فهرست مطالب dr. mohammad sakizadeh

Bushehr Province has been located in the south west of Iran and due to water shortage crisis in this province, the water quality assessment of its rivers is very important. This study was conducted with the aim of the quality assessment of Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Baghan, Mond and Bahoosh in Bushehr Province by using NSFWQI and IRWQISC indexes, because of the importance of these rivers in drinking, agricultural and industrial consumption .
In this study, water sampling information were taken from 11 stations along 6 rivers including Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Mond, Bahoosh and Baghan during 2011-2013. Then, Tthe quality assessment of above-mentioned rivers was implemented by using NSFWQI and IRWQISC indexes. PO4, NO3, DO, BOD, and COD were the parameters that used for the calculation of IRWQISC whereas DO, NO3, PO4, and BOD were utilized for the measurement of NSFWQI index. One way analysis of variance was applied for the comparison of the mean of water quality parameters among different years. Moreover, ArcGIS 10.1 was applied for spatial analysis of water quality parameters and water quality indexes.
The results of this study indicated that according to IRWQISC index, Baghan and Dalaki rivers with scores of 31.3 and 39.8 were categorized as bad quality rivers while Shapour, Mond, Bahoosh and Helleh with 46 and 53 scores were included in the average quality category. In addition, with respect to NSFWQI index; Baghan River with a water quality index value of 68 was in the average quality group whereas the rest of rivers with values of 73 and 80 were in the good quality rivers.
The findings of this study proved that the of Shapour, Dalaki, Helleh, Mond, Bahoosh and Baghan rivers water were suitable for agricultural purposes while it should be purified for drinking purposes.

Background & Aims of the Study: The main objectives of the current research were (1) to study the extent of soil pollution by heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ba and Li) in sampling locations (2) to investigate the extent of heavy metal pollution and soil to plant transfer of these elements in wheat and barley (3) to study the health risk of heavy metals via consumption of wheat grains for adults and children.
The levels of heavy metals in 29 sampling locations in soil and different parts of wheat and grains of barley were quantified in Shahrood and Damghan of Iran by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Different statistical methods including ANOVA were used for the comparison of heavy metals in different soil groups and plant's tissues.
All of the bio concentration factors (BFs) were lower than one indicating the low level of accumulation in wheat and barley. The BFs were higher in aerial parts than that of grains showing the restricted translocation of these elements by wheat and barley. The highest accumulation was obtained for Zn, Ag and Cu.
Considering Hazard Quotients (HQs), there was not any detrimental effect due to the consumption of wheat grains in the study area. The HQs of all heavy metals for adults were higher than that of children. The highest and lowest HQs values were for Mn and Cr in both age groups, respectively. The Hazard Index (HI) associated with wheat grains for children and adults were 1.36 and 2.06, respectively which is indicated the adverse health effects due to the consumption of this staple crop.

Concentrations of Se in seven plant species (white mulberry, apricot, spindle tree, pistachio, wheat, barley, chives), and the associated soil samples were investigated in Shahrood and Damghan, Iran.
Soil samples were taken from the surface zone (0-5 cm) and plough zone (5-20 cm) in 13 sampling locations. The collected soil and plant samples were taken to the laboratory, then digested usin USEPA's method and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique.
Since there was a significant correlation (r=0.688, p The highest values of bio-concentration factors were recorded in chives followed by spindle tree and wheat, whereas the lowest level was detected in pistachio.

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on the water quality. The monitoring data related to 14 water quality parameters associated with 26 sampling wells in 2012-2013 and 19 sampling wells in 2010-2011 were provided. The amount of chlorine residue in 50%percent's of the stations was zero. In addition, the fluoride in 14 stations was less than 0.5 mg/l and for 80.7 percent's of the stations the nitrate values were higher than 13 mg/l. Although, there was a significant difference between the level of some parameters between these two time periods, however, this difference was not that much noticeable.76.9 percent's of the stations were slightly to moderately polluted based on the results of water quality index. As a whole, the amount of nitrate in 21 wells (80.7 percent) was higher than the human induced standard level (13 mg/l) and in two wells were higher than the WHO permissible level (40 mg/l).The regional change of nitrate was increasing from North West to the south east part of the area. Although the overall quality of groundwater has not deteriorated according to WQI but there is a health risk of water for local people especially that is associated with the results of nitrate in the study area.

