elahe faraji

The aim of present study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Amputee the Body Image Scale (ABIS)

A sample of 200 amputee patients were selected from amputee veteran and amputee people under the protection of Red Cerscent by using convenience sampling and asked to respond to the Persian version of The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS), Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) and Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS). The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. Also; in order to investigate the validity of the inventory, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion validity and convergent validity were used

The Cronbach’s alpha (0.89) and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed one factor structure for scale. Also, criterion validity of the scale with the Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) and convergent validity of the scale with the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS) was satisfactory

The findings showed that the Persian version of the Amputee Body Image Scale is a suitable tool in assessing of body image in amputee patients and can be used in research and intervention fields in Iranian patients.

The present study aiming at the study of degree of positive attitude toward the child among 40-78 years old women of Ilam city and identifying the social factors affecting the attitude of this population has been conducted. Research method is survey. The survey with the sample of 190 person (according to achieved variance and Cochran formula), using cluster sampling and questionnaire technique has been done. Finally, data were analyzed using Spss software.Finding show that positive attitude toward the child among women of Ilam city falls in between. In multi – variable regression analysis also 38/7 of variance of degree of positive attitude toward the child is determined by variable of negative role of satellite and television on having many children, other’s opinion about a pregnant women and number of children, discouragement from family and others, the employment status of respondent and the degree of friendship with close others. In analysis of path analysis, index of encouragement from family and others has the most amount of effect (-0/336) and variable of employment status has the least amount of effect (0/140) on attitude toward the child. At least, it can be said that the social learning theories, norm pressure, and social network are appropriate in determining the relationship between social factors and degree of positive attitude toward the child.

Since social capital is one of the ground of social science, and in recent decades it get much importance that it was called invisible wealth, this article has paid attention to the comparative study of this concept with the Asabiyah of Ibn Khaldun who used this key word to analyze the social and political disorders of this time and he knows it a consolidating and uniting factor. In fact, the main goal of this study is to answer this question that whether we can update the Asabiyah of Ibn Khaldun according to the theories of social capital?
Theoretical framework of this study is based on the theory of Gidenz and, its supplementary, ideas of Putnam. The set of presented arguments were resulted in this that although these two concepts have some in common, they have some differences which distinguishes them from each other in some respects. Thus, it can be inferred of differences of these two concepts that Asabiyah couldn’t be updated completely (however religion is still the main factor of solidarity in most societies specially our society, confederacy which also nowadays is formed regionally and universally, are some items which help to the possibility of updating the Ibn Khaldun theory of Asabiyah with new society) .On the other hand, Ibn Khaldun lived in a time and place with which Asabiyah was blended while in present modern societies race and lineage have been replaced by law and competence. In this way, the possibility of updating is cancelled in this case.

Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries among athletes and Instability and injury to this joint is responsible for almost long time lost from physical and recreational activity. Also it can impose high cost to sport teams. Prevention of this injury is an important concern of practice and rehabilitation. One way of reducing the possibility of ankle joint injury is using ankle orthosis. The present study aimed at inspecting the effects of two ankle orthoses on dynamic and semi-dynamic postural stability in athletes with chronic ankle instability. Twenty basketball players with CAI and fifteen non-injured athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Biodex Balance System was used to assess the participants’ postural stability in bilateral position at level 8 and level 2. Repeated measures analyses variance (ANOVA) was performed in order to examine the effects of ankle orthoses. Statistical significance level was determined at P< 0.05. statistical analyses revealed the significant effect of ankle supports on dynamic and semi-dynamic postural stability in the two groups and results indicated there wasn’t significant difference between groups. According to our results the orthoses improved both dynamic and semi-dynamic postural stability. Therefore orthoses can prevent of injury and its reoccurrence