton score did not change significantly over the study. No decrease in cognition was observed with employing higher doses (224–345.6 mc) of ECT compared to lower doses. The rate of improvement did not change significantly among the studied groups. Cognitive function does not decreased with higher doses of ECT (224–345.6 mc) as compared to the other groups. The rate of improvement does not differ with the stimulus dose administered.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and the related disorders are subsumed under chronic psychiatric disorders which are of psychosocial and therapeutic importance. In most studies, the mean age of onset of significant OCD symptoms is adolescence period. The aim of this study was to evaluate OCD symptoms, Tic disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Trichotilomania among middle school students in Shiraz, Iran. From the four educational district of Shiraz, South of Iran, 1682 middle school students, aged 14-16 yrs-old, were selected using a cluster random sampling. Persian standardized Moudsely Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory was used to assess obsessional symptoms. For evaluating BDD, Tic Disorder and Trichotilomania symptoms, a semi-structured interview was done according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Students with more obsessional symptoms were mostly girls and showed more positive family history. They were more likely from low socioeconomic class, and their average school grades were lower. They also showed high association with BDD and Tic disorders. This study confirmed body dysmorphic and Tic disorders to be more prevalent in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Girls, especially those from lower socioeconomic class, demonstrated increasing obsessional symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were found to affect school performance so its early diagnosis and management should be considered as a mental health priority.

Patients with Trichotillomania (TC) have an irreversible urge to pull their hair. This self-mutilation behavior is associated with high level of tension before and a sense of gratification and relief after TC. To investigate the personality characteristics of patients suffering from TC. The study was performed on 43 TC patients and 43 gender and age-matched non-psychiatric control individuals who were asked to complete a Persian version of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). The TC patients had significantly higher scores on Neuroticism (p<0.0001) and Agreeableness (p<0.05) domains. The TC patients were high scorers in all Neuroticism subscales including anxiety, angry-hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability to stress. The patient group had lower scores on the compliance scale, a subscale of Agreeableness. According to Costa and McCrae (founders of the NEO PI-R) suggestions, the picture of the personality traits or characteristics displayed by our data resembles borderline personality disorder.

The parent’s awareness about chronic disabling disease in their children definitely distresses the parents. Children of such parents show behavior & cognitive disturbances with long term negative impact on the family. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of depression in parents of disabled children. Following a cross-sectional study, 50 parents of children with chronic disease as target group & 50 parents of children with an acute disease as control group were selected randomly, they were asked to take part in a structured interview & their depression’s score was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data analysis was performed by Student’s t test and ANOVA using SPSS software. Depression scores were higher in those who had a child with chronic disease than in the control group (P<0.001). Depression scores were also higher in those who had a leukemic child than other non-leukemic chronic disease (P<0.002). Lower socioeconomic (SES) & parents with lower education level also showed a higher level of depression. When comparing psychopathology in parents of children with chronic disease with that of children with an acute disease, significant differences were observed in depression level. This study emphasizes the necessity of active psychosocial intervention in those parents who have disabled children.