فهرست مطالب dr. r. heshmat

Food insecurity is a major public health problem. The impact of unplanned pregnancy on the physical and mental health of the mother and the fetus is unfavorable. This study was conducted to compare the relationship between food insecurity and some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, fertility, and pregnancy in women with planned and unplanned pregnancy in Falavarjan in 1393 (2014).

This case-control study was performed on 200 women with unplanned pregnancy (cases) and 200 women with planned pregnancy (controls) using systematic random selection. Information was collected through researcher-made and Food Security questionnaires (USDA) through interviews with the mothers. Data was analyzed with the SPSS software version 16.0 and chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression.

The prevalence of food insecurity was significantly higher in cases (51%) than in controls (37%). Food insecurity increased the risk of unplanned pregnancy by 1.15 times (CI 95% for OR 1.08-1.22). The risk of unplanned pregnancy, in terms of food insecurity without hunger was 0.324 times more than food security conditions. The odds increased in the state of food insecurity with hunger. In groups, demographic characteristics (except for the age of the household head in the control group), fertility and pregnancy had a significant direct relationship and socioeconomic status had a significant inverse relationship with the household food security.

Food insecurity is associated with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the history of fertility and pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancy endangers the outcome of pregnancy and the health of the future generations.

The extract of the seeds of Nigella sativa (Ns) has been used therapeutically for centuries as a safe herbal medicine, and has been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetic osteopenia and bone healing in animal models. In the present study, we examined the effect of Ns seed oil extract on biochemical bone markers in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

In a placebo controlled clinical trial, 30 osteopenic postmenopausal women, aged 49-72 years, were randomized to either 3-month Ns (oil) treatment (3cc, 0.05 cc/kg/day p.o.) or placebo groups. In all subjects, calcium-D supplements (1 tab per day) were administered during the 3 month study period. At baseline and after 3 months CBC diff, liver and kidney function tests, and serum levels of calcium and phosphate and plasma levels of bone markers (including CTX,Osteocalcin and Bone-ALP) were measured.

Twenty-two participants completed the 3 month study period (9 in the Ns group and 13 in the placebo group). Women in the placebo group had relatively higher BMI in comparison with those in the Ns group. Other characteristics and bone markers levels were similar between two groups at the baseline. Plasma levels of bone markers including CTX, Osteocalcin and Bone ALP did not differ significantly between the Ns and placebo groups at the end of the 3 months neither did changes in bone markers over the course of study show statistically significant differences between the two groups.

Although Ns oil was safe, no reports of adverse reactions were observed in this study, we found no beneficial effect of Ns treatment on bone turnover markers. Based on our results, we do not recommend it for the prevention or treatment of bone loss. However this needs to be further investigated in the long-term clinical trials and with larger sample sizes.

The issue of hypothyroidism following thyroidectomy is still under debate. Currently all patients receive thyroid hormones while most of them really do not require such treatment. This study looks at the incidence of hypothyroidism among patients who underwent thyroidectomy in a major referral hospital and examines possible risk factors.

102 patients who underwent thyroidectomy in Shariati Hospital were investigated for their thyroid function profile on five occasions: just before surgery and after surgery and then three times, on a 3-monthly interval, for one year. All patients whose tests indicated hypothyroidism, were given hormone replacement therapy. The treatment continued for 3 months after normalization of the tests.

Thirty men and 72 women were included in this study. Mean age of participants was 39±13.6 years (males: 40.5±14.2 and females: 38.4±5.1 years). Thirty-six patients developed hypothyroidism (35.2%) occurring on an average 5±3.2 months after surgery. Increased weight, operation type, histopathologic type (Grave's disease and adenomatous goiter), underlying diseases (Grave's disease and toxic multinodular goiter) and their duration, lymphocytic infiltration and use of levothyroxine before surgery were found to be associated with the incidence of hypothyroidism. On the contrary, no association between the occurrence of hypothyroidism and gender, grade of thyromegaly, post-surgical complications or immediate pre-surgical TSH level was seen.

The investigation can serve as a pilot study for more extensive studies examing the issue in the future. Indicators such as Grave's disease and lymphocytic infiltration in pathologic specimens may be used to predict the occurrence of hypothyroidism in patients undergoing thyroidectomy and limit the unnecessary usage of thyroid hormones.

Metabolic syndrome includes obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension and lipid profile abnormalities. The risk of cardiovascular diseases with this syndrome is higher than every components alone. In view of its burden and high mortality rate, this syndrome should be noted.

The 25-64 aged individuals in 17th zone of Tehran were studied. It was designed according to the WHO MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) project using the ATP III criteria. The parameters have been used for the risk analysis were Waist Circumference (WC), fasting serum triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

The crude prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome was 29.9% and the age-adjusted prevalence was 27.5%. The prevalence increased with age. The highest prevalence among different age-groups was seen in women aged 55-64 years. In the whole population, the most metabolic abnormalities were hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension that were present in more than half of the population. The people with metabolic syndrome had higher BMI than rest.

Results demonstrate high metabolic syndrome rate among target population specially in women. In view. of correlation between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, it must be the priority of interventional preventive measures. Improving the diet, changing the lifestyle and increasing physical activity can be helpful.