The area of contaminated lands exposed to the health risk of environmental pollutants is a matter of argument. In this study, a new method was developed to estimate the amount of area that is exposed to higher than normal levels of Cr, Mn, and V.
Overall, 170 soil samples were collected from the upper 10 cm of soil in an arid area in central part of Iran in Semnan Province. The values of Cr, Mn, and V were detected by ICP-OES technique. A geostatistical method known as sequential Gaussian co-simulation was applied to consider the spatial risk of these toxic elements.
The moderate spatial dependence of Cr indicates the contribution of both intrinsic and extrinsic factor to the levels of this heavy metal in the study area, whereas, Mn and V can be attributed to intrinsic factors (such as lithology). There has not been any significant influence due to agricultural practices on the Cr values in the region. The surface of contaminated area for manganese, produced by risk curve on surface method, was higher than chromium and vanadium.
The produced risk curves as rendered in this study can be adopted in similar studies to help managers to estimate the total area that requires cleanup action.

Heavy metals have detrimental effects on the health of human being. The values of manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) in some plant species and soil samples in an arid area of Iran were evaluated in this study.

The values of Pb and Mn in 94 plant samples from 8 plant species and the related soil samples in 2010 were considered in Shahroud and Damghan, central Iran. Moreover, the soil-to-plant transfer factors of these two elements were investigated.

Except for barley, the values of Pb in all of the considered plants were higher than the standard level of 0.3 mg/kg. The amounts of Mn in all of the plant species other than pistachio were higher than the standard level of 25 mg/kg. As a whole, the bio-concentration factor of Mn was higher than that of Pb in the study area.

None of the soil-to-plant transfer factors exceeded one. Grape recorded the highest amounts of Pb and Mn compared with that of other investigated plant species. However, since its respective bio concentration factor (BCF) was lower than one, it cannot be considered as a hyper accumulator of lead and manganese.

In the current study,the hazard quotient, the hazard index (HI) and spatial variations of Fe,Mn,Cu and Cr in drinking water sources of Andimesk-Shush, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iranaquifer were assessed. We compared theconcentrations of aforementioned heavy metals in wells and springs inAndimeshk and Shush regions. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals was implemented usingUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) index.The spatial maps in the area were developed by geostatistical methods. Mean concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater sources of the study area in decreasing order was as follows: Cu >Mn> Fe> Cr. Except for iron,mean heavy metal concentrations were higher than the standard levels. Manganese concentration in 41.5% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits. Copper was higher than the safety limit in 74% of the samples, and chromium in 54% of the cases. The spatial pattern of heavy metals concentrations indicated higher concentrations in the southern parts of the region. The mean hazard quotients of most samples for the four heavy metals were lower than one, indicating that there was no immediate threat due to the exposure to these heavy metals. The calculated accumulated hazards of these heavy metals produced different results, with hazard indices of higher than one. The accumulated hazard indicesfor the evaluated metals were higher than one, indicating that chronic ingestion of these waters threatens the health of local consumers on the long run.

