ehsan khaksar

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder prevalent in Persian and Persian-related cat breeds. It often leads to systemic arterial hypertension, which can severely affect the kidneys and heart if not managed. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension in Persian cats with PKD. Conducted at Tehran Azma Veterinary Center from March to May 2023, the research included 24 cats of Persian or Persian-mixed breeds. The cats were divided into two groups based on kidney ultrasonography examinations: a control group and a PKD group, each containing 12 cats. Systolic blood pressure was measured using Doppler ultrasonography and categorized according to the guidelines of the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).  The mean kidney size in cats with PKD was found to be significantly larger than that in the control group (p< 0.05). The average blood pressure of the PKD cats was substantially higher, recorded at 165.0 ± 23.5 mm Hg, with a higher mean in azotemic cats. The study found that 75% of the PKD cats had hypertension, with 25% experiencing severe hypertension, putting them at a high risk of future organ failure. In conclusion, hypertension is highly prevalent in Persian cats with PKD, and the progression of PKD, along with the presence of azotemia, can impact systolic blood pressure. Therefore, proactive strategies and hypertension management should be considered in PKD cats.

One of the problems of aging in dogs and cats is cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), which is very similar to Alzheimer's disease in humans and can affect the well-being of pets and the quality of human-animal communication. Currently, the most practical way to diagnose CDS in clinical practice is to administer a questionnaire based on cognitive symptoms, which include vocalization, changes in social interaction, changes in sleep/wake cycle, litter box soiling, disorientation, changes in activity level, anxiety, and changes in memory function and past learning. The study of cognitive disorders that may result from medical conditions is a critical area of research in human medicine, and many studies have been conducted to explore this topic. However, the study of such disorders in dogs and cats has received relatively little attention, with only a few studies conducted to date.A total of  20 clinically affected dogs and cats selected to evaluate their cognitive status. The control group consisted of 10 dogs and 10 cats in similar age and sex. After obtaining the consent of the owners, the samples were evaluated using a questionnaire and the incidence of CDS after chronic diseases was compared with the natural aging process.According to the results, a significant difference was seen in the activity and change of memory function and prior learning in dogs with underlying disease compared to the control group. In addition, the greatest differences in cats included changes in activity, sleep-wake cycle, and house soiling. On the other hand, anxiety in dogs and social interaction in cats showed the least difference between healthy and patient groups.It seems important to evaluate behaviors related to cognitive dysfunction syndrome in dogs and cats after chronic diseases using a questionnaire.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of urinary stones in dogs and cats referred to selected veterinary centers in Tehran province. The present study, which is a descriptive and field study, includes a statistical population of 80 cases of 44 dogs and 36 cats who have referred to the mentioned centers during this period and have been evaluated by a designed questionnaire. اند. According to the information obtained in this study, the information is classified according to the type, race, sex, nutrition, types of stones, different sizes and colors of urinary stones by making tables and related charts. The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of urinary stones in females, dogs and cats is higher than males and surgical history such as sterilization increases the risk of urinary stones. Prevalence also varies at different ages and the likelihood of developing urinary stones increases with age. Also, the type and breed of the animal affect the frequency of different types of urinary stones. In the statistical population of this study, the prevalence of urinary stones in dogs and cats of different breeds are struvite stones 24%, struvite stones + calcium oxalate 11%, struvite stones + calcium phosphate 17%, stone Strawite + calcium oxalate + calcium phosphate 10%. Calcium Phosphate + Calcium Oxalate 9%, Calcium Phosphate 8%, Calcium Oxalate 11%, Urate 4%, Urate + Calcium 6%.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and response to treatment of grade 3 and 4 periodontal disease in dogs and cats. The present research is field type and has been conducted in selected environments. In this study, cases related to 200 cases of dogs and cats were reviewed and in cases of access to the treatment process of referral bags, the necessary reviews were performed. Evaluations were performed in the form of clinical examinations and questionnaires and the condition of the mouth and teeth, the amount of gingival hyperemia, measuring the depth of the tooth groove, the amount of loose teeth were among the items that were carefully examined by measuring instruments and the depth of the tooth groove. Periodontal probe was measured to assess the grade of the disease. According to the results obtained in this study, it can be stated that the study of factors such as age, racial differences, type of nutrition and the amount of home care can provide comprehensive information about the prevalence and frequency of periodontal disease in dogs and Cats and examining these factors can help in timely diagnosis, treatment and proper prognosis.

Domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are an excellent model for cardiovascular research because the size of these animals is more suitable for study and experimentation than smaller animals. One of the most important diagnostic imaging methods is echocardiography, which is used today to evaluate the anatomical and functional cardiovascular system and is one of the most accurate and sensitive non-invasive methods for examining heart disease. Ventricular function indices can be assessed with cardiac imaging techniques. One of these important cardiac parameters is the ejection fraction (EF), which has a valuable place along with other involved parameters. EF is a measure of the percentage of blood that comes out of the heart with each contraction. For this study, 100 adult and young standard domestic rabbits, six months to one year old and in both sexes (50 female and 50 male rabbits) without anesthesia and sedation were used. In this study, the mean EF in domestic rabbits studied in males was 58.753 ± 6.889 and females 61.397 ± 6.530, which are comparable to the items mentioned in the valid books and the average size of EF measured in this study, there is no significant difference between this research and other research. There was no significant difference in the percentage of EF between most weight groups, but there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in weight groups (2161–2320 g and 2481–2640 g). Echocardiographic EF reference values for domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) non-anesthetized with are presented providing reference values for future studies.

Oryctolagus cuniculus are an excellent model for cardiovascular research because the size of these animals is more suitable for study and experimentation than smaller animals and are economical and cost-effective in research. One of the most important diagnostic imaging techniques is echocardiography, which is used today to perform anatomical and functional evaluation of the cardiovascular system and is one of the most accurate and sensitive non-invasive methods for examining heart diseases. Ventricular function indices could be assessed by cardiac imaging techniques. One of these important cardiac parameters is the ejection fraction, which has a valuable position along with other involved parameters. Ejection fraction is a measure of blood percentage that comes out of the heart with each contraction.

For this study, 100 six-month to one-year adult, standard and young Oryctolagus Cuniculus (in Iran) and in healthy   appearance of both sexes (50 female rabbits and 50 male rabbits) were studied without anesthesia and sedation.

In this study, the mean ejection fraction in the studied Oryctolagus cuniculus was 58.753±6.889 in male animals and 61.397±6.530 in females which indicates that the ejection fraction in the assessed male population was significantly higher than the female population.

The measured ejection fraction values were comparable to those mentioned in the authoritative books and there is no significant difference in the average size of ejection fraction measured in this study with the previous research.