ebrahim honarmand

Regarding spread of Covid-19 and several thousands of deaths of infected people, various methods have been proposed by researchers to reduce the chances of contracting COVID-19. The aim of this study is to find a natural method using sodium chloride (table salt) to prevent the spread of the corona virus and to explain the mechanism of the method. This is a systematic review study. A search was conducted in reputable databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Springer on related studies without restriction of publication year. This article is a review and all ethical principles were observed in this study. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a strong antimicrobial substance in the body, which is located inside neutrophils. This combination has an essential role in eliminating the corona virus in the upper respiratory system. This occurs if there are sufficient concentrations of chloride ions in the presence of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, hypochlorous acid can be considered as a very strong phagocyte to help corona virus elimination. This study shows that the necessary pretreatment can be done with very simple and cheap methods, before corona virus infects the body.

Kidney stone is one of diseases that more than ten percent of the population suffers from it. Calcium oxalate is the most well-known type of the kidney stones which no chemical medicinal treatment presented for it. The use of herbal products can be a good way to prevent the formation or dissolution of these stones. This study was carried out with the aim of determining Prunus avium L. tail herbal tea effect on the formation or dissolution of calcium oxalate.
In this study, the herbal tea of 4.0 g dried Prunus avium L. tail in 100.0 ml double distilled water was prepared and its effect on the formation and dissolution of calcium oxalate was investigated. The solubility of this salt in mixture containing 33.3% (v/v) of herbal tea was studied by complexometery and spectroscopy methods. The concentration of Ca2 in saturated calcium oxalate solution was determined by titration with 0.01 M Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and light emission in complexometric and spectroscopic methods, respectively. In order to investigate the formation rate of calcium oxalate salt, the titration of 0.05 M calcium chloride solution containing 33.3% (v/v) of herbal tea with 0.05 M sodium oxalate was performed.
The results of flame photometery, complexometery and conductometery techniques reveal that, although this herbal tea cannot have good effect on the dissolution of calcium oxalate stone, it significantly prevented the stone formation (P The results of this study show that Prunus avium L. tail herbal tea can be a good choice to prevent diseases in people disposed to kidney stones.

A multi-walled carbon nanotube modified paste electrode (MWCN-PE) was used for determination of promethazine (PMZ) in drug formulations and blood plasma by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Results revealed that the MWCN-PE shows an electrocatalytic activity toward the anodic oxidation of PMZ by a marked enhancement in the current response in buffered solution at pH 5.0.  At the MWCN/CPE, the anodic peak potential of PMZ was shifted by 28.0 mV to more negative potential in comparison with bare carbon paste electrode. The detection limit for this method was 0.025 µmol L-1. Results indicated that the modified electrode could be employed for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and plasma samples.

A new Schiff base 2-aminothiophenol furfural self assembled monolayer (SAM) has been fabricated on a bare gold electrode as a novel sensor for determination of dopamine. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the properties of the Au 2-aminothiophenol furfural self assembled monolayer modified electrode (Au ATF SAM-ME) using the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple. The electrochemical behavior of dopamine on the Au ATF SAM-ME was studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, using phosphate buffer solution as supporting electrolyte. The ascorbic acid has no response on the modified self-assembly electrode. A calibration curve was obtained for dopamine in a linear range of 2.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-4 M. The detection limit for dopamine was found to be 3.0 × 10-7 M. The results indicated that the Au ATF SAM-ME could be employed for the determination of dopamine in pharmaceutical formulations.