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Mill scale is a by-product of hot rolling steel generated in a rolling mill and has the potential to be transformed into hematite. Owing to hematite's many uses; mill scale has a high economic value and may be used as a battery anode. The impact of CaCO3 pellet quantity and calcination time on hematite purity, as well as the effect of deposition duration and voltage on coating thickness. The calcination duration has a considerable effect on the purity of the resulting hematite, while the addition of CaCO3 pellets lowered the purity by around 6%. Attaining the thickest hematite coating on an aluminium surface required a 40 V treatment and a deposition time of 30 minutes. Alternately arranged aluminium ions (Al3+) and oxide ions (O2-) form an ionic connection. Whereas aluminium ions on the surface of aluminium are positively charged, oxide ions are negatively charged in order to generate an electrostatic interaction. During the discharge phase, the voltage decreased from 1.02 to 0.70 V. This research contributes to the development of more efficient and effective manufacturing procedures for hematite and its battery anode applications.

The yeast microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising energy conversion devices that use yeast as a biocatalyst to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Yeast MFCs have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to create electrons, low cost, moderate functioning at ambient temperature, ease of growth, and specificity for substrates. The scientometric analysis of the Web of Science database was carried out to identify the historical research trend related to yeast MFC of 148 high-quality publications from 2005 to mid-2022. The detailed analysis starting with the notion of energy generation during fermentation. Noteworthy breakthroughs in the creation of electrode materials, mediator addition, and in-situ application of yeast MFCs are highlighted. The analysis results revealed that Asian researcher dominated the on yeast MFCs topic, with India and South Korea leading the way. Diponegoro University researcher has the most publications on yeast MFCs, while a researcher from Pennsylvania State University has the most citations. This article may help the yeast MFCs researchers to navigate the overview of this research area and identify the most significant articles, countries, researchers, potential transdisciplinary collaboration and prolific contribution by researcher on this topic. These findings also reveal the future of yeast MFC research trend.