Water quality index (WQI) is a mean to summarize large amounts of water quality data into simple terms for reporting to decision makers and the public in a consistent manner. In this study, the quality of water in 9 sampling stations with respect to ten water quality parameters(pH,EC,TDS,Nitrate,Nitrite,COD,Turbidity,Sulfate,Total coliforms,Fecal coliform) was considered. Cluster analysis was utilized to separate the stations based on the levels of pollution and the classification of stations was implemented by Naïve bayes classifier method.The overall quality of water was studied by water quality index and the associated health risk of nitrate and nitrite was investigated through hazard quotient calculations.The results indicated that misclassification error of Naïve bayes for the two groups created by cluster analysis were 0,0.33 and 0.66 for the training,2-fold and hold-out cross-validation methods,respectively.The WQI results showed that the quality of water was between permissible and slightly polluted. The health risk of nitrate was higher than nitrite and for children was higher than that of adults, accordingly.However, even though, since the hazard quotient was lower than one so,there is not any immediate threat due to the consumption of water at the moment.

Background and Nitrate is one of the most important water pollutants contributing to methemoglobinemia in children and stomach cancer in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrate contamination of groundwater in Shahrood and Damghan and determination of the spatial pattern of its distribution. A total of 154 wells were sampled in shahrood and Damghan and the nitrate concentration was analyzed. Kruskal-Walliss test was applied to compare the concentrations of nitrate in urban, rural and plain areas. The nitrate concentrations in agricultural and drinking wells were compared using Mann-whitney test. Empirical bayesian kriging method was used to study the spatial distribution of nitrate in the groundwater. The mean concentration of nitrate in urban, rural, and plain area wells were 29.18, 11.58, and 10. 40 mgl-1, respectively. There was a significant difference in nitrate concentration between urban areas and that of the rural and plain areas but no significant difference was found in nitrate concentration between the drinking and agricultural wells. The geostatistical analysis showed higher concentration of nitrate in southern part of the area than that of the northern part. The concentration of nitrate was higher than the permissible levels in 4.5% of the studied wells however, at present this is not considered a health risk in the region.

The objective of this study was to classify the Shoosh Aquifer to several zones with different water quality in Khuzestan Province, Iran. In this regard, the performance of classification methods (Discriminant function and Cluster analysis) for the classification of groundwater based on the level of pollution with an emphasis on the problem of over-fitting in training data were considered. An over-fitted model will generally have poor predictiveperformance, as it can exaggerate minor fluctuations in the data. Cluster Analysis(CA) was adopted to spatially explain the similarity of sampling stations with respect to measured parameters. Three methods for variable selection were used including regularized discriminant analysis, principal component analysis and Wilks''s lambda method. The best algorithm for variable selection was Wilks''lambda which resulted in reducing the generalization error of the test sample to 0.1 for leave-one-out and 4-fold cross-validation. The second best performed algorithm was regularized discriminant function with 0.167 and 0.133 misclassification error for the two above-mentioned methods, respectively. Principal component analysis did not proved to be a promising algorithm for variable selection in the classification methods.

Background and Âquatic ecosystems pollution with heavy metals, have always been a major concern for aquatic organisms and human health. Çontaminants such as heavy metals get accumulated along the food chain and then transmitted to human body. Levels of contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans consuming them. This paper examines the levels of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in muscle tissue of Ësox lucius from the Ânzali international wetland and compared them whit human health standards. Ïn this study 26 Pike perch (Ësox lucius) were collected from the wetland by multimesh gill nets in September 2010. Âfter sampeles digestion with concentrated nitric acid, they were analyzed for Pb in a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and for Çd, Çu, and Zn in a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean concentration of Çd, Pb, Çu and Zn were 0.82 ± 0.06, 0.22 ± 0.02, 5.68 ± 0.31, 54.26 ± 0.87 (µg/g dry weight) respectively. Data analysis showed that no significant correlation exist between Pb, Çu and Zn concentrations with body weight and length but a significant negative correlation observed between Çd concentration with body weight and body length. Çonclusion: The levels of Zn, Çu and Pb was below than the established limits by WHÔ, FÂÔ, and ËPÂ but levels of Çd was exceeded than the limits of WHÔ and ËPÂ standards. These results can be a warning for consumers of these fish, especially vulnerable people. Daily intake calculation showed that a meal consumption of this fish per week no prohibition for an adult consumer.