ehsan ramezanian nick
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Background
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) can cause many radiological manifestations on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the occurrence of pneumomediastinum is rare in these patients. Accordingly, this study represents the rare cases encountered during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Case PresentationThis study focuses on describing three patients who attended our medical center during the COVID-19 epidemic showing pneumomediastinum on chest CT scans. Patients’ COVID-19 was confirmed after positive polymerase chain reaction tests. Finally, two of them were expired despite the efforts of the medical team.
ConclusionOverall, the results of this study suggest the occurrence of pneumomediastinum on the CT scans of patients as a possible finding of COVID-1
Keywords: COVID-19, Pneumomediastinum, Chest CT sca -
IntroductionAs sex differences have been observed repeatedly in chronic pain, it is likely that the gonadal hormones are responsible for these differences. To investigate the responsible mechanism for chronic pain different models have been created. This study is examining the effects of gonadal hormones on nociceptive responses of the rats in CCI (chronic constriction injury) and SNI (spread nerve injury) model.MethodsFor this reason male rats were undertaken to gonadectomy or sham surgery two weeks before nerve injury. A plantar analgesic meter was used to measure gonadectomy-induced changes in paw withdrawal latency (PWL) values, and von Frey monofilaments and Randal selitto test were used to assess changes in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) in response to mechanical stimuli. Animals were subjected to the behavioral tests before induction of nerve injury and then once a week starting from the first week after nerve injury for three weeks. t-test and Mann-Whitney were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe data revealed that PWL and PWT values were the same in these two nerve injury models and PWL was significantly lower in gonadectomized rats comparing to sham group. There were no gonadetomy-related differences in the development of mechanical allodynia. Also it seems that mechanical hyperalgesia is more affected by sexual hormones in SNI model during the first week after nerve injury.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that CCI and SNI model induces similar nociceptive behaviors in rats and mechanical and thermal nociceptive responses are differentially affected by gonadal hormones in male rats.
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