dr. mohammad bagher hojati

Recognition of real recitation of Quran among distinct recitations is not only a theoretical issue in Quranic sciences but also it is considered as one of the foundations in the interpretation of the Quran and is influential in other fields of study for examples jurisprudence, theology and the sciences affected from the Quran. In spite of different approaches to various recitations including the seven recitations, today the viewpoint of historical prevalence of Haf's narration from Asim is more popular in Twelver Shiism, though its history does not extent more than one century. According to this opinion, Haf's narration is the sole correct recitation of the Quran which is narrated from The Prophet numerously and has been prevalent among Muslims throughout history. In this article through explaining the reasons of the famous viewpoint and evaluating it, the author concludes that not only the reasons are not sufficient and there is no historical proof to corroborate it but there are a large number of them invalidate it.

The human being is extremely vulnerable to crimes and corruption and likely to show immoral behavior when exposed to them, while the education aims to substitute evil and wickedness with good and prosperity. To manage how one behaves himself/herself and others, Islam provides clear and proper plans and norms including "punishment of the violator". The present article attempts to explain the concept of punishment, its conditions and variant types. Considering the issues raised in the article, close adherence to the conditions of punishment based on Islamic decrees can be viewed as one of the most essential and effective means of education to ensure the prosperity and welfare of the